Trenbolone

Trenbolone
Systematic (IUPAC) name
17β-Hydroxyestra-4,9,11-trien-3-one
Clinical data
AHFS/Drugs.com International Drug Names
Pregnancy
category
  • X
Routes of
administration		 Intramuscular
Legal status
Legal status
Pharmacokinetic data
Bioavailability 100% (intramuscular)
Metabolism ?
Biological half-life 48–72 hours
Excretion Urinary
Identifiers
CAS Number 10161-33-8 N
ATC code none
PubChem CID 25015
ChemSpider 23383 YesY
UNII P53R4420TR YesY
Synonyms Trienolone
Chemical data
Formula C18H22O2
Molar mass 270.37
 NYesY (what is this?)  (verify)

Trenbolone, also known as trienolone or trienbolone,[1][2] is a steroid used on livestock to increase muscle growth and appetite. To increase its effective half-life, trenbolone is administered as a prodrug as an ester conjugate such as trenbolone acetate, trenbolone enanthate, or trenbolone cyclohexylmethylcarbonate (Parabolan). Plasma lipases then cleave the ester group in the bloodstream leaving free trenbolone.

Legal status

Bodybuilders and athletes have been known to use the drug illicitly because they experience an increase in body mass more effectively than by weight training alone and because of its reputation as a fat-burning, as well as bulking agent. In the United States, possession or use of trenbolone for humans is a violation of federal law. The DEA classifies trenbolone as a schedule III drug.[3] Trenbolone is classified as a Schedule 4 drug in Canada[4] and a class C drug with no penalty for personal use or possession in the United Kingdom.[5] Use or possession of steroids without a prescription is a crime in Australia.[6]

Use and effects

Trenbolone acetate is often referred to as "Fina" by users, because injectable trenbolone acetate was originally adapted for use by bodybuilders from dissolution of Finaplix H pellets, an ear implant used by cattle ranchers to maintain the weight of cattle during shipping to slaughter. Trenbolone improves muscle mass, feed efficiency, and mineral absorption in cattle.[7]

Trenbolone compounds have a binding affinity for the androgen receptor five times as high as that of testosterone.[8] Once metabolized, the drugs have the effect of increasing ammonium ion uptake by muscles, leading to an increase in the rate of protein synthesis. It may also have the secondary effects of stimulating appetite and decreasing the rate of catabolism, as all anabolic steroids are believed to; however, catabolism likely increases significantly once the steroid is no longer taken.[9] Trenbolone has proven popular with anabolic steroid users, as some believe it is not metabolized by aromatase or 5α-reductase into estrogenic compounds such as estradiol, or into dihydrotestosterone; however, studies on this are mixed, with some studies showing a potential increase in both.[10][11] At least one study in rats has shown trenbolone to cause gene expression with the androgen receptor at least as potent as DHT. This evidence tends to indicate Trenbolone can cause an increase in male secondary sex characteristics without the need to convert to dihydrotestosterone.[12]

Since steroids generally cause virilization effects in women in even small doses, this drug should not be taken by women. Kidney toxicity has been suggested, but has not yet been proven, and scientific evidence supporting the idea is absent from the bodybuilding community that perpetuates this idea. The origin of this myth most likely has to do with the rust-colored oxidized metabolites of trenbolone which are excreted in urine and often mistaken for blood.[13] Trenbolone and 17epi-trenbolone are both excreted in urine as conjugates that can be hydrolyzed with beta-glucuronidase.[14] This implies that trenbolone leaves the body as beta-glucuronides or sulfates.

Side effects

As with most other drugs the side effects are dose dependent, and can include the following:

Pharmacology

Trenbolone binds to and activates the androgen receptor.[2][15] It has both anabolic and sufficiently androgenic effects.[2] Trenbolone also binds with high affinity to the progesterone receptor,[2][15][16][17] and a variety of trenbolone derivatives, including altrenogest (allyl-trenbolone), norgestrienone (17α-ethynyltrenbolone), and gestrinone (ethylnorgestrienone), are used as progestins. Trenbolone binds to the glucocorticoid receptor as well.[16]

See also

References

  1. ↑ Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (1990). Residues of Some Veterinary Drugs in Animals and Foods: Monographs Prepared by the Thirty-Fourth Meeting of the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives, Geneva, 30 January-8 February 1989. Food & Agriculture Org. pp. 88–. ISBN 978-92-5-102933-6.
  2. 1 2 3 4 William Llewellyn (2011). Anabolics. Molecular Nutrition Llc. pp. 546–. ISBN 978-0-9828280-1-4.
  3. ↑ http://www.justice.gov/dea/pubs/scheduling.html accessed August 22, 2011.
  4. ↑ http://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/C-38.8/page-24.html?term=steroids#sched4
  5. ↑ http://www.homeoffice.gov.uk/publications/alcohol-drugs/drugs/acmd1/anabolic-steroids-report/anabolic-steroids?view=Binary.
  6. ↑ http://www.aic.gov.au/en/crime_types/drugs_alcohol/drug_types/steroids.aspx
  7. ↑ http://www.depts.ttu.edu/afs/implantdb/dbhome/Revalor%20Tech%20Bulletin%2012.pdf accessed August 22, 2011.
  8. ↑ Beg, Tanveer; Siddique, Yasir Hasan; Afzal, Mohammad (2007). "Chromosomal Damage Induced by Androgenic Anabolic Steroids, Stanozolol and Trenbolone, in Human Lymphocytes" (PDF). Advances in Environmental Biology 1 (1): 39–43.
  9. ↑ http://www.sportsci.org/encyc/anabster/anabster.html[]
  10. ↑ Yarrow, Joshua F.; McCoy, Sean C.; Borst, Stephen E. (2010). "Tissue selectivity and potential clinical applications of trenbolone (17β-hydroxyestra-4,9,11-trien-3-one): A potent anabolic steroid with reduced androgenic and estrogenic activity". Steroids 75 (6): 377–89. doi:10.1016/j.steroids.2010.01.019. PMID 20138077.
  11. ↑ Gettys, TW; d'Occhio, MJ; Henricks, DM; Schanbacher, BD (1984). "Suppression of LH secretion by oestradiol, dihydrotestosterone and trenbolone acetate in the acutely castrated bull". The Journal of endocrinology 100 (1): 107–12. doi:10.1677/joe.0.1000107. PMID 6361192.
  12. ↑ Wilson, V. S.; Lambright, C; Ostby, J; Gray Jr, LE (2002). "In Vitro and in Vivo Effects of 17beta-Trenbolone: A Feedlot Effluent Contaminant". Toxicological Sciences 70 (2): 202–11. doi:10.1093/toxsci/70.2.202. PMID 12441365.
  13. ↑ http://knol.google.com/k/dane-fletcher/trenbolone-acetate-vital-information/1yijtt1e6h32o/55#[]
  14. ↑ Schänzer, W (1996). "Metabolism of anabolic androgenic steroids". Clinical Chemistry 42 (7): 1001–20. PMID 8674183.
  15. 1 2 C. G. Nicholas Mascie-Taylor; Lyliane Rosetta (13 January 2011). Reproduction and Adaptation: Topics in Human Reproductive Ecology. Cambridge University Press. pp. 69–. ISBN 978-1-139-49430-4.
  16. 1 2 APMIS.: Supplementum. Munksgaard. 2001. p. 5339.
  17. ↑ Kenneth W. McKerns (13 March 2013). Reproductive Processes and Contraception. Springer Science & Business Media. pp. 171–. ISBN 978-1-4684-3824-6.
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