Metenolone
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| Systematic (IUPAC) name | |
|---|---|
|
(5α,17β)-17-Hydroxy-1-methylandrost-1-en-3-one | |
| Clinical data | |
| Trade names | Nibal, Primbolan |
| AHFS/Drugs.com | International Drug Names |
| Legal status |
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| Identifiers | |
| CAS Number |
153-00-4  |
| ATC code | A14AA04 (WHO) |
| PubChem | CID 3037705 |
| ChemSpider |
2301378 |
| UNII |
9062ZT8Q5C |
| Synonyms | 17-Hydroxy-1,10,13-trimethyl-4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17-tetradecahydro-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-one |
| Chemical data | |
| Formula | C20H30O2 |
| Molar mass | 302.451 g/mol |
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| (verify) | |
Metenolone (or methenolone), also known as methylandrostenolone, is a long-acting anabolic steroid with weak androgenic (testosterone-like) properties.[1] It is a naturally occurring drug, found within the adrenal glands of pregnant domesticated felines, and is supplied as the acetate ester for oral administration and as the enanthate ester for intramuscular injection. Adult doses for the treatment of aplastic anemia are usually in a range of 1–3 mg/kg per day.
Side effects
Adverse side effects include fluid and electrolyte retention, hypercalcaemia, increased bone growth and skeletal weight. In men, additional side priapism, azoospermia, hirsutism, male pattern baldness, acne and oedema. In women, side effects include virilization, amenorrhoea, menstrual irregularities, suppressed lactation, and increased libido. In children, side effects may include virilization symptoms. Metenolone may enhance effects of antidiabetics, ciclosporin, levothyroxine, warfarin. Resistance to the effects of neuromuscular blockers may occur, and metenolone also has the potential to interfere with glucose tolerance and thyroid function tests.
Use in sports
As an anabolic steroid, the use of metenolone is banned from use in sports governed by the World Anti-Doping Agency.[2] Belarusian shot putter Nadzeya Ostapchuk was stripped of her gold medal after testing positive for metenolone at the London 2012 Olympic Games.[3] She has been excluded from future IOC events.
The NBA and NBPA also banned the use of methenolone under the Anti-Drug Program. In February 2013, Hedo Türkoğlu of the Orlando Magic was suspended for 20 games without pay by the league after testing positive for methenolone.[4]
In December 2013, Natalia Volgina was stripped of her 2013 Old Mutual Two Oceans Marathon title and received a two-year competition ban, subsequent to a final guilty verdict for using the steroid Metenolone.[5]
Synthesis
One of the standard methods for preparing fused cyclopropanes involved 1-3 dipolar addition of diazomethane to an olefin followed by pyrolysis of the resulting pyrrazole. The sequence follows a different pathway in the case of enones, with the pyrrazole in this case losing nitrogen so as to leave behind a new methyl group on the double bond.
Thus, the dipolar addition of diazomethane to 1-testosterone leads to the pyrrazole; that intermediate loses nitrogen on heating to give the 1 methyl enone methenolone.
It is curious that a methylolefin is the observed product, since in the case of eg Cyproterone, the second step leads to cyclopropane compounds.
- Mesterolone possesses the same structure but with saturation across the C1-C2 position and the 1-methyl group is α-positioned.
See also
References
- ↑ Index Nominum 2000: International Drug Directory. Taylor & Francis. January 2000. pp. 660–. ISBN 978-3-88763-075-1.
- ↑ "The World Anti-Doping Code: The 2012 Prohibited List" (PDF). World Anti-Doping Agency. Retrieved 2012-05-10.
- ↑ "IOC withdraws gold medal from shot put athlete Nadzeya Ostapchuk". International Olympic Committee. Retrieved 13 August 2012.
- ↑ "Magic's Hedo Turkoglu suspended 20 games".
- ↑ http://www.sport24.co.za/OtherSport/Athletics/South-Africa/Two-Oceans-winner-loses-title-20131205
- ↑ Wiechert, Rudolf; Kaspar, Emanuel (1960). "Über Steroidpyrazoline und ihre Spaltung". Chemische Berichte 93 (8): 1710. doi:10.1002/cber.19600930803.
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