Nilgiri Mountain Railway

UNESCO World Heritage Site
Mountain Railways of India
Name as inscribed on the World Heritage List
Type Cultural
Criteria ii, iv
Reference 944
UNESCO region Asia-Pacific
Inscription history
Inscription 1999 (23rd Session)
Extensions 2005; 2008

The Nilgiri Mountain Railway is a railway in Tamil Nadu, India, built by the British in 1908,[1] and was initially operated by the Madras Railway. The railway still relies on its fleet of steam locomotives.[2] NMR comes under the jurisdiction of the newly formed Salem Division.

In July 2005, UNESCO added the Nilgiri Mountain Railway as an extension to the World Heritage Site of Darjeeling Himalayan Railway, the site then became known as "Mountain Railways of India"[3] after it satisfied the necessary criteria, thus forcing abandonment of the modernisation plans.

For the past several years diesel locomotives have taken over from steam on the section between Coonoor and Udhagamandalam. Local people and tourists have led a demand for steam locomotives to once again haul this section.[2]

A still from the documentary on NMR.[4]

Operation

Rack and pinion tracks
Functioning of the rack and pinion
Rack seen between the two tracks
Rack and Pinion track near Coonoor
Rolling stock
Nilgiri Mountain Railway traversing over a bridge
An X Class Steam Locomotive
An YDM 4 Biodiesel Locomotive
Classic tickets are still issued, keeping in line with the World Heritage Site status

The NMR track is 1,000 mm (3 ft 3 3⁄8 in) metre gauge and the railway is isolated from other metre gauge lines.

Between Mettupalayam and Coonoor, the line uses the Abt rack and pinion system to climb the steep gradient. On this rack section trains are operated by 'X' Class steam rack locomotives manufactured by the Swiss Locomotive and Machine Works of Winterthur in Switzerland.

These steam locomotives can be used on any part of the line (either with or without the rack section),but the newer diesel locomotives can operate on the entire section, between Mettupalayam and Udagamandalam.This signals the beginning of the process to phase out the coal-fired vintage Swiss engines that took scores of passengers on the rack and pinion track to Coonoor and Udhagamandalam, covering 45.8 kilometres (28 mi), 108 curves, 16 tunnels and 250 bridges

Hence, the Southern Railway decided to replace the coal-fired locomotives. The work was entrusted to Golden Rock Workshop of Southern Railway at Tiruchirapalli. Each of the new engines weighs a little over 50 tonnes and cost Rs.10 crore.

The new engine has been provided with pilot and primary burners with separate tanks to hold about 850 litres (190 imp gal; 220 US gal) of diesel and 2,250 litres (490 imp gal; 590 US gal) of furnace oil. The hauling capacity of this new engine is 97.6 tonnes (96.1 long tons; 107.6 short tons) and it can run at a speed of 30 kilometres per hour (19 miles per hour) in plains and at 15 kilometres (9.3 miles) an hour on a gradient.The arrival of the new engines has eliminated the disruption in service that occurred frequently over the last few years.

For long, the X Class locomotives manufactured by Swiss Locomotive and Machine Works of Winterthur in Switzerland lent that distinct charm to NMR. These locomotives are six to eight decades old, railway officials said

The steam locomotives are always marshalled at the downhill (Mettupalayam) end of the train. The average gradient in this rack section is 1 in 24.5 (4.08%), with a maximum of 1 in 12 (8.33%). Between Coonoor and Udagamandalam the train is operated by a YDM4 diesel locomotive using conventional rail adhesion principles. On this section the locomotive is always at the Coonoor end of the train as although the line is not steep enough to need a rack rail, the ruling gradient out of Coonoor is still very steep at 1 in 25 (4%).

As of 2007, there is one train a day over the rack section, which starts from Mettupalayam at 07:10 and reaches Ooty at noon. The return train starts from Ooty at 14:00, and reaches Mettupalayam at 17:35. The train is scheduled to connect to the Nilgiri Express, which travels from Mettupalayam to Chennai via Coimbatore. A summer special service is also run during the months of April and May, starting from Mettupalayam at 09:30 (AM) and from Ooty at 12:15 (PM). Between Coonoor and Udagamandalam, there are four daily trains each way.

Even though the NMR stations have networked computerised ticketing systems for onward journeys, it still issues Edmondson style manual tickets for the Ooty-Mettupalayam journey to preserve the 'World Heritage Site' status of the railway. However, ticket booking is similar to other conventional trains and can also be done via the Indian Railways' website. It is advisable to book tickets for this railway well in advance, especially during peak season.

The majority of repairs to the locomotives are carried out at the Coonoor shed but many of the steam locomotives have been rebuilt at the Golden Rock Workshops. Carriages are repaired at Mettupalayam but, like the locomotives, are taken to one of the big railway workshops for major work.

Due to its popularity, a number of passengers using the NMR have requested that the Southern Railways convert the section from Coonoor to Udagamandalam to steam locomotive, extending the present steam traction between Mettupalayam and Coonoor.

Route

Nilgiri Mountain Railway
Route map
Legend
 Dist.
Station
Code

Elev.

 CBE
1348 ft 
411 m 
0 km 
0 mi 
 Mettupalayam MTP
1069 ft 
326 m 
8 km 
5 mi 
 Kallar
1260 ft 
384 m 
13 km 
8 mi 
 Adderly
2390 ft 
728 m 
18 km 
11 mi 
 Hillgrove HLG
3580 ft 
1091 m 
21 km 
13 mi 
 Runneymede
4612 ft 
1406 m 
25 km 
16 mi 
 Kateri Road
5070 ft 
1545 m 
28 km 
17 mi 
 Coonoor ONR
5616 ft 
1712 m 
29 km 
18 mi 
 Wellington WEL
5804 ft 
1769 m 
32 km 
20 mi 
 Aravankadu AVK
6144 ft 
1873 m 
38 km 
24 mi 
 Ketti KXT
6864 ft 
2092 m 
42 km 
26 mi 
 Lovedale LOV
7000 ft 
2134 m 
44 km 
27 mi 
 Fernhill
46 km 
29 mi 
 Udhagamandalam UAM
7228 ft 
2203 m 
Railway stations
Mettupalayam
Wellington station
Aruvankadu station
Ketti station
Lovedale station
Udhagamandalam

The 'Nilgiri Passenger' train covers a distance of 26 km (16.2 mi),[2] travels through 208 curves, 16 tunnels,[2] and across 250 bridges.[2] The uphill journey takes around 290 minutes (4.8 hours), and the downhill journey takes 215 minutes (3.6 hours) It has the steepest track in Asia with a maximum gradient of 8.33%.[2]

Mettupalayam Station

Station with the 5 ft 6 in (1,676 mm) (Indian Gauge) line from Coimbatore Junction. Passengers cross the platform to board the Nilagiri Passenger train (NMR). There is a small locomotive shed here and also the carriage workshops for the line.

Nilgiri Mountain Railway Stationed At Mettupalayam

Leaving Mettupalayam, the line is adhesion worked and actually drops for a short distance before crossing the Bhavani River, after which it starts to climb gently.

Kallar Station

Closed as a passenger station, this is where the rack rail begins. As the train leaves the station, the gradient is 1 in 12 (8.33%).

Adderly Station

Closed as a passenger station but is still a water stop.

Hillgrove Station

Block post and water stop, also has refreshments for passengers.

Runneymede Station

Closed as a passenger station but is still a water stop.

Kateri Road Station

Closed as a passenger station, trains do not stop here.

Coonoor Station

Main intermediate station on the line at site of the locomotive workshops as well as the top end of the rack rail. Trains must reverse a short distance before continuing their climb to Ooty. It is normal for the locomotive to be changed here with diesel traction, being normal for all trains to Ooty.

Lovedale Station

From a short distance before Lovedale, the line descends into Ooty.

In popular culture

In the UK, the BBC made a series of three documentaries[5] dealing with Indian Hill Railways, with the NMR being featured in the second programme shown in February 2010. (The first film covers the Darjeeling-Himalayan Railway and the third the Kalka-Shimla Railway.) The films were directed by Tarun Bhartiya, Hugo Smith and Nick Mattingly, and produced by Gerry Troyna. The series won the UK Royal Television Society Award in June 2010.[6]

Coonoor station was one of two used as locations in David Lean's film A Passage to India. [7] You can also see Coonoor station and its heritage locomotive in many of the Indian films. Wellington station always finds a place in most of the films casting the Indian army or army training storyline mainly due to the MRC Indian Army Regiment, Defence Services Staff College, the Cantonment and the Cordite Factory.

Ketti station was used as the location in a Malayalam film Summer in Bethlehem Lovedale station is very picturesque and has featured in many popular films including the famous Tamil hit, Moonram Pirai. The famous Hindi song Chaiyya Chaiyya from the film "Dil Se" featuring Shahrukh Khan was shot on the roof top of NMR. Ooty station has featured in many of the Tamil and other South Indian language films. It is also prominently featured in some of the Bollywood films.

See also

References

  1. ↑ "Mountain Railways of India". UNESCO. Retrieved 1 March 2010.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Indian Hill Railways: The Nilgiri Mountain Railway (TV). BBC. 21 February 2010. Retrieved 1 March 2010.
  3. ↑ NMR added as a World Heritage Site
  4. ↑ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VubpqN_6LWQ
  5. ↑ "Indian Hill Railways". BBC. Retrieved 28 February 2010.
  6. ↑ "Documentary on Hill railways of India bags UK award". Express India. Retrieved 19 September 2010.
  7. ↑ http://www.mapability.com/travel/p2i/coonoor.html

External links

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Coordinates: 11°20′40″N 76°47′31″E / 11.344317°N 76.791945°E / 11.344317; 76.791945

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