North Pole, Alaska

North Pole
City

An aerial view of North Pole, looking north, with the Tanana River to the southwest of it

Flag
Motto: Where the Spirit of Christmas Lives Year Round

Location within Fairbanks North Star Borough and the state of Alaska
Coordinates: 64°45′04″N 147°21′07″W / 64.75111°N 147.35194°W / 64.75111; -147.35194
Country United States
State Alaska
Borough Fairbanks North Star
Incorporated January 15, 1953
Government
 • Type Home rule city
 • Mayor Bryce J. Ward[1]
 • Borough mayor Karl Kassel
 • State senator John Coghill (R)
 • State rep. Tammie Wilson (R)
Area
 • Total 4.2 sq mi (10.9 km2)
 • Land 4.2 sq mi (10.9 km2)
 • Water 0.0 sq mi (0.0 km2)
Elevation 482 ft (147 m)
Population (2010)[2]
 • Total 2,117
 • Density 508.0/sq mi (196.2/km2)
Time zone Alaska (AKST) (UTC-9)
 • Summer (DST) AKDT (UTC-8)
ZIP code 99705
Area code 907
FIPS code 02-55910
GNIS feature ID 1407230
Website www.northpolealaska.com

North Pole, a suburb of Fairbanks (located to the southeast of Fairbanks), is a small city in the Fairbanks North Star Borough, Alaska, United States. It is part of the Fairbanks, Alaska metropolitan statistical area. As of the 2010 United States Census, the city had a population of 2,117.[2]

Description

Frequently photographed "Welcome to North Pole" sign at the eastern end of Fifth Avenue, near its intersection with the Richardson Highway.

The name "North Pole" is often applied to the entire area covered by its zip code, 99705. This area stretches between Fort Wainwright and Eielson Air Force Base, and between the Chena River and the Tanana River, including subdivisions off of Badger Road, a loop road connecting the eastern edge of Fairbanks city limits with North Pole city limits, and in the nearby census-designated place of Moose Creek. Despite the name, the city is about 1,700 miles (2,700 km) south of Earth's geographic North Pole.

The city is a summertime attraction for tourists visiting nearby Fairbanks and, due to its location on the Richardson Highway, those traveling to and from the Alaska Highway and Valdez. North Pole is home to two oil refineries, the town's major industry aside from tourism. The larger refinery, operated by Flint Hills Resources, is a major source of jet fuel for Ted Stevens Anchorage International Airport. Tanker car traffic on the Alaska Railroad, entering and leaving the refinery, frequently bisects the city.

Its biggest attraction is a gift shop named Santa Claus House, the modern-day incarnation of a trading post established in the town's early days. The Santa Claus House is known for the world's largest fiberglass statue of Santa Claus outside.

While the real North Pole has no terra firma many travelers discovered this town as an ideal way to finally visit the home of Santa Claus. This revelation made this small town in Alaska a must visit during the holidays causing the town to create more and more Santa Claus themed attractions. Many elaborate ideas have been brought up from some of the country's largest amusement park companies however nothing ever came to fruition.

Prior to Christmas each year, the USPS post office in North Pole receives hundreds of thousands of letters to Santa Claus, and thousands more from people wanting the town's postmark on their Christmas greeting cards to their families. It advertises the ZIP code 99705 as the ZIP code of Santa. A community program also responds to letters addressed to 1 Santa Claus Lane.[3]

Christmas-themed streets in North Pole include Santa Claus Lane, St. Nicholas Drive, Snowman Lane, and Kris Kringle Drive. Street lights in the city are decorated in a candy cane motif, and many local businesses have similar decorations. The city's firetrucks and ambulances are all red, while the police cars are green and white. The city also has an all-female flat-track Roller Derby league, the North Pole Babes in Toyland (NPBT) whose athletes have Christmas and/or North Pole inspired Skater names.

North Pole has some of the least expensive residential real estate in Alaska; the median home price there is $211,184.[4]

History

Main exit to North Pole off the Richardson Highway. Badger Road, a loop road off the Richardson between Fairbanks and North Pole, was named for Harry Markley Badger (1869-1965), a pioneer Fairbanks resident who established a farm along the road. Inside North Pole city limits, the road becomes Santa Claus Lane, one of many Christmas-themed streets in the city.

The Richardson Highway south of Fairbanks led to an assortment of subdivided and unsubdivided homesteads between Ladd Field and 26 Mile Field in the 1940s and 1950s.

The area that formed the central city of North Pole was homesteaded in 1944 by Bon V. and Bernice Davis. Their son, T. Neil Davis, wrote Battling Against Success in 1997, a fictionalized account of homestead life. The Alaska Railroad established a siding on the Davis homestead as part of its spur line to Eielson Air Force Base, naming the siding Davis. This name would temporarily become associated with the fledgling settlement.

In 1952, Dahl and Gaske Development Company purchased the Davis homestead, subdivided it, and renamed it North Pole, in hopes of attracting a toy manufacturer to the area. The City of North Pole was incorporated on January 15, 1953 from portions of the Davis homestead and the adjacent homestead of James Ford. Ford was named the first mayor, with Everett Dahl serving on the first city council.

Another member of that first council was Conrad B. Miller. Miller, who came to Fairbanks in 1949, opened a trading post along the highway in 1952.[5] The business became known as the Santa Claus House, and has evolved over the years into the current roadside attraction.[5] The business was also home to North Pole's first post office, serving in that capacity for almost 20 years. Another trading post in the community was operated by Lucius Cunningham and his family. The town was mostly centered around these two businesses until the 1970s, when the current four-lane Richardson Highway was built, bypassing Davis Subdivision, which was effectively its downtown.

The Earth Resources refinery (currently operated by Flint Hills Resources) began operations in August 1977. It is connected to the Trans-Alaska Pipeline System by several feeder pipelines operated by Golden Valley Electric Association, mostly following along the Laurence Road section line. The years which followed the pipeline's construction saw the construction of the North Pole Plaza, a large enclosed shopping mall along the Richardson Highway. A standalone high school and increased subdivision development in previously rural areas immediately outside of the city would follow before the real estate market temporarily collapsed during the 1980s.

An interchange was constructed along the Richardson, where the highway intersects with the eastern end of Badger Road and the northern end of Santa Claus Lane, during the early 1990s. In the late 2000s, the northern portion of Santa Claus Lane was rebuilt to accommodate three consecutive roundabouts, serving the interchange and a nearby frontage road intersection. Another interchange was constructed on the Richardson at Dawson Road, at the far eastern edge of city limits. These improvements eliminated a number of at-grade access points to the Richardson, which had accumulated a decades-long history of serious accidents.

On April 22, 2006, police arrested several students at North Pole Middle School for allegedly plotting a school shooting, much along the lines of the Columbine High School massacre.[6] Death in Santaland, a TV documentary about the town and the foiled school shooting plot, was made by the British journalist Jon Ronson and broadcast on the television channel More 4 in 2007.

The city government has had an often contentious history. A past mayor, Jeff Jacobson, was criticized for maintaining his full-time mayor's job while at the same time working full-time as a teacher at North Pole Middle School. In 2004, he sent a letter (and a lump of coal) to U.S. Senator John McCain about a comment he made regarding why the city's "elves" needed money for a recreation project that he considered a pork barrel project.[7]

The current mayor of North Pole is Bryce Ward, whose current term ends in 2015.[8] The city council consists of six members serving staggered three-year terms, with municipal elections held each October.[9]

In 2014, Americans for Prosperity quickly pulled an ad campaign in Alaska, after Koch Industries closed the Flint Hills Resources Refinery in North Pole.[10] The refinery is being closed due to environmental remediation costs.[11]

Geography

North Pole is located at 64°45′04″N 147°21′07″W / 64.75111°N 147.35194°W / 64.75111; -147.35194 (64.751048, -147.351969).[2] It is situated 13 miles (21 km) to the southeast of Fairbanks on the Richardson Highway. The city is about 1,700 mi (2,700 km) south of Earth's geographic North Pole.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 4.2 square miles (11 km2), of which, 4.2 square miles (11 km2) of it is land and 0.04 square miles (0.10 km2) of it (0.47%) is water. The city is located to the north and east of the Tanana River, though access to the river is not easily made due to the extensive system of levees. Beaver Springs Slough meanders through the heart of the city, emptying into Chena Slough.

Climate

Temperatures in North Pole are heavily affected by the amount of sunlight with almost no lag effect from solar radiation. North Pole's Santa Claus House is actually closed during the week in January and February due to extreme cold in those months. Due to being landlocked and protected by mountain ranges from marine influences, North Pole, much like the rest of the Alaskan Interior, sees much greater seasonal temperature swings than areas along the coast such as Anchorage, with winters that can dip to many tens of degrees below zero F with average lows remaining below 0 from November 5 to March 18, and summers that see many days in the 70s, 80s, and on occasion, even 90s F.

Climate data for North Pole, Alaska
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °F (°C) 50
(10)		 49
(9)		 60
(16)		 76
(24)		 86
(30)		 95
(35)		 90
(32)		 90
(32)		 77
(25)		 74
(23)		 50
(10)		 47
(8)		 95
(35)
Average high °F (°C) −1
(−18)		 10
(−12)		 27
(−3)		 45
(7)		 61
(16)		 71
(22)		 73
(23)		 66
(19)		 54
(12)		 31
(−1)		 9
(−13)		 3
(−16)		 37.4
(3)
Average low °F (°C) −17
(−27)		 −12
(−24)		 −1
(−18)		 19
(−7)		 35
(2)		 47
(8)		 51
(11)		 44
(7)		 33
(1)		 15
(−9)		 −7
(−22)		 −14
(−26)		 16.1
(−8.7)
Record low °F (°C) −67
(−55)		 −59
(−51)		 −52
(−47)		 −32
(−36)		 6
(−14)		 22
(−6)		 31
(−1)		 21
(−6)		 −1
(−18)		 −41
(−41)		 −51
(−46)		 −62
(−52)		 −67
(−55)
Average precipitation inches (mm) 0.51
(13)		 0.50
(12.7)		 0.26
(6.6)		 0.36
(9.1)		 0.67
(17)		 1.57
(39.9)		 2.33
(59.2)		 2.02
(51.3)		 1.13
(28.7)		 0.99
(25.1)		 0.74
(18.8)		 0.75
(19)		 11.83
(300.4)
Source: [12]

Demographics

Historical population
Census Pop. %±
1960358—
1970265−26.0%
1980724173.2%
19901,456101.1%
20001,5707.8%
20102,11734.8%
Est. 20142,178[13]2.9%
U.S. Decennial Census[14]
The Santa Claus of North Pole, Alaska

As of the 2000 United States Census,[15] there were 1,570 people, 605 households, and 381 families residing in the city. The population density was 373.6 people per square mile (144.3/km²). There were 653 housing units at an average density of 155.4 per square mile (60.0/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 80.96% White, 5.67% Black or African American, 3.57% Native American, 2.61% Asian, 0.45% Pacific Islander, 1.15% from other races, and 5.61% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 3.76% of the population.

There were 605 households out of which 38.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 47.9% were married couples living together, 11.4% had a female householder with no husband present, and 26.9% were non-families. 26.9% of all households were made up of individuals and 4.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.58 and the average family size was 3.19.

In the city the population was spread out with 29.8% under the age of 18, 13.2% from 18 to 24, 33.3% from 25 to 44, 18.5% from 45 to 64, and 5.2% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 29 years. For every 100 females there were 110.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 115.2 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $44,583, and the median income for a family was $54,583. Males had a median income of $32,917 versus $27,240 for females. The per capita income for the city was $21,426. About 6.2% of families and 8.7% of the population were below the poverty line, including 9.0% of those under age 18 and 22.6% of those age 65 or over.

Politics

North Pole is the most Republican-leaning area in the Fairbanks North Star Borough. In 2008, House District 11, which comprises the North Pole area, gave John McCain 7,736 votes (78.4% of the total) compared with 1,924 votes (19.5%) for Barack Obama. In the 2010 gubernatorial election, Republican Sean Parnell received 5,727 votes (76.8%) to Democrat Ethan Berkowitz's 1,451 votes (19.5%). Republican Joe Miller received 57.3% of North Pole's vote in his failed bid against incumbent Lisa Murkowski's write-in campaign.

Education

The city is located in the Fairbanks North Star Borough School District. North Pole Elementary School, North Pole Middle School and North Pole High School are located in city limits. The middle and high schools also share an attendance area with students from Badger Road Elementary, Ticasuk Brown Elementary and Two Rivers Elementary.[16]

Notable residents

The Santa Claus House is a local landmark.

References in popular culture

References

  1. ↑ 2015 Alaska Municipal Officials Directory. Juneau: Alaska Municipal League. 2015. p. 115.
  2. 1 2 3 "US Gazetteer files: 2010, 2000, and 1990". United States Census Bureau. February 12, 2011. Retrieved April 23, 2011.
  3. ↑ https://about.usps.com/news/state-releases/ak/2011/ak_2011_1108.htm
  4. ↑ "Alaska Homes For Sale By City". Alaska Real Estate Trends. RealEstate.com. Retrieved January 28, 2013.
  5. 1 2 "Santa's 'hood gets busy for the holidays". Anchorage Press. December 13, 2012.
  6. ↑ "6 Alaska Students Held in Alleged Plot to Attack School". The Washington Post. Associated Press. April 23, 2006.
  7. ↑ Rice, Dan "Mayor of North Pole chides McCain over his elves comment". Fairbanks Daily News-Miner. Juneau Empire. February 4, 2004.
  8. ↑ Mayor's Office, City of North Pole, Alaska at WebCite (archived 23 December 2012)
  9. ↑ City Council, City of North Pole, Alaska at WebCite (archived 23 December 2012)
  10. ↑ DeMarban, Alex (February 18, 2014). "Americans for Prosperity pulls political ads after Koch brothers' Alaska refinery shuts down". www.alaskadispatch.com. Alaska Dispatch. Retrieved February 19, 2014.
  11. ↑ "Alaska pushing to keep Flint Hills Resources refinery open". www.bizjournals.com. Wichita Business Journal. February 19, 2014. Retrieved February 20, 2014.
  12. ↑ "weather.com". Retrieved December 1, 2013.
  13. ↑ "Annual Estimates of the Resident Population for Incorporated Places: April 1, 2010 to July 1, 2014". Retrieved June 4, 2015.
  14. ↑ "Census of Population and Housing". Census.gov. Retrieved June 4, 2015.
  15. ↑ "American FactFinder". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved January 31, 2008.
  16. ↑ http://webdev.northstar.k12.ak.us/index.php?i_page=177
  17. ↑ "Biography - Eliesha Gabrielle Nelson". elieshanelson.com. Retrieved April 24, 2012.
  18. ↑ http://www.hockeydb.com/ihdb/stats/pdisplay.php?pid=129834

Further reading

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to North Pole, Alaska.
Wikivoyage has a travel guide for North Pole, Alaska.

Coordinates: 64°45′04″N 147°21′07″W / 64.75111°N 147.35194°W / 64.75111; -147.35194

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