List of Christmas dishes
An oven-roasted brine-soaked turkey.
This page is a list of Christmas dishes as eaten around the world. These food items are traditionally eaten at or associated with the Christmas season.
Albania
- Traditional Albanian pumpkin and walnut pie – Byrek me kungull dhe arre
This is a traditional Albanian pie cooked usually on Christmas Eve, especially in Catholic families. The ingredients are wheat flour, pumpkin, walnuts, vegetable oil (if fasting is considered) or butter, a pinch of salt and black pepper. Sometimes oregano is added. The pastry layers are traditionally homemade, filled with baked pumpkin mixture, which contains butter, salt and pepper. On top of the mixture, chopped walnuts are sprinkled. Layers are then folded up, put on a flat baking dish in a circular shape and baked. It makes a very delicious and light side dish for Christmas or any other occasion.
Argentina
Vitel toné
- Vitel toné[1][2][3]
- Turrón[3][4]
- Pan dulce[5]
- Asado (beef, chicken, calf, lamb, suckling pig)[6][7][8][9]
- Cider (apple, pineapple) and sparkling wine[3][8]
- Budín[7][8]
- Salads[3][7]
- Pionono[3][10]
- Matambre[10]
- Lengua a la vinagreta[10][11]
- Garrapiñadas[7][8][11]
- Waldorf salad[3]
- Sandwiches de miga[11]
Australia
Candy Cane can be hung as edible decorations.
- White Christmas, a sweet slice made of copha and mixed fruit
- Cold ham and cold turkey[12]
- Seafood and salads[12]
- Roast chicken, ham and turkey[12]
- Stuffing[13]
- Christmas cake or Christmas pudding[12]
- Custard
- Gingerbread in Christmas shapes
- Christmas damper - in wreath or star shape, served with butter, jam, honey or golden syrup. Made in the Australian bush in the 19th century.[14]
- lollies, such as rocky road; rum balls; candy canes
- Champagne[15]
- Trifle
- Pavlova[13]
- Prawns
- Mince pie
Belgium
- Cougnou (with various like cougnolle), sweet bread in the form of the infant Jesus[16]
Brazil
- Lombo à Califórnia - pork loins
- Rabanada - French toast
- Pernil - roast pork
- Peru - roast turkey
- Ham
- Bacalhau - codfish
- Brazil nut
- Arroz à grega
- Potato Salad
- Panettone
- Crème caramel
- Mousse
- Cider
- Grape Juice
- Wine
Canada
Gingerbread house
- Apple cider
- Bûche de Noël
- Butter tarts
- Candy canes
- Christmas pudding
- Satsumas
- Doughnuts
- Eggnog
- Fruitcake
- Gingerbread, often in the form of a Gingerbread house or Gingerbread man
- Mixed nuts in the shell and spiced nuts
- Tourtière (pâté à la viande and Saguenay-Lac-Saint-Jean varieties)
- Pumpkin pie
- Mince pie
- Roasted turkey
- Shortbread
- Stuffing
- Trifle
- Mashed Potatoes
Chile
Pan de pascua
- Cola de mono - (literally, "monkey's tail") A Chilean Christmas beverage, with aguardiente, milk, coffee, and flavoured with vanilla and cloves[17]
- Pan de Pascua - Chilean Christmas sponge cake flavoured with cloves and with bits of candied fruits, raisins, walnuts and almonds.[18]
- Roasted turkey
- Ponche a la romana - Eggnog-style beverage made of champagne and pineapple-flavoured icecream.
Colombia
Colombian Buñuelos
Colombian natilla
Colombian Christmas dishes are mostly sweets and desserts. Some of the most popular dishes include:
- Buñuelos
- Natilla
- Manjar blanco
- Hojaldres
- Brevas dessert with cheese
- Christmas cookies
- Sweet bread filled with fruits like raisins and raspberries.
Cuba
- Crema De Vie - Cuban eggnog, made with condensed milk, rum, sugar syrup, lemon rind, cinnamon, and egg yolk.
- Majarete - corn pudding made with coconut milk, fresh corn, cornstarch, milk, water, vanilla, cinnamon and sugar
- Platillo Moros y Cristianos
- Lechon asado
- Turrón
Czech Republic
Christmas cookies (vánoční cukroví)
- Vánoční rybí polévka - Christmas fish soup
- Carp
- Potato salad with mayonnaise, hard-boiled eggs and boiled vegetables
- Vánoční cukroví - Christmas cookies
- Fruitcake
- Gingerbread
The traditional meal (served as dinner on Christmas Eve) consists of either fish soup or pea soup and fried fish (traditionally carp) served with potato salad. The recipe for potato salad differs slightly among every Czech family. The main ingredients are: potato cooked with jacket, canned peas, onions, cooked carrots, parsley and celery, pickled gherkins, cooked eggs and mayonnaise. Some families may add grated apples or salami. The best potato salad is prepared a day before Christmas Eve so that all the ingredients can "mellow" for a day. The Christmas dinner should be the first food consumed that day. Those who do not break the Christmas shrove are believed to be able to see a golden pig on a wall.
Before the Christmas holidays, many kinds of sweet biscuits are prepared. The Christmas cookies are then served during the whole Christmas period and exchanged among friends and neighbours. Very popular is also a preparation of small ginger breads garnished by sugar icing.
Denmark
Danish Christmas meal
Main article: Danish cuisine
- Æbleskiver - traditional Danish spherical pancakes (a type of doughnut with no hole), sprinkled with powdered sugar and served with raspberry or strawberry jam
- Roasted chestnuts with salt and butter
- boiled whole potatoes
- Brun sovs (brown sauce) - a traditional dark gravy, used to cover meat dishes like roasted pork and duck (flæskesteg, andesteg) and the boiled potato
- Brunede kartofler - caramelised potatoes
- Julebryg - Christmas beer[19]
- gløgg - mulled red wine combined with spices, sugar, raisins and chopped almonds typically served warm.
- risalamande - rice pudding. A dish made from rice, whipped cream and almonds, served cold with cherry sauce (kirsebærsauce)[20][21]
- Flæskesteg - roast pork with cracklings
- Andesteg - roast duck with apple and prune stuffing
- Rødkål - red cabbage pickled, sweet-sour red cabbage served hot as a side dish
- Christmas cookies - Vaniljekranse, klejner, jødekager, pebernødder, honningkager og finskbrød.
- Konfekt, marzipan, caramelised fruits, nougat and chocolate-covered nuts.
Dominican Republic
- Moro de guandules con coco - rice with pigeon peas and coconut milk
- Ensalada verde - Iceberg lettuce, onions, cucumber and tomatoes salad
- Russian potato salad
- Macaroni salad
- Pasteles de hojas - a root tamales recipe and Christmas tradition adopted from Puerto Rico
- Pig roast
- Pollo al horno - roasted chicken
- Telera - Dominican bread similar to Mexican telera
Drinks:
- Anís del Mono - a Spanish anise-flavored liquor that's very popular around Christmas time
- Eggnog - with rum rather than brandy
- Jengibre - ginger tea is popular all over the Caribbean on Christmas (except Cuba and Puerto Rico). It is traditionally served hot with cinnamon
- Red wine
Desserts:
- Vaniljekranse - classic Christmas butter cookies from Denmark
- Fruit platter - consists of oranges, apples, bananas, grapes, and mangos.
Finland
Main article: Cuisine of Finland
Christmas smorgasbord from Finland, "Joulupöytä", (translated "Yule table"), a traditional display of Christmas food[22] served at Christmas in Finland, similar to the Swedish smörgåsbord, including:
- Christmas ham with mustard (almost every family has one for Christmas)
- Freshly salted salmon (gravlax graavilohi) and whitefish graavisiika
- Pickled herring in various forms (tomato, mustard, matjes or onion sauces)
- Lutefisk and Béchamel sauce[22]
- Whitefish and pikeperch
- Potato casserole[22] (sweetened or not, depending on preference)
- Boiled potatoes
- Carrot casserole[22]
- Rutabaga casserole (lanttulaatikko)[22]
- Various sauces
- Assortment of cheese, most commonly (leipäjuusto) and Aura (aura-juusto)
- Christmas bread, usually sweet bread (Joululimppu)
- Karelian pasties, rice pasties, served with egg-butter (Karjalanpiirakka)
Other meat dishes could be:
- Karelian hot pot, traditional meat stew originating from the region of Karelia (Karjalanpaisti)
Desserts:
- Rice pudding or rice porridge topped with cinnamon, sugar and cold milk or with mixed fruit soup (riisipuuro)
- Gingerbread,[22] sometimes in the form of a gingerbread house or gingerbread man (piparkakut)
- Mixed fruit soup or prune soup, kissel (sekahedelmäkiisseli, luumukiisseli)
Drinks:
- Glogg or mulled wine (glögi)
- Christmas beer (Jouluolut); local manufacturers produce Christmas varieties[23]
- "Home beer" (non-alcoholic beer-like drink, similar to the Russian beverage kvass) (kotikalja)
France
Foie gras en cocotte
- Oysters[24]
- Foie gras[24]
- Smoked salmon
- Crêpes (Brittany)[25]
- chapon (roasted chicken)
- dinde aux marrons (chestnut-stuffed turkey)
- Ganzeltopf (goose) (Alsace)[24]
- Bûche de Noël.[26]
Kouglof
- Kouglof (Alsace)
- Thirteen desserts (Provence):[24] The thirteen desserts are the traditional Christmas dessert in the French region of Provence. The Christmas supper ends with 13 dessert items, representing Jesus Christ and the 12 apostles. The desserts are traditionally set out Christmas Eve and remain on the table three days until December 27.[27]
- * Walnut
- * Quince cheese[27]
- * Almond
- * Raisin
- * Calisson of Aix-en-Provence
- * Nougat blanc
- * Nougat noir au miel
- * Apple
- * Pear
- * Orange
- * Winter melon
- * Fougasse (Provençal bread)
Germany
A Christmas Stollen
- Christstollen[28] Stollen is a fruitcake with bits of candied fruits, raisins, walnuts and almonds and spices such as cardamom and cinnamon; sprinkled with confectioners sugar. Often there's also a core of marzipan.[29]
- Pfefferkuchenhaus - a gingerbread house decorated with candies, sweets and sugar icing (in reference to the gingerbread house of the fairy tale Hänsel and Gretel)
- Printen[30]
- Oblaten Lebkuchen
- Springerle
- Weihnachtsplätzchen (Christmas cookies)
- Carp
- Roast goose
- Venison - e.g. meat of roe deer usually served with red cabbage, brussels sprout and lingonberry sauce
- Herring salad - salad of pickled or soused herring, beetroot, potatoes, apple
- Kartoffelsalat (potato salad) with Wurst (sausages) is traditionally eaten in northern Germany for supper on Christmas Eve
- Schäufele (a corned, smoked ham) usually served with potato salad in southern Germany for dinner on Christmas Eve.
- Weisswurst - sausages with veal and bacon, usually flavored with parsley, lemon, mace, onions, ginger and cardamom
- Feuerzangenbowle
- Glühwein (hot spiced wine)
Guatemala
- Tamales
- Ponche (Christmas fruit punch served hot with lots of fruits)
- pavo (Turkey)
- Buñuelos (Fluffy sweet dessert made with corn with maple syrup)
- Chicken (Prepared with different stuffings and accompanied with various side dishes such as salads or rice)
Hong Kong
Hungary
Töltött káposzta
- Fish soup (halászlé) various recipes
- Stuffed cabbage (töltött káposzta)
- Roast goose
- Roast duck
- Pastry roll filled with walnut or poppy seed (bejgli)
- Bread pudding with poppy seed (mákos guba or bobájka)
- Szaloncukor
Iceland
Möndlugrautur
- Hamborgarhryggur, a smoked, cured pork roast.
- Ptarmigan, gamebird in the grouse family.
- Hangikjöt
- Oven-roasted turkey
- Möndlugrautur - a Christmas rice pudding with an almond hidden inside (the same as the Swedish Julgröt)
- Caramelised potatoes, Icelandic. Brúnaðar kartöflur (same as in Danish cuisine).
- Pickled red cabbage
- Smákökur - small cookies of various sorts
- Laufabrauð - round, very thin flat cakes with a diameter of about 15 to 20 cm (6 to 8 inches), decorated with leaf-like, geometric patterns and fried briefly in hot fat or oil.
India
Christianity is not a major festival of India, but Christians in India celebrate Christmas by enjoying several dishes, such as Allahabadi cake, Candy canes, etc. Some of the popular dishes eaten during Christmas in India are:-
- Allahabadi cake.[31]
- Christmas cake - a type of fruit cake.[32]
- Mathri - a traditional flaky biscuit.
- Gulab Jamun - A traditional sweet prepared with khoa.
- Jalebi
- Kheer Boiled rice cooked with milk, sugar, saffron and is garnished with nuts such as almonds and pistachios. It can also be made with barley.
- Chhena Poda - A dessert made with Chhena (cottage cheese) which is slightly roasted and soaked in sugar syrup. It is garnished with cashew nuts and served. Chhena Poda is popular in the Odisha state of India. It is eaten during the Christmas season but is available throughout the year.
- chocolates
- dumplings- dumplings filled with Indian spices with a sweet or savoury filling.
- tarts
- Neureos - a kind of dumpling made of semolina, khoa and nutlet.
- roast chicken
- Bebinca- A dessert popular in Goa which is eaten during Christmas season.
- Biryani
- Stew- Stews prepared with chicken, mutton, fish.
- candy canes
- Aloo Dum
- Pork vindaloo- A spicy goan curry with pork made during Christmas.
- Fruits, such as apple, orange, guava.
- Christmas cookies
- doughnuts
- mixed nuts
- mashed potato
- cupcakes
- drinks, such as cider, ginger ale, etc.
- apple pie
- breadsauce
Church services are also held in churches throughout India, in which Christmas dinners are held which include dishes such as Allahabadi cake, candy canes, christmass cookies
Italy
Main article: Italian cuisine
- Panettone (Milan)[33][34]
- Pandoro (Verona)[35]
- Panforte (Tuscany)[36]
- Prosecco (Veneto)[37]
- Spumante (Piedmont)[38]
- Struffoli (Naples)
- Pastiera (Naples)
- Duck a L'Orange
- Tortellini in brodo (Emilia Romagna)
Jamaica
- Christmas (fruit) cake or black cake - a heavy fruit cake made with dried fruit, wine and rum.
- sorrel - often served to guests with Christmas cake; Sorrel is made from the same sepals as Latin American drink "Jamaica," but is more concentrated and usually flavored with ginger. Adding rum is traditional at Christmas time.
- Curry goat
- Rice and peas - a Sunday staple, at Christmas dinner is usually made with green (fresh) gungo (pigeon) peas instead of dried kidney beans or other dried legumes.
- Christmas ham
- Chicken
Japan
- Christmas cake - Different from a UK Christmas cake or American fruitcake, the Japanese style Christmas cake is often a white cream cake, sponge cake frosted with whipped cream, topped with strawberries and with a chocolate plate that says Merry Christmas,[39] though yule logs are also available.
- KFC fried chicken - With turkey as a dish being virtually unknown in Japan[40] the popularity of this item at Christmas is such that orders are placed as much as two months in advance.[41]
Lithuania
- Twelve-dish Christmas Eve supper - twelve dishes representing the twelve Apostles or twelve months of the year - plays the main role in Lithuanian Christmas tradition. The traditional dishes are served on December 24.
Malta
- Panettone from the Italian tradition
- fruit cake
- Christmas log a log (similar to a tree's) that is made from chocolate and candied fruits
Mexico
Christmas roast
- pavo - Stuffed, roasted turkey served with gravy.
- Ensalada de Noche Buena - Christmas Eve salad
- Russian potato salad - Side dish to turkey, particularly popular in northern states.
- Bacalao - clipfish or cod, traditionally eaten in the central and southern states of Mexico.
- Romeritos - also a Christmas tradition of the central region, romeritos are small green leaves of a particular type mixed generally with mole and potatoes; generally accompanied with "tortitas de camarón" (shrimp bread)
- Tamales - Tamales can sometimes replace the traditional turkey or Bacalao with romeritos, particularly in northern and southern parts of Mexico.
- Menudo - A Christmas morning tradition in northwestern states, menudo is a tripe and hominy soup, not to be confused with southern 'panzita'. Menudo is often prepared the night before (Christmas Eve) as its cooking time can take up to 5 hours.
- Ponche Navideño - a hot, sweet drink made with apples, sugar cane, prunes and tejocotes. For grown-ups, ponche is never complete without its "piquete" - either tequila or rum
- Pineapple upside-down cake - Turned-over cake with cherries and pineapples.
- Glazed ham - Ham glazed with honey or sugar with cherries and pineapples on top.
- Pozole- Mexican soup
- Champurrado-Mexican hot chocolate
- Atole
- Bunuelos
- Capirotada
- Rompope
- Pan dulce
New Zealand
A homemade Christmas pavlova decorated with pomegranate seeds and Chantilly cream.
- Pavlova
- Sausages
- Ham
- Turkey
- Strawberries
- Christmas Pudding
- Christmas mince pies
- Wine
- Chocolate
- Trifle
- Brandy Snaps
- Potato Salad
Norway
Scandinavian-style gingerbread
- Akevitt - Akvavit, a spirit flavored with spices like caraway and aniseed
- Gløgg - mulled wine
- Julepølse - Pork sausage made with powdered ginger, cloves, mustard seeds and nutmeg. Served steamed or roasted.
- Lutefisk - fish preserved with lye that has been washed and boiled
- Pinnekjøt/Pinnekjøtt - salted, dried, and sometimes smoked lamb's ribs which are rehydrated and then steamed, traditionally over birch branches
- Svineribbe - pork ribs roasted whole with the skin on, rather than spare ribs
- Julegrøt - Christmas rice porridge with an almond hidden inside
- Julebrus - is a Norwegian soft drink, usually with a festive label on the bottle. It is brewed by most Norwegian breweries, as a Christmas drink for minors.
- Sossiser - small Christmas sausages
- Medisterkaker - large meatballs made from a mix of pork meat and pork fat
- Raudkål/Rødkål - sweet and sour red cabbage, as a side dish
- Kålrabistappe/Kålrotstappe - Purée of rutabaga, as a side dish
- Peparkake/Pepperkake - gingerbread-like spice cookies flavoured with black pepper
- Lussekatter - St. Lucia Buns with saffron
- Multekrem – A dessert consisting of cloudberries and whipped cream
Panama
- Arroz con Pollo
- Tamales
- Ham
- Turkey
- Grapes
- Fruit cake
- Egg nog
- Potato salad
- Pan de Rosca
- Pan Bon
Paraguay
Philippines
Large bibingka from the Philippines
- Ham[42]
- Queso de bola (edam cheese)[42]
- Puto bumbong - a purple-coloured Filipino dessert made of sweet rice cooked in hollow bamboo tubes placed on a special steamer-cooker. When cooked, they are spread with margarine and sprinkled with sugar and grated coconut.[43]
- Bibingka - traditional dessert made with rice flour, sugar, clarified butter and coconut milk. baked in layers and topped with butter and sugar.[43]
- Lechon
- Salads(either fruit, coconut or garden)
- Pancit - Filipino style noodle dish made with sliced meat and vegetables
- Morcon
- Mechado
- Caldereta
Poland
12 dishes are served as a reminder of the 12 Apostles on Christmas Eve, 24 December. Polish people don't eat meat on this day, instead they choose from variety of fish and vegetable dishes. The meal begins when the first star is seen.
- barszcz (beetroot soup) with uszka (small dumplings) - a classic Polish Christmas starter.
- Pierogi with sauerkraut and forest mushrooms; filled with cottage cheese and potatoes
- Zupa rybna - fish soup
- Żurek - soup made of soured rye flour and meat
- Zupa grzybowa - mushroom soup made of various forest mushrooms
- Bigos - savory stew of cabbage and meat
- Kompot - traditional drink a light, refreshing drink most often made of dried or fresh fruit boiled in water with sugar and left to cool and infuse.
- Gołąbki - cabbage rolls
- Pieczarki marynowane - marinated mushrooms
- Kartofle gotowane - simple boiled potatoes sparkled with parsley or dill
- Kulebiak - with fish or cabbage and wild mushrooms filling
- Ryba smażona or ryba po grecku - fried fish laid under lyers of fried shreded carrots, onions, root celery and leek
- Sałatka jarzynowa - salad made with boiled potatoes and carrots with fresh peas, sweetcorn, dill cucumber, and boiled egg, mixed with mayonnaise.
- Łamaniec - type of flat and rather hard pancake that is soaked in warm milk with poppy seeds. Eaten in eastern regions such as around * Białystok
Portugal
Bolo-Rei
- Bacalhau – codfish
- Cabrito assado - roasted goat
- Borrego assado - roasted lamb
- Polvo cozido - boiled octopus
- Carne de Vinha d' Alhos - Mainly served in Madeira - Pork dish
- Bolo de mel - Mainly served in Madeira - Cake made with molasses
- Bolo Rei (king cake) - a beautifully decorated fluffy fruitcake
- Bolo-Rei escangalhado (broken king cake) - it is like the first one, but has also cinnamon and chilacayote jam (doce de gila)
- Bolo-Rainha (queen cake) - similar to Bolo-Rei, but with only nuts, raisins and almonds
- Bolo-Rei de chocolate - it is like the Bolo-Rei, but has less (or no) fruit, nuts, chilacayote jam and lots of chocolate chips
- Broa castelar - a small, soft and thin cake made of sweet potato and orange
- Fatias douradas - golden slices, known as french toast - slices of pan bread, soaked in egg with sugar, fried and sprinkled with powdered sugar and cinnamon
- Rabanadas - they are like fatias douradas, but made with common bread
- Formigos - a delicious dessert made with sugar, eggs, pieces of bread, almonds, port wine and powdered with cinnamon
- Filhós / Filhozes / Filhoses - depending on the region, they may be thin or fluffy pieces of a fried dough made of eggs, honey, orange, lemon, flour and anise, sprinkled - or not with icing sugar
- Coscorões - thin squares of a fried orange flavoured dough
- Azevias de grão, batata-doce ou gila - deep fried thin dough pastries filled with a delicious cream made of chickpea, sweet potato or chilacayote, powdered with sugar and cinnamon
- Tarte de amêndoa - almond pie
- Tronco de Natal - Christmas log - a delicious Swiss roll, resembling a tree's trunk, filled with chocolate cream, decorated with chocolate and mini - 2 cm Christmas trees
- Lampreia de ovos - a sweet made of eggs, well decorated
- Sonhos - an orange flavoured fried yeast dough, powdered with icing sugar
- Velhoses - they are like the sonhos, but made with pumpkin
- Bolo de Natal - Christmas cake
- Pudim de Natal - Christmas pudding, similar to flan
- Vinho quente - eggnog made with boiled wine, egg yolk, sugar and cinnamon
- Turkey - On the island of Terceira, turkey has recently taken over as the traditional Christmas dish over Bacalhau, due to the influence of American culture on the island, home to the United States Air Force's 65th Air Base Wing.
Puerto Rico
- Arroz con gandules - yellow-rice and pigeon peas with olives, capers, and pieces of ham.
- Ensalada de pulpo - octopus salad
- Escabeche - boiled green bananas and chicken gizzards in Puerto Rican style escabeche.
- Macaroni salad - with tuna and peppers
- Morcilla
- Pasteles
- Pasteles de guineo
- Pasteles de yucca
- Pastelón - sweet plantain "lasagna".
- Pig roast - Puerto Rico is famous for their pig roast. It is also a part (along with arroz con gandules) of there national dish
- Potato salad - made with chorizo and hard-boiled eggs.
Drinks:
- Coquito - Puerto Rican spiced coconut eggnog.
- Piña colada
- Rum punch - dark or light rum, pineapple rum, orange liqueur, grenadine, ginger ale, grapefruit juice served with lemon and lime slices.
- La Danza - Champagne with passion fruit juice, orange liqueur, lime juice, lemon juice, and strawberry juice.
Dessert:
- Arroz con dulce - coconut rice pudding with spices and raisins.
- Bread pudding - soaked in coconut milk and served with a guava rum sauce.
- Dulce de cassabanana - musk cucumber cooked in syrup topped with walnuts and sour cream on the side.
- Dulce de papaya con queso Boricua - spiced papaya candy in heavy syrup served with Puerto Rican white cheese.
- Flancocho - Crème caramel with a layer of cream cheese and Puerto Rican style spongecake underneath.
- Majarete - rice and coconut custard, made of coconut milk, milk, rice flour, sugar, and vanilla or sour orange leaves with cinnamon served on top.
- Rum cake
- Tembleque - a pudding made with cornstarch and coconut milk.
- Turrón - Sesame brittle or almond brittle
- Mantecaditos - Puerto Rican short bread cookies. Made with shortening, coconut butter, flour, almond flour, vanilla, nutmeg and almond extract. They are usually filled with guave jam or pineapple jam in the middle.
Romania
Cozonac
- Piftie - pork and beef based aspic, with pork meat, vegetables and garlic
- Cârnaţi - pork-based sausages
- Tobā - various cuttings of pork, liver boiled, diced and "packed" in pork stomach like a salami
- Sarmale - rolls of cabbage pickled in brine and filled with meat and rice (see sarma)
- Cozonac, sort of Romanian equivalent of panettone
- Strong spirits:
- * Palinka
- * Rachiu
- * Ţuică
Serbia
Main article: Serbian cuisine
- Fish soup for Christmas Eve
- Koljivo - boiled wheat which is used liturgically in the Eastern Orthodox and Greek-Catholic churches
- Česnica - Christmas soda bread with a silver coin to bring health and good luck baked in the bread
Spain
- Jamón (Spanish Dry-Cured Ham)
- Meat
- Roasted turkey
- Roasted lamb
- Seafood
- Langostinos - (king prawn)
- Shrimp
- Lobster
- Crab
- Gilt-head bream
- Sweets
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Turrón- Turrón
- Yema - egg-based dessert
- Mantecados and polvorones - crumbly cakes
- Marzipan, almond cakes
- King cake known as roscón de Reyes in Spanish and tortell in Catalan.
- Churros [44]
Sweden
Julbord Christmas dinner in Sweden
- Julbord[45] - Christmas smorgasbord ("Christmas table"), a catch-all term for all the dishes served during Christmas Eve:
- Köttbullar - Swedish meatballs
- Julskinka - Christmas ham
- Dopp i grytan ("dipping in the kettle") - dipping bread slices in the ham broth after boiling the Christmas ham.[46]
- Prinskorv - small hot dog sausages
- Fläskkorv - big pork sausage
- Isterband - smoked fresh pork sausage
- Revbensspjäll - spare ribs
- Inlagd sill - pickled herring (usually of different types)
- Gravad lax - lox
- Janssons frestelse ("Jansson's Temptation") - warm scalloped potato casserole with anchovies
- Vörtlimpa - Swedish rye bread with grated orange peel made for Christmas, with or without raisins.
- Knäckebröd - dry crisp bread
- Rödkål - sweet and sour red cabbage, as a side dish
- Grönkål - sweet and sour kale as a side dish
- Smörgåstårta - a sandwich cake made with creamy fillings (mainly involving salmon and vegetables)
- Brunkål ("brown cabbage")- cabbage flavoured with syrup hence the name
- Rödbetor - sliced beet root
- An array of cheeses - bondost, herrgårdsost, prästost, mesost (hard goat milk cheese)
- Lutfisk[47] - Lye-fish (whitefish) that has been boiled served with white gravy
- Julmust - a traditional, very sweet, stout-like, Christmas soft drink, originally intended as an alternative to alcohol beverage called Mumma
- Glögg - mulled wine
- Knäck - Christmas toffee
- Pepparkakor (Gingerbread) - brown cookies flavoured with a variety of traditional Christmas spices
- Julost - Christmas cheese
- Julgröt - Christmas rice pudding with an almond hidden inside
- Lussekatter - Saint Lucy saffron buns.
Trinidad and Tobago
In Trinidad and Tobago traditional meals consists of generous helpings of baked ham, pastelles, black fruit cake, sweet breads, along with traditional drinks such as sorrel, ginger beer, and ponche de crème. The ham is the main item on the Christmas menu with sorrel to accompany it.[48]
Christmas ham
Sorrel
Pastelles also known as Hallacas
Ponche de crème a version of eggnog
Black Cake
Sweetbread
United Kingdom and Ireland
Main article: British cuisine
Christmas pudding
In the United Kingdom, what is now regarded as the traditional meal consists of roast turkey with cranberry sauce, served with roast potatoes and parsnips and other vegetables, followed by Christmas pudding, a heavy steamed pudding made with dried fruit, suet, and very little flour. Other roast meats may be served, and in the nineteenth century the traditional roast was goose. The same carries over to Ireland with some variations.
- Brandy butter
- Bread sauce
- Brussels sprouts[49]
- Chocolate yule log
- Christmas cake
- Christmas ham - Usually a honey or marmalade glazed roast or boiled gammon joint.
- Christmas pudding[50]
- Dundee cake, traditional Scottish fruit cake
- Mince pies[51]
- Nut roast (a popular vegetarian alternative)
- Pigs in a blanket - Chipolata sausages wrapped in bacon
- Roast turkey[51]
- Roast beef
- Roast duck
- Roast goose
- Roast pheasant
- Roast potatoes - roasting with goose or duck fat is becoming more popular[52]
- Spiced beef traditionally served in ireland
- Stuffing
- Trifle[53]
- Tunis Cake
United States
Roast turkey
- Apple cider
- Boiled custard
- Candy canes
- Champagne, or sparkling apple cider
- Chocolate fudge
- Christmas cookies
- Cranberry sauce
- Eggnog
- Fish as part of the Feast of the Seven Fishes
- Fruitcake
- Gingerbread, often in the form of a gingerbread house or gingerbread man
- Christmas ham
- Hot buttered rum
- Hot chocolate
- Mashed potato
- Mixed nuts
- Oyster stew, composed of oysters simmered in cream or milk and butter.
- Persimmon pudding
- Pie
- Prime Rib
- Plum pudding
- Russian tea cakes
- Tamales
- Tom and Jerry
- Roast turkey, less often roast duck, goose, or pheasant
- Stuffing, also known as dressing, particularly in the Southern U.S.
See also: Thanksgiving (the dishes tend to be similar)
Venezuela
Hallaca
- Hallaca - rectangle-shaped meal made of maize, filled with beef, pork, chicken, olives, raisins and caper, and wrapped in plantain leaves and boiled to cook.
- Pan de jamón - ham-filled bread with olives and raisins and often sliced cheese.
- Dulce de lechosa - dessert made of cooked sliced unripe papaya in reduced sugar syrup
- Ensalada de gallina - salad made of potato, carrot, apple and shredded chicken (hen usually home or locally raised as opposed to store bought chicken)
- Pernil[54] - Commonly referred to as "Muchacho" - roast pork shoulder
See also
References
- ↑ "Receta del Vitel Thoné de Argentina" (in Spanish). SaborGourmet.com. November 9, 2011. Retrieved 25 December 2012.
- ↑ "Vitel toné" (in Spanish). Clarín.com. June 16, 2005. Retrieved 25 December 2012.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 "Juicio a la mesa de Navidad: los platos típicos tienen el doble de calorías y cuestan 70% más" (in Spanish). Clarín.com. December 21, 2012. Retrieved 25 December 2012.
- ↑ "Navidad y los excesos en las comidas" (in Spanish). Cocineros Argentinos. Retrieved 25 December 2012.
- ↑ "El abecé del mejor pan dulce" (in Spanish). Clarín.com. December 19, 2012. Retrieved 25 December 2012.
- ↑ "Dos extraños al frente del asado de Navidad" (in Spanish). Clarín.com. January 3, 2012. Retrieved 25 December 2012.
- 1 2 3 4 "Canasta navideña cuesta $281 pesos según informe del ISEPCI" (in Spanish). Momarandu.com. December 22, 2012. Retrieved 25 December 2012.
- 1 2 3 4 "Calcule cuánto cuesta su canasta navideña" (in Spanish). Lanacion.com. December 21, 2012. Retrieved 25 December 2012.
- ↑ "Comida navideña con sabor solidario" (in Spanish). Larioja.com. December 26, 2012. Retrieved 25 December 2012.
- 1 2 3 4 "Mesa navideña: cada año el mismo dilema" (in Spanish). Diario Popular. December 16, 2012. Retrieved 25 December 2012.
- 1 2 3 "El sándwich de miga encarece la mesa navideña" (in Spanish). La Gaceta. December 9, 2012. Retrieved 25 December 2012.
- 1 2 3 4 "Christmas season celebrations in Australia". Culture and Recreation.gov.au. Retrieved 2007-03-12.
- 1 2 "Santa's Net: Recipes". Santas.net. Retrieved 24 December 2011.
- ↑ "Christmas Damper from Australia". Santas.net. Retrieved 24 December 2011.
- ↑ http://latrobetimes.blogs.latrobe.edu.au/2015/01/15/typical-aussie-christmas-top-5-things-you-didnt-know/
- ↑ Florence Fadier-Rotsaert. "Thème: Histoire de rond et de cougnou" (in French). Retrieved 2007-03-09.
- ↑ Missy Wombat. "Cola De Mono (Tail of the Monkey)". Recipezaar.com. Retrieved 24 December 2011.
- ↑ Blazes, Marian. "Chilean Holiday Fruitcake - Pan de Pascua". southamericanfood.about.com. Retrieved 24 December 2011.
- ↑ "Danish food and drink". University of Southern Denmark. Archived from the original on 2007-02-05. Retrieved 2007-03-12.
- ↑ "Rice pudding". Archived from the original on 2006-09-25. Retrieved 2007-03-09.
- ↑ "Christmas in Europe, Where's Santa?". SourceWire. 2005-12-13. Retrieved 2007-03-09.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 "Christmas cookbook". thisisFINLAND. Retrieved 2007-03-12.
- ↑ "Jouluoluet testissä - Ruoka.fi". Ruoka.fi (in Finnish). 2012-11-29. Retrieved 2016-05-06.
- 1 2 3 4 "French Christmas: It's all about the food". Expatica. Retrieved 2007-03-12.
- ↑ about.com, Noël in Provence Christmas traditions and recipes from Provence. Retrieved August 30, 2007.
- ↑
- 1 2 "Christmas traditions in Provence". Provenceweb.fr. Retrieved 24 December 2011.
- ↑ Klaus Stahl/Chris Cave (2006). "It's all Napoleon's Fault - The success story of the Aachen Printe". Retrieved 2008-01-06.
- ↑ "German Christmas Recipes 2". German.about.com. Retrieved 24 December 2011.
- ↑ Linda Stradley (2004). "History of Stollen, Dresden Stollen". Retrieved 2007-03-09.
- ↑ "Cakewalk in Allahabad - Times Of India". Articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com. 2013-12-15. Retrieved 2014-02-13.
- ↑ "Getting the Christmas cake mix right - Times Of India". Timesofindia.indiatimes.com. 2013-12-14. Retrieved 2014-02-13.
- ↑ "Christmas in Italy". The Worldwide Gourmet. Retrieved 2007-03-09.
- ↑ Nicole Martiche (16 November 2006). "The legend of Panettone". Retrieved 2007-03-09.
- ↑ http://www.lifeinitaly.com/christmas/panettone-pandoro
- ↑ http://www.turismo.intoscana.it/site/en/local-products/Christmas-in-the-kitchen-Tuscan-delicacies-on-the-table/
- ↑ http://www.browsingitaly.com/italian-food-and-drinks/wine/christmas-italy-means-bollicine/1213/
- ↑ http://www.browsingitaly.com/italian-food-and-drinks/wine/christmas-italy-means-bollicine/1213/
- ↑ Kahle, Lynn R.; Chʻung-hyŏn Kim (2006). Creating Images and the Psychology of Marketing Communication. Routledge. p. 48. ISBN 0-8058-5216-6.
- ↑ "An Introduction to Christmas Traditions". BBC. 2005-12-23. Retrieved 2010-12-24.
- ↑ Whipp, Lindsay (2010-12-20). "All Japan Wants for Christmas is Kentucky Fried Chicken". Financial Times. Retrieved 2010-12-24.
- 1 2 Burgos, Rowena (2007-12-23). "Yuletide fusion of flavors". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Retrieved 2008-12-06.
- 1 2 Galang, Diana A. (2007-12-09). "Culturefront: Christmas Culinary Traditions (Part 1)". Manila Bulletin. Retrieved 2008-12-06.
- ↑ Mama's Box - Online Spanish food Shop. "The definitive guide to Spanish Christmas food, in 20 delicious & easy recipes". Retrieved 2015-12-10.
- ↑ "Julmat - Allt som tillhör ett gott julbord en riktig god julmiddag". Ninasmat.se. Retrieved 24 December 2011.
- ↑ "Tips på recept på Dopp-i-grytan". Matklubben.se. Retrieved 24 December 2011.
- ↑ "Lutfisk med senapssås". Ica.se. Retrieved 24 December 2011.
- ↑ National Library of Trinidad and Tobago. "CHRISTMAS IN TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO". Retrieved 2015-10-20.
- ↑ Ulrike Schroedter. "Christmas in Britain". Retrieved 2007-03-09.
- ↑ "Christmas food shopping uncovered". BBC News. 2001-12-17. Retrieved 2007-03-12.
- 1 2 "Christmas? What a waste!". BBC News. 2005-12-13. Retrieved 2007-03-09.
- ↑ BBC. "Roast Potatoes Recipe".
- ↑ http://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/wordofmouth/2012/dec/18/how-to-eat-trifle
- ↑ "Pernil (Roast Pork)". The Rican Chef. Retrieved 24 December 2011.
External links
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