List of dried foods

Various dried foods in a dried foods store

An electric food dehydrator with mango and papaya slices being dried

Drying is a method of food preservation that works by removing water from the food, which inhibits the growth of bacteria and has been practiced worldwide since ancient times to preserve food. Where or when dehydration as a food preservation technique was invented has been lost to time, however the earliest known practice of food drying is 12,000 BC by inhabitants of the modern Middle East and Asia regions.^[1]

Dried foods

Processed foods

B

various bouillon cubes

• Bouillon cube – dehydrated bouillon (French for broth) or stock formed into a small cube about 15 mm wide. It is typically made by dehydrating vegetables, meat stock, a small portion of fat, salt and seasonings and shaping them into a small cube. Vegetarian and vegan types are also made.
• Instant breakfast – typically refers to breakfast food products that are manufactured in a powdered form, which is generally prepared with the addition of milk and then consumed as a beverage.^[2][3] An example includes Carnation Instant Breakfast, which was introduced in 1964.^[4]

C

• Instant coffee – a beverage derived from brewed coffee beans. Instant coffee is commercially prepared by either freeze-drying or spray drying, after which it can be rehydrated. Instant coffee in a concentrated liquid form is also manufactured.^[5]

E

• Eggs – Powdered eggs are fully dehydrated eggs. They are made using spray drying in the same way that powdered milk is made. Powdered eggs have a storage life of 5 to 10 years when stored without oxygen in a cool storage environment.^[6] Another dried egg product is freeze-dried eggs, which can be shelf-stable for up to 25 years.

F

• Freeze-dried ice cream – ice cream that has had most of the water removed from it by a freeze-drying process, sealed in a pouch, and requires no refrigeration.

• 

  Instant coffee

• 

  freeze-dried eggs can be shelf stable for up to 25 years

• 

  Evaporated milk

• 

  Freeze-dried ice cream, neapolitan flavor

J

• Edible jellyfish – is often salt cured, creating a dried finished product.^[7][8]

K

• Knorr – a German food and beverage brand. It produces dehydrated soup mixes and condiments.
• Kashk – is used in a large family of foods found in Lebanese, Palestinian, Egyptian, Kurdish, Iranian and Central Asian cuisine. It is made from drained sour milk or yogurt by forming it and letting it dry. It can be made in a variety of forms, including rolled into balls, sliced into strips, and formed into chunks.

M

• Marvel (food) – a United Kingdom brand of dried milk powder, now marketed by Premier Foods.
• Evaporated milk – a shelf-stable canned milk product with about 60% of the water removed from fresh milk. It differs from sweetened condensed milk, which contains added sugar.
• Powdered milk – a manufactured dairy product made by evaporating milk to dryness. In modern times, powdered milk is usually made by spray drying^[9] nonfat skimmed milk, whole milk, buttermilk or whey. Pasteurized milk is first concentrated in an evaporator to approximately 50% milk solids. The resulting concentrated milk is then sprayed into a heated chamber where the water almost instantly evaporates, leaving fine particles of powdered milk solids.

N

• Non-dairy creamer – liquid or granular substances intended to substitute for milk or cream as an additive to coffee or other beverages.
• Instant noodles – dried, cooked noodles usually sold with packets of flavoring powder and/or seasoning oil. Instant ramen is a very common type of instant noodle product.

O

• Oatmeal – including instant oatmeal such as Quaker Instant Oatmeal.

P

• Portable soup – a kind of dehydrated food used in the 18th and 19th centuries. It was a precursor of the later meat extract and bouillon cubes, and of industrially dehydrated food.

• 

  Powdered milk

• 

  Instant ramen noodles

• 

  Reconstituted instant ramen noodles

S

• Instant soup – some instant soups consist of a packet of dry soup stock that does not contain water, and are prepared by adding water and then heating the product for a short time, or by adding hot water directly to the dry soup mix.
• Sugar – Granulated sugar is typically produced by separating and then drying the sugars present in various plants, such as sugar cane and sugar beet.

Plant foods

Dried fruit

Dried fruit is fruit from which the majority of the original water content has been removed either naturally, through sun drying, or through the use of specialized dryers or dehydrators. Dried fruit has a long tradition of use dating back to the fourth millennium BC in Mesopotamia, and is prized because of its sweet taste, nutritive value, and long shelf life.

A

Dried apple

• Apple chips
• Dried apple – can be eaten dried or reconstituted (soaked in water, alcohol or some other liquid) for later use.
• Dried apricot – – can be dried either whole or in halves, with or without kernels.

B

• Banana chip – dried or deep-fried slices of bananas, they're commonly found in Indonesia (as kripik) and India.
• Black lime – a spice used in Middle Eastern dishes made by boiling fresh lime in salt water and sun drying until the insides turn black.

• 

  Apricots drying on the ground in Turkey

• 

  Dried banana chips

• 

  Dried, ground Persian black lime

C

Chenpi drying in the sun in Hong Kong

• Coconut – can be dried whole or halved. A common product is coconut that has been dried and shredded.
• Chenpi – sun-dried tangerine (mandarin) peel used as a traditional seasoning in Chinese cooking and traditional medicine.
• Dried cherry – cherries which have been subjected to a drying process.
• Dried cranberry – made by partially dehydrating fresh cranberries, a process similar to making grapes into raisins. They are popular in trail mix, salads, and breads, with cereals or eaten on their own.

D

• Dates  – date palm fruit can be dried. This is often performed by sun-drying.

F

• Dried fig – The "common fig" (Ficus carica) is a species of flowering plant in the genus Ficus, from the family Moraceae, known as the common fig. Dried fig is used in food products such as fig rolls.

G

• Goji – the fruit of Lycium barbarum, goji is usually sold in open boxes and small packages in dried form, and are traditionally cooked before consumption.

• 

  Dried coconuts

• 

  Dried cranberries

• 

  Dried figs

• 

  Dried goji berries

L

• Li hing mui – salty dried plum. In most parts of China it is called huamei. It was made popular in Hawaii by Yee Sheong, who, in early 1900, had begun importing Li hing mui and various other preserved fruits i.e. crack seed snacks from China to Hawaii. The red powder, called "li hing powder", consists of ground-up plum skin that has previously been pickled in a combination of licorice, aspartame, food coloring, salt, and sugar.
• Lycium barbarum – one of two species of boxthorn in the family Solanaceae (the other is (Lycium chinense) from which the wolfberry or goji berry is harvested, it is also known as Chinese wolfberry,^[10] The fruit is preserved by drying them in full sun on open trays or by mechanical dehydration employing a progressively increasing series of heat exposure over 48 hours.
• Lycium chinense – one of two species of boxthorn in the family Solanaceae from which the wolfberry or goji berry is harvested, the other being Lycium barbarum.

• 

  Lycium barbarum

• 

  Red li hing mui sold in Maui, Hawaii

• 

  Packaged li hing powder found in Hawaii

M

• Mangoes  – The fruit of the mango tree can be dried. The Philippines produces and exports dried mangoes.

India popularly produces 'amchur' or dry mango as whole or powder, popularly used in pickles and masala.

N

• Nuts are classified as a fruit. In a culinary context, a wide variety of dried seeds are often called nuts, but in a botanical context, only ones that include the indehiscent fruit are considered true nuts.

P

• Pink peppercorn – a dried berry of the shrub Schinus molle, commonly known as the Peruvian peppertree. In 1982, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) of the United States banned the import of Brazilian peppercorns from France into the US, asserting that people who eat the berries risk an array of acute symptoms, such as swollen eyelids and indigestion. In response, the Government of France maintained that the berries are safe to eat if grown in prescribed conditions.^[11] The United States later lifted the ban.
• Prune – any of various plum cultivars, mostly Prunus domestica or European Plum, sold as fresh or dried fruit. More than 1,000 cultivars of plums are grown for drying.
• Papaya –

R

A variety of raisins from different grapes

• Raisin – a dried grape, raisins are produced in many regions of the world and may be eaten raw or used in cooking, baking and brewing.
• Ristra – an arrangement of drying chili pepper pods, used to preserve chili peppers and also for decoration.

• 

  A dried prune

• 

  Ristras of jalapeños, other chili peppers, and garlic at a market in Montreal.

S

Sun-dried tomatoes

• Saladitos – dried, salted plums, which can also be sweetened with sugar and anise or coated in chili and lime.
• Sun-dried tomato – ripe tomatoes that lose most of their water content after spending a majority of their drying time in the sun. These tomatoes are usually treated with sulfur dioxide or salt before being placed in the sun in order to improve quality.^[12]

T

• Traditional dried fruit – types of dried fruits that are either sun-dried, such as raisins and dried figs, or dehydrated in wind tunnels and other dryers, such as dried plums (prunes), apricots and peaches. It also includes dates, which are considered to be dried fruit because they have naturally low moisture contents.^[13]

Dried vegetables

Many types of dried and dehydrated vegetables exist, such as potatoes, beans, snap beans, lima beans, leafy vegetables, carrot, corn and onion.^[14][15]

C

• Chuño – a freeze-dried potato product traditionally made by Quechua and Aymara communities of Bolivia and Peru,^[16] and is known in various countries of South America, including Argentina, Bolivia, Chile and Peru.

P

• Potatoes – Instant mashed potatoes are potatoes that have been through an industrial process of cooking, mashing and dehydrating to yield a packaged convenience food that can be reconstituted in the home in seconds by adding hot water and/or milk, producing a close approximation of mashed potatoes with very little expenditure of time and effort. Another product is dehydrated shredded potatoes.
• Purple carrot is an innovative product that has recently been developed due to its nutritional properties.^[17][18]

V

• Vegetable chips – some versions are prepared by simply drying sliced vegetables

• 

  Chuño

• 

  Dehydrated shredded potatoes

• 

  Deep-fried cassava chips, a type of vegetable chip

Dried seeds

Dry common beans

• Beans – "bean" is a common name for large plant seeds used for human food or animal feed of several genera of the family Fabaceae (alternately Leguminosae). The term is sometimes used as a synonym of pulse, though the term pulses is usually reserved for leguminous crops harvested for their dry grain. Dried beans include kidney beans, black turtle beans, pinto beans and several others.
• Grain – Hundreds of millions of tonnes of wheat, corn, soybean, rice and other grains as sorghum, sunflower seeds, rapeseed/canola, barley, oats, etc., are dried in grain dryers.^[19] In the main agricultural countries, drying comprises the reduction of moisture from about 17–30%w/w to values between 8 and 15%w/w, depending on the grain. The final moisture content for drying must be adequate for storage. Additional grains include lentils, wild rice, chick peas, millet and several others.
• Maize – Some varieties of maize (usually called 'corn' in American English) are dried to produce popcorn. Popcorn kernels with a high moisture content will pop when freshly harvested, but not well and are also susceptible to mold when stored. For these reasons, popcorn growers and distributors dry the kernels until they reach the moisture level at which they expand (pop) the most when cooked. Dried maize is also used for decoration purposes.
• Rice – the seed of the monocot plants Oryza sativa (Asian rice) or Oryza glaberrima (African rice), As a cereal grain, it is the most widely consumed staple food for a large part of the world's human population, especially in Asia. Unmilled rice is usually harvested when the grains have a moisture content of around 25%, and drying has to be carried out quickly to avoid the formation of molds. There are four major categories of rice worldwide: indica, japonica, aromatic and glutinous.
• Wild rice – four species of grasses forming the genus Zizania, and the grain which can be harvested from them. Wild rice is typically sold as a dried whole grain.

• 

  Beans at a market

• 

  Grains at a market

• 

  Carnaroli, an Italian variety of rice

• 

  Wheat

Fungi

Dried mushrooms

• Dried mushrooms – typically prepared by sun-drying, hot-air drying or freeze-drying.^[20] Some types of mushrooms that are prepared dried include shiitake, straw^[20] and morel mushrooms.^[21]
• Baker's Yeast
• Mushroom extract – a paste-like, concentrated extract made from dried edible mushrooms.^[21] Mushroom extract is used to add flavor to soups, sauces, soy sauce and other foods.^[21]

Animal foods

Dried fish and seafood

Drying fish is a method of food preservation that works by removing water from the fish, which inhibits the growth of microorganisms. Open-air drying using sun and wind has been practiced since ancient times to preserve food.^[22] Fish are also preserved through such traditional methods as smoking and salting.^[23]

B

Flattened fish drying in the sun in Madagascar

• Bacalhau – the Portuguese word for cod and—in a culinary context—dried and salted cod. Bacalhau dishes are common in Portugal and Galicia, in the northwest of Spain, and to a lesser extent in former Portuguese colonies like Angola, Macau, Brazil, and Goa.
• Balyk – salted and dried soft parts of fish, usually coming from large valuable species: acipenseridae (e.g., sturgeon) or salmonidae (salmon).
• Bokkoms – whole, salted and dried mullet (more specifically the Southern mullet, Liza richardsonii, a type of fish commonly known in the Western Cape of South Africa as "harders"),^[24][25] and is a well-known delicacy from the West Coast region of South Africa.
• Boknafisk – a variant of stockfish and is unsalted fish partially dried by sun and wind on drying flakes ('hjell') or on a wall. Boknafisk is mostly associated with North Norway, but it is eaten along the entire Norwegian coast down to Bergen.
• Budu (sauce) – a sauce traditionally made by mixing anchovy and salt in the range of ratio of 2:1 to 6:1 and then fermenting for 140 to 200 days.

C

• Dried clam ^[26]
• Conpoy – a type of dried seafood product made from the adductor muscle of scallops.^[27]
• Craster kipper – kippers from the Northumberland village of Craster.

D

Dried shrimp for sale near Bến Thành Market, Saigon

• Dried and salted cod – or "salt cod", is cod which has been preserved by drying after salting. Cod which has been dried without the addition of salt is stockfish.
• Dried shredded squid – a dried, seasoned, seafood product, made from squid or cuttlefish, commonly found in coastal Asian countries, Russia, and Hawaii.
• Dried shrimp – are shrimp that have been sun-dried and shrunk. They are used in many Asian cuisines, imparting a unique umami taste.

• 

  Boknafisk drying on hjells in Norway

• 

  Salted and dried cod, produced in Norway

• 

  Commercially prepared dried shredded squid

F

• Fesikh – a traditional Egyptian fish dish consisting of fermented salted and dried gray mullet, of the mugil family, a saltwater fish that lives in both the Mediterranean and the Red Seas.^[28]

G

Gwamegi

• Gwamegi – a Korean half-dried Pacific herring or Pacific saury made during winter. It is mostly eaten in the region of North Gyeongsang Province such as Pohang, Uljin, and Yeongdeok where a large amount of the fish are harvested.

J

• Juipo – a traditional Korean pressed fish jerky sold as a street snack. Made from the filefish, it is dried, flattened and seasoned and has a subtle sweet flavor.

K

• Katsuobushi – the Japanese name for dried, fermented, and smoked skipjack tuna (Katsuwonus pelamis).
• Kipper – a whole herring, a small, oily fish,^[29] that has been split in butterfly fashion from tail to head along the dorsal ridge, gutted, salted or pickled, and cold smoked over smouldering woodchips (typically oak).
• Kusaya – a Japanese style salted-dried fish and fermented fish. Though the smell of kusaya is strong, its taste is quite mellow.

• 

  Katsuobushi shavings from a package

• 

  Kippered "split" herring

• 

  Bottled kusaya from Niijima

M

• Maldive fish – cured tuna fish traditionally produced in Maldives. It is a staple of the Maldivian cuisine, as well as of the Sri Lankan cuisine, and in the past it was one of the main exports from Maldives to Sri Lanka.
• Mojama – a Spanish delicacy consisting of filleted salt-cured tuna, made using the loins of the tuna.
• Mackerel is dried in Greece, Turkey and Cyprus and is called as "çiroz" in Turkey.

O

• Octopus – can be dried to preserve it.^[30][31]

• 

  Mojama

• 

  Octopus being sun-dried in Greece

P

• Piracuí – known in the Amazon region as "farinha de peixe" (fish meal), it is traditionally made from dried salted fish that is crushed or shredded.

S

A stockfish warehouse in the village of Forsøl, Norway

• Sanyaa – a type of dried fish prepared by the Newars.
• Shũṭki (শুঁটকি) or Shũṭki machh (শুঁটকি মাছ)  – sun-dried fish or shrimp as prepared in Bangladeshi cuisine and Bengali cuisine in general.
• Stockfish – unsalted fish, especially cod, dried by cold air and wind on wooden racks on the foreshore, called "hjell".

T

• Tatami Iwashi – a Japanese processed food product made from baby sardines or shirasu laid out and dried while entwined in a single layer to form a large mat-like sheet.

V

• Vobla – salt-dried vobla is a common Russian meal or snack that goes well with beer. It is popular in many Russian households and beer restaurants.

• 

  Salt-dried vobla, served with beer

Dried meats

Dried meat is a feature of many cuisines around the world.

A

• Apohtin – a traditional Cypriot dried food made by salted goat meat.^[32]

B

Chinese bakkwa (sweet meat jerky) made from pork

• Bacon – Some forms of bacon are dried, such as freeze-dried bacon.
• Bakkwa – a Chinese salty-sweet dried meat product similar to jerky. Bakkwa is made with a meat preservation and preparation technique originating from China.^[33]
• Bayonne ham – an air dried salted ham that takes its name from the ancient port city of Bayonne in the far South West of France, a city located in both the cultural regions of Basque Country and Gascony. Jambon de Bayonne has PGI status. It is a slightly sweet, delicately flavored meat with little salt to the taste.
• Biltong – a variety of cured meat that originated in Southern Africa, various types of meat are used to produce it, ranging from beef and game meats to fillets of ostrich from commercial farms. It is typically made from raw fillets of meat.
• Black Forest ham – a variety of dry-cured smoked ham, a pork product, produced in the Black Forest region of Germany. Ham is the thigh and rump from the haunch of a pig or boar. It is the best-selling smoked ham in Europe.^[34]
• Borts – a Mongolian air-dried meat with preparation involving cutting the meat into long strips which are hung in the shade.
• Bresaola – air-dried, salted beef that has been aged two or three months until it becomes hard and turns a dark red, almost purple color. It is made from top (inside) round, and is lean and tender, with a sweet, musty smell. It originated in Valtellina, a valley in the Alps of northern Italy's Lombardy region.
• Brési – beef which has been salted, dried and smoked over a period of three months, which is made in the Department of Doubs. It resembles Grisons Buendnerfleisch, and first appears in works on gastronomy from about 1560.
• Bündnerfleisch – an air-dried meat that is produced in the canton of Graubünden, Switzerland, The main ingredient is beef, taken from the animal’s upper thigh or shoulder, the fat and the sinews being removed. Before drying, the meat is treated with white wine and seasonings such as salt, onion and assorted herbs.

• 

  freeze-dried bacon bars

• 

  Bayonne hams aging in an atmospherically-controlled storage room in Mazerolles, Béarn

• 

  Homemade beef biltong sticks

• 

  Sliced Black Forest ham

C

Country ham aging on racks

Charcuterie in Jura, France

• Cabanossi – a type of dry sausage, similar to a mild salami. It is made from pork and beef, lightly seasoned and then smoked. Two particular varieties have Protected Designation of Origin (PDO) status under the Common Agricultural Policy of European Union law. Four additional Italian regions produce capocollo, and are not covered under European law, but are designated as "Prodotto agroalimentare tradizionale" (P.A.T.) by the Italian Ministry of Agricultural, Food and Forestry Policies.
• Capicola – a traditional Italian cold cut (salume) made from dry-cured whole pork shoulder or neck.
• Carne seca – is a kind of dried beef in Mexican cuisine. In northern Mexican cuisine, particularly the states of Chihuahua and Sonora, carne seca is cooked in a dish called machaca.
• Carne-de-sol – a dish from Northeastern Brazil. It consists of heavily salted beef, which is exposed to the sun for one or two days to cure.
• Carne-seca – a kind of dried, salted meat, usually beef, in Brazilian cuisine, it's a frequent accompaniment to black beans.^[35]
• Cecina – In Spanish, cecina means "meat that has been salted and dried by means of air, sun or smoke". The word comes either from the Latin siccus (dry) or from the Celtic ciercina related to modern Spanish cierzo or northern wind. In Spain, cecina is similar to ham but is made by curing beef, horse or (less frequently) goat, rabbit, or hare. Cecina de León, which is made of the hind legs of beef, salted, smoked and air-dried in the province of León in northwestern Spain, has Protected designation of origin status.
• Charcuterie – the branch of cooking devoted to prepared meat products, such as bacon, ham, sausage, terrines, galantines, pâtés, and confit, primarily from pork.^[36] Charcuterie is part of the garde manger chef's repertoire. Originally intended as a way to preserve meat before the advent of refrigeration, they are prepared today for their flavors derived from the preservation processes.^[37]
• Charqui – a form of jerky common in South America made from dried and salted meat, originally llama where this animal roamed, but nowadays mostly beef.
• Chinese sausage – a generic term referring to the many different types of sausages originating in China.
• Chipped beef – thinly sliced or pressed salted and dried beef. Some varieties are smoked to add flavor.
• Chorizo – can be a fresh sausage, in which case it must be cooked before eating. In Europe, it is more frequently a fermented, salt-cured, smoked sausage
• Cold cut – precooked or cured meat, including dried sausages.
• Country ham – a variety of cured ham that is typically very salty. Country hams are salt-cured (and occasionally nitrite- and nitrate-cured) for one to three months.
• Culatello- a refined variety of prosciutto, made from heavier pigs, cut to a fraction of the normal prosciutto and aged, and may be cured with wine, with culatello di Zibello having PDO status.

• 

  Coppa Spécialité Corse, a variety of capicola

• 

  Cecina

• 

  Dried Chinese sausages

D

Droëwors pieces

• Droëwors – a Southern African snack food, based on the traditional, coriander-seed spiced boerewors sausage.^[38]

E

• Elenski but – a dry-cured ham from the town of Elena in northern Bulgaria and a popular delicacy throughout the country. The meat has a specific taste and can be preserved in the course of several years, owing much to the special process of making and the climatic conditions of the part of Stara Planina where Elena is located.

F

• Fenalår – In Norway, salted, dried and cured leg of lamb. Curing time is normally about three months, but the "fenalår" may be matured for a year or more. The meat is dark red to brownish, with a pronounced taste of mutton. Fenalår is a very popular dish in Norway, and is often served with other preserved food at a Christmas buffet or at Norwegian Constitution Day. Normally the meat is served as thin slices, but it is also common – at informal gatherings – to send the leg around the table with a sharp, stubby knife. The guests then slice the leg themselves. Thus, in western Norway "fenalår" is called "spikkekjøtt", literally "whittle-meat", but this name may also origin from the word "speke", "to cure".

G

• Genoa salami – an American variety of salami commonly believed to have originated in the area of Genoa. It is normally made from pork, but may also contain beef or be all beef. It is seasoned with garlic, salt, black and white peppercorns, fennel seeds, and red or white wine.

H

Csabai kolbász, a type of Hungarian sausage

• Hungarian sausages – The cuisine of Hungary produces a vast number of types of sausages. Different regions in Hungary may have their own sausage recipes and tastes. The Hungarian sausages may be boiled, fresh or dried and smoked, with different spices and flavors, "hot" or "mild".

J

• Jamón ibérico – "Iberian ham", also called pata negra and carna negra; "black hoof") is a type of cured ham produced mostly in Spain, but also in some Portuguese regions where it is called presunto ibérico. According to Spain's Denominación de Origen rules on food products, the jamón ibérico may be made from black Iberian pigs, or cross-bred pigs as long as they are at least 75% ibérico.
• Jamón serrano – a type of jamón (dry-cured Spanish ham), which is generally served in thin slices, or occasionally diced. The majority of serrano hams are made from the landrace breed of white pig and are not to be confused with the much more expensive jamón ibérico.
• Jerky – lean meat that has been trimmed of fat, cut into strips, and then dried to prevent spoilage. Normally, this drying includes the addition of salt, to prevent bacteria from developing on the meat before sufficient moisture has been removed. Modern manufactured jerky is normally marinated in a seasoned spice rub or liquid, and dried, dehydrated or smoked with low heat (usually under 70 °C/160 °F).
• Jinhua ham – a type of dry-cured ham named after the city of Jinhua, where it is produced, in the Zhejiang province of eastern China. The ham is used in Chinese cuisines to flavour stewed and braised foods as well as for making the stocks and broths of many Chinese soups.

• 

  Jamón serrano

• 

  Raw meat before dehydration into jerky

• 

  Jinhua ham

K

Kuivaliha, in the form of dried reindeer meat

• Kilishi – a version of biltong or jerky that originated in Hausaland, it's a delicacy made from cow, sheep or goat meat after the removal of bone.
• Kuivaliha – salted and dried meat, often reindeer meat. It's a traditional food and a delicacy of northern Finland, prepared at springtime.
• Kulen – a kind of highly spiced, semi-dried, smoked, cured sausage from Croatia (Slavonia) and Serbia (Vojvodina). The meat undergoes fermentation-curing as well as the air-drying.

L

• Lacón Gallego – a dried ham product from Galicia, Spain with PGI status under European law. Historically, Lacón has been mentioned in texts since at least the 17th century. Only specific breeds of pigs are used to produce the food, and The actual product is only made with the pork shoulder.
• Lahndi – a winter food popular in Northern Afghanistan, that is usually prepared from lamb and sheep, although it can also be made from beef.
• Lomo embuchado – a dry-cured meat made from a pork tenderloin. It is similar to cecina, but with pork instead of beef.
• Lountza – a meat delicacy of Cyprus of dried, smoked pork tenderloin.

M

Pork machaca, eggs and potatoes wrapped in a tortilla, served with salsa

• Machaca – a dish prepared most commonly from dried, spiced beef or pork, then rehydrated and pounded to make it tender. The reconstituted meat would then be used to prepare any number of dishes.^[39]
• Meat extract – highly concentrated meat stock, usually made from beef. It is used to add meat flavor in cooking, and to make broth for drinking. Meat extracts have largely been supplanted by bouillon cubes and yeast extract.

N

• Naegelholt is lightly salted, air-dried beef, produced in the east of the Netherlands and slightly similar to the more common smoked beef ("rookvlees") but naegelholt has a more delicate taste and is not smoked. Naegelholt means literally 'nailwood' (although 'holt' also is a nowadays unusual word for a piece of meat) and refers to the nails to which the beef was attached to dry.
• Njeguška pršuta – a specialty of Njeguši, a village in Montenegro, Njeguška pršuta is a dry-cured ham, served uncooked, similar to Italian prosciutto. It has a unique flavor that is attributed to the result of the mixture of sea and mountain air and wood burned during the drying process.^[40]

P

Pastırma being chipped, in Kastamonu, Turkey

• Pancetta – Italian bacon, it's pork belly meat that is salt cured and contains peppercorns. Associated with Italy, pancetta varies by region. It is often cubed, as lardon. It is also produced in Spain.
• Pastirma – a highly seasoned, air-dried cured beef of Anatolian origin^[41] which is now part of the cuisines of the former Ottoman countries.
• Pastrami – a popular delicatessen meat usually made from beef in Romania, and also from pork and mutton. Like corned beef, pastrami was originally created as a way to preserve meat before modern refrigeration.
• Pemmican – an historic food, pemmican is a concentrated mixture of fat and protein used as a nutritious food.
• Pepperoni – an American variety of salami, usually made from cured pork and beef.^[42][43] Pepperoni is characteristically soft, slightly smoky, and bright red in color.^[44]
• Pinnekjøtt – In Norway, a main course dinner dish of lamb or mutton.,^[45] its preparation uses a traditional method for food preservation utilizing curing, drying and in some regions also smoking.
• Pitina – an Italian cold cut with origin in the mountain valleys of Tramonti di Sopra and River Cellina of the province of Pordenone in northeastern Italy.
• Presunto – the name given to dry-cured ham from Portugal. Many varieties exist.
• Prosciutto – a dry-cured ham that is usually thinly sliced and served uncooked; this style is called prosciutto crudo in Italian and is distinguished from cooked ham, prosciutto cotto.

• 

  Packaged Pancetta

• 

  Presunto of Chaves

• 

  Prosciutto di Parma

R

Rousong

• Rousong – a dried meat product with a light and fluffy texture similar to coarse cotton, originating from Fujian, China. It also spread to Taiwan.^[46] Rousong is used as a topping for many foods, such as congee, tofu, and savory soy milk.

S

• Salami – cured sausage, fermented and air-dried meat, originating from one or a variety of animals. Historically, salami was popular among Southern European peasants because it can be stored at room temperature for periods of up to 30–40 days once cut, supplementing a possibly meager or inconsistent supply of fresh meat. Varieties of salami are traditionally made across Europe.
• Salumi – Italian cured meat products that are predominantly made from pork. It comes from the Italian word salume, pl. salumi "salted meat", derived from Latin sal "salt".^[47] The term salumi also encompasses bresaola, which is made from beef, and also cooked products such as mortadella and prosciutto cotto.
• Secca de bœuf – a type of dried salted beef made in Entrevaux. Similar to the Swiss Bindenfleisch, it is typically eaten as a starter.
• Skerpikjøt – a type of wind-dried mutton, it's a delicacy of the Faroe Islands which is traditionally eaten at Christmas but also at other times of the year.^[48]
• Slinzega – a type of air-dried meat produced in Valtellina, in the Italian Alps. It is made in a similar manner to Bresaola, with smaller pieces of meat, which therefore bear a stronger taste.
• Smithfield ham – a specific form of the country ham, A 1926 Statute of Virginia (passed by the Virginia General Assembly) first regulated the usage of the term "Smithfield Ham". Smithfield hams are a specific variety of country hams which are cured by the long-cure, dry salt method and aged for a minimum period of six months within the limits of the town of Smithfield, Virginia, United States
• Soppressata – an Italian dry salami. Two principal types are made, a cured dry sausage typical of Basilicata, Apulia^[49] and Calabria, and a very different uncured salami, native to Tuscany and Liguria.
• Speck – In parts of the English-speaking culinary world, the term "Speck" refers to Italian Speck, a type of prosciutto.^[50] Speck is also an English word meaning "fat" or "blubber", attested since the early 17th century.
• Suho meso – a smoked beef food preparation eaten in Bosnian cuisine and Serbian cuisine.
• Sukuti – the Nepali word for dry meat (jerky). Sukuti is either consumed directly or charbroiled and spiced as an appetizer or snack or mixed with other ingredients and served as side dish.

• 

  Aging salumi

• 

  Skerpikjøt is dried mutton, and is a typical food in the Faroe Islands

• 

  Smithfield ham

• 

  Smoked speck

T

• Tapa – a Philippine food made dried or cured beef, mutton or venison, although other meats or even fish may be used. It's prepared using thin slices of meat that are cured with salt and spices as a method of preserving it.
• Tsamarella – a Cypriot traditional food. It consists of meat, usually goat meat, that is salted and cured for preservation. The process of preparation traditionally involves drying in the sun.
• Tyrolean Speck – a distinctively juniper-flavored ham originally from Tyrol, an historical region that since 1918 partially lies in Italy. Tyrolean speck is made from the hind leg of the pig, and is deboned before curing in salt and one of various spice combinations, which may include garlic, bay leaves, juniper berries, nutmeg, and other spices. It's then rested for a period of several weeks, after which, the smoking process begins. It is cold-smoked slowly and intermittently for two or three hours a day for a period of roughly a week using woods such as beech at temperatures that never exceed 20 °C (68 °F). It is then matured for five months.

W

• Winter salami – a type of Hungarian salami based on a centuries-old producing tradition. Made from mangalitsa pork and spices: white pepper, allspice and others. Winter salami is cured in cold air and smoked slowly.

• 

  Tapa (at bottom)

• 

  Téliszalámi (winter salami)

See also

• Cuisine
• Cured fish
• Curing (food preservation)
• Curing salt
• Fermented fish
• Food dehydrator
• Food processing
• Freeze-drying
• List of culinary herbs and spices
• List of food origins
• List of sausages
• List of smoked foods
• Salting (food)
• Sausage making
• Shrivelling
• Smoked fish
• Smoking (cooking)

References

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43. Peery, Susan M. & Reavis, Charles G. Home Sausage Making: How-to Techniques for Making and Enjoying 100 Sausages at Home, third ed. North Adams, Mass.: Storey Publishing, 2003. ISBN 978-1-58017-471-8.
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45. Lag ditt eget pinnekjøtt og vossakorv – Apéritif
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48. Jóan Pauli Joensen, "Færøsk madkultur: En oversigt", Granskingar ráðið, The Faroese Research Council. (Danish) Retrieved 21 December 2012.
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50. Speck – Smoked Prosciutto (Mario Batali)

External links

• Media related to Dried food at Wikimedia Commons