Papal conclave, 1830–31

Papal conclave 1830–31
Coat of arms during the vacancy of the Holy See
Dates and location
14 December 1830 – 2 February 1831 Quirinal Palace, Papal States
Key officials
Dean	Bartolomeo Pacca
Sub-Dean	Pietro Francesco Galleffi
Camerlengo	Pietro Francesco Galleffi
Protopriest	Luigi Ruffo-Scilla
Protodeacon	Giuseppe Albani
Election
Vetoed	Giacomo Giustiniani
Ballots	83
Elected Pope
Bartolomeo Alberto Cappellari (Name taken: Gregory XVI)

A Papal conclave was held commencing December 14, 1830 after the death of Pope Pius VIII. It did not conclude until the February 2, 1831 election of Mauro Alberto Cappellari as Pope Gregory XVI.

Description

Initially the chief candidates included Emmanuele De Gregorio and Bartolomeo Pacca, who had been papabili in the 1829 conclave, plus Giacomo Giustiniani, who was a long-serving papal diplomat but was vetoed by King Ferdinand VII.

However, it became clear eventually that none of them could gain the support of two-thirds of the cardinals, and with Prince Klemens Wenzel von Metternich wanting a very strong Pope to hold firm against the flood of revolution haunting Europe at the time of the conclave, Giuseppe Albani intervened. He proposed Vincenzo Macchi as his candidate, but few of the other cardinals saw Macchi as suitable for the papacy. Cappellari appeared as an alternative to both De Gregorio and Macchi only when the conclave was well-advanced, but even though Albani worked against him, Cappellari eventually took the lead and won the election.

No conclave since has lasted as much as one week, but at the time no conclave had lasted less than three weeks since 1667. The conclave took as many as eighty-three ballots for anyone to gain a two-thirds majority, whereas no conclave since has taken more than fourteen.

45 of the 54 living cardinals participated, and Bartolomeo Pacca presided as Dean of the Sacred College. Cappellari, then a Camaldolese priest and prefect of the Congregatio de Propaganda Fide, was also the last Pope not yet a bishop when elected.

References

**PAPAL CONCLAVE, 1830-1831**
Duration	50 days
Number of ballots	83
Electors	45
Veto used	by Ferdinand VII of Spain against Giacomo Giustiniani
DECEASED POPE	PIUS VIII (1829-1830)
NEW POPE	GREGORY XVI (1831-1846)

Papal elections

Pope Papal selection before 1059 Papal conclave (since 1274)

11th century	1061 1073 1086 1088 1099

12th century	1118 1119 1124 1130 1143 1144 1145 1153 1154 1159 1181 1185 Oct. 1187 Dec. 1187 1191 1198

13th century	1216 1227 1241 1243 1254 1261 1264–65 1268–71 Jan. 1276 July 1276 Sept. 1276 1277 1280–81 1285 1287–88 1292–94 1294

14th century	1303 1304–05 1314–16 1334 1342 1352 1362 1370 1378 1389

15th century	1404 1406 1417 1431 1447 1455 1458 1464 1471 1484 1492

16th century	Sept. 1503 Oct. 1503 1513 1521–22 1523 1534 1549–50 April 1555 May 1555 1559 1565–66 1572 1585 Sept. 1590 Oct.–Dec. 1590 1591 1592

17th century	March 1605 May 1605 1621 1623 1644 1655 1667 1669–70 1676 1689 1691 1700

18th century	1721 1724 1730 1740 1758 1769 1774–75 1799–1800

19th century	1823 1829 1830–31 1846 1878

20th century	1903 1914 1922 1939 1958 1963 Aug. 1978 Oct. 1978

21st century	2005 2013

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