Papal election, 1185

The papal election of November 25, 1185 was a papal election convoked after the death of Pope Lucius III. It resulted in the election of Cardinal Uberto Crivelli of Milan, who took the name of Urban III.

List of participants

There were probably 26 cardinals in the Sacred College at the death of Lucius III.^[1] Basing on the countersigning of the papal bulls between November 11 and December 16, 1185^[2] the list of his electors is reconstructed as follows:

Elector	Place of birth	Cardinalatial title	Elevated	Elevator	Notes
Konrad von Wittelsbach	Bavaria	Bishop of Sabina and Archbishop of Mainz	December 18, 1165	Alexander III	Dean of the Sacred College of Cardinals
Teodino de Arrone	Arrone	Bishop of Porto e Santa Rufina	December 18, 1165	Aleksander III
Henri de Marsiac, O.Cist.	Château de Marcy, France	Bishop of Albano	March 1179	Aleksander III
Thibaud, O.S.B.Cluny	France	Bishop of Ostia e Velletri	1184	Lucius III
Alberto di Morra, Can.Reg.Praem.	Benevento	Priest of S. Lorenzo in Lucina and Chancellor of the Holy Roman Church	December 21, 1156	Adrian IV	Protopriest; future Pope Gregory VIII (1187)
Giovanni Conti da Anagni	Anagni	Priest of S. Marco	1158/1159	Adrian IV	Future bishop of Palestrina (1190-1196)
Laborante de Panormo	Pontormo near Florence	Priest of S. Maria in Trastevere	September 21, 1173	Alexander III
Uberto Crivelli	Milan	Priest of S. Lorenzo in Damaso and Archbishop of Milan	December 18, 1182	Lucius III	Elected Pope Urban III
Pandolfo	Lucca	Priest of SS. XII Apostoli	December 18, 1182	Lucius III
Albino, C.R.S.F.	Gaeta (?)	Priest of S. Croce in Gerusalemme	December 18, 1182	Lucius III	Future bishop of Albano (1189-1197)
Melior le Maitre, O.S.B.Vall.	Pisa	Priest of SS. Giovanni e Paolo	March 16, 1185	Lucius III	Camerlengo of the Holy Roman Church
Adelardo Cattaneo	Verona	Priest of S. Marcello	March 16, 1185	Lucius III	Future bishop of Verona (1188-1214)
Ardicio Rivoltella	Rivoltella near Cremona	Deacon of S. Teodoro	December 21, 1156	Adrian IV
Graziano da Pisa	Pisa	Deacon of SS. Cosma e Damiano	March 4, 1178	Alexander III
Soffredo	Pistoia	Deacon of S. Maria in Via Lata	December 18, 1182	Lucius III
Pietro Diana	Piacenza	Deacon of S. Nicola in Carcere	March 16, 1185	Lucius III
Radulf Nigellus	probably France	Deacon of S. Giorgio in Velabro	March 16, 1185	Lucius III
Rolando	Pisa	Deacon of S. Maria in Portico	March 16, 1185	Lucius III	Former bishop-elect of Dol (1177-1185)

Ten electors were created by Pope Lucius III, five by Pope Alexander III and two by Pope Adrian IV.

Absentee cardinals

Elector	Place of birth	Cardinalatial title	Elevated	Elevator	Notes
Paolo Scolari	Rome	Bishop of Palestrina	September 21, 1179	Alexander III	Archpriest of the patriarchal Liberian Basilica; future Pope Clement III (1187-1191)
Pietro de Bono, C.R.S.M.R.	Rome	Priest of S. Susanna	March 18, 1166	Alexander III
Ruggiero di San Severino	San Severino	Priest of S. Eusebio and Archbishop of Benevento	Ca. 1178/80	Alexander III	External cardinal
Guillaume aux Blanches Mains	France	Priest of S. Sabina and Archbishop of Reims	March 1179	Alexander III	Minister of State of the Kingdom of France; external cardinal
Giacinto Bobone Orsini	Rome	Deacon of S. Maria in Cosmedin	December 22, 1144	Lucius II	Protodeacon; future Pope Celestine III (1191-1198)
Bobo	Rome	Deacon of S. Angelo in Pescheria	December 18, 1182	Lucius III	Future bishop of Porto e Santa Rufina (1189-1190)
Ottaviano di Paoli	Rome	Deacon of SS. Sergio e Bacco	December 18, 1182	Lucius III	Future bishop of Ostia e Velletri (1189-1206)
Gerardo	Lucca	Deacon of S. Adriano	December 18, 1182	Lucius III	Papal Vicar of Rome; Cardinal-nephew (?) of Lucius III

Four absentees were created by Alexander III, three by Lucius III, one by Adrian IV and one by Pope Lucius II.

Death of Lucius III and the election of Pope Urban III

Pope Lucius III died at Verona on November 25, 1185 at very advanced age. On that same day, eighteen cardinals present on his deathbed started proceedings to elect his successor. Majority of them came from Northern Italy and formed a radically anti-imperial faction, while more moderate cardinals (mostly Romans) were absent.^[3] In such circumstances, Northern Italian cardinals quickly secured the election of their candidate Uberto Crivelli of Milan. He was unanimously elected within a few hours after the death of Lucius III, and took the name of Urban III.^[3] He was crowned at Verona on December 1, 1185. After his election to the papacy, he retained the administration of the metropolitan see of Milan.^[4]

Notes

↑ I.S. Robinson, p. 44 and 86
↑ Jaffé Philipp, Regesta..., p. 431-432, 492-493.
1 2 I.S.Robinson, p. 86
↑ The Catholic Encyclopedia: Pope Urban III

Sources

Jaffé, Philipp (1888). Regesta pontificum Romanorum ab condita Ecclesia ad annum post Christum natum MCXCVIII. vol. II. Leipzig.
Kartusch, Elfriede (1948). Das Kardinalskollegium in der Zeit von 1181–1227. Wien.
Robinson, Ian Stuart (1990). The Papacy, 1073–1198: Continuity and Innovation. New York: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0521264987.

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