Pha̍k-oa-chhi romanization
Pha̍k-oa-chhi (白話字) is a Latin alphabet based orthography for the Nanchang dialect of the Gan language. Pha̍k-oa-chhi is based on Pe̍h-ōe-jī for Hokkien, and it is also related to the orthographies of Pha̍k-fa-sṳ for Hakka, Bàng-uâ-cê for Fuzhou dialect and Pêh-uē-jī for Teochew dialect.
Alphabet
Consonants
| Pha̍k-oa-chhi |
Examples |
IPA |
| p |
不丙八 |
[p] |
| ph |
便坡平 |
[pʰ] |
| m |
名卯免 |
[m] |
| f |
夫火話 |
[ɸ]~[f] |
| t |
丁典丹 |
[t] |
| th |
天土大 |
[tʰ] |
| l |
乃六男 |
[l] |
| ch |
中主九 |
[ts]~[tɕ] |
| chh |
七丈出 |
[tsʰ]~[tɕʰ] |
| s |
細司西 |
[s]~[ɕ] |
| gn |
年元女 |
[ɲ]~[nʲ] |
| k |
各光交 |
[k] |
| kh |
可口共 |
[kʰ] |
| ng |
哀安恩 |
[ŋ] |
| h |
下何合 |
[h] |
| ∅ (null) |
一也雲 |
∅ |
Vowels
Monophthongs
| Pha̍k-oa-chhi |
Example |
IPA |
| a |
下三人 |
[a]~[ɑ] |
| i |
一丁世 |
[i]~[h] |
| u |
中公共 |
[u] |
| ṳ |
主雲於 |
[y] |
| e |
冊則然 |
[ɛ] |
| e̤ |
不政珍 |
[ə] |
| o |
上何作 |
[ɔ] |
Diphthongs
| Pha̍k-oa-chhi |
Example |
IPA |
| ai |
介代 |
[ai] |
| au |
交保 |
[au] |
| ia |
也且 |
[ia] |
| iu |
久九 |
[iu] |
| ie |
幹便 |
[iɛ] |
| ie |
葉折 |
[iə] |
| io |
享亮 |
[iɔ] |
| oa |
凡刮 |
[ua] |
| oi |
久九 |
[ui] |
| oe |
國或 |
[uɛ] |
| oe |
- |
[uə] |
| uo |
亡光 |
[uɔ] |
| ṳo |
全元 |
[yɔ] |
Tone
| Tone |
Example |
Pha̍k-oa-chhi |
| 陰平 Yin Ping |
妻欺溪 |
chhi |
| 陽平 Yang Ping |
其器奇旗 |
chhí |
| 上聲 Shang Sheng |
啟氣豈起 |
chhî |
| 陰去 Yin Qu |
眵 |
chhī |
| 陽去 Yang Qu |
技 |
chhì |
| 入聲 Ru Sheng |
七極疾 |
chhi̍+p, t, k |
External links