Puning Temple

This article is about the temple. For the city in Guangdong, China, see Puning.

Puning Temple

Basic information
Affiliation	Buddhist
Municipality	Chengde
Province	Hebei
Region	China
Status	Preserved
Heritage designation	1994
Architectural style	Tibetan
Completed	1755

The Puning Temple (Chinese: 普宁寺; pinyin: Pǔníng Sì; literally: "Temple of Universal Peace"), commonly called the Big Buddha Temple,^[1] is a Buddhist temple complex in Chengde, Hebei province, China. It was built in 1755 during the reign of the Qianlong Emperor in the Qing dynasty as a sign of the Qing Empire's reverence for Tibetan Buddhism. It is located near the Chengde Mountain Resort, and alongside the equally famed Putuo Zongcheng Temple, it is one of the "Eight Outer Temples" of Chengde. Much how the Putuo Zongcheng Temple was modeled after the Potala Palace in Lhasa, the Puning Temple was modeled after the Samye Monastery, the sacred Lamaist site in Tibet. The front temple was constructed in the Chinese style, although the temple complex follows both Chinese and Tibetan architectural styles. The Puning Temple also houses the world's tallest wooden sculpture of the bodhisattva Avalokiteśvara (22.28-meter-high and 110-ton),^[2]^[3] hence the Puning Temple is often nicknamed the "Big Buddha Temple". The complex features temple halls, pavilions, drum towers and bell towers. ^[4]

History

The Qianlong Emperor (r. 1735–1796) touring Chengde.

The giant wooden bodhisattva of Puning Temple; click here for a closer look.

Since the 18th century, during the Qing dynasty, the Dzungar people of northwestern modern China ( Xinjiang) were engaged in war against Qing empire invasion. The Qianlong Emperor of the Qing dynasty dispatched an army to Yili to suppress their resistance against Qing rule. The Qing army attacked Kulja (Yining) and captured the ruling Dzungar khan. After the conquest, the Qianlong Emperor personally inscribed his writing on a tablet that is located in the stele pavilion of the Puning Temple. This stele of 1755, called the Puning Sibei, commemorated the founding of the temple and the victory over the Dzungars.^[5] The Qianlong Emperor ordered for the building of this new Temple of Universal Peace, a symbol of his ambition to maintain peace among various ethnic minorities and a stable environment within the northwestern regions. The historian Waley-Cohen calls Chengde "a crucial location for the exhibition of Manchu power and the representation of Qing imperial knowledge," being the location of the summer capital.^[5] Since the Dzungars were followers of Lamaism, the temple was built in imitation of Samye monastery, the sacred place of Lamaism in Tibet.^[4]

The large wooden Buddhist statue of the Bodhisattva Avalokiteśvara within the main hall of the Puning Temple is one of its most renowned features. It shows a thousand different eyes and a thousand different arms stretched out from its frame (in various sizes). The statue itself is made from five kinds of wood, including pine, cypress, elm, fir, and linden.

As of 1994, the Chengde Mountain Resort and Chengde's Eight Outer Temples (including the Puning Temple) were established as UNESCO World Heritage Sites. Today, the Puning Temple remains a site of tourist attraction and local festivities.

Gallery

Main hall housing the Bodhisattva
Looking up at the Bodhisattva
Temple grounds
Main temple
Temple grounds
Turning wheels of the Buddha's doctrine at Puning Temple, a modern addition.
A courtyard of Puning Temple
A Chinese pavilion of Puning Temple
Temple entrance
Hall housing the Bodhisattva
Area in front of the Bodhisattva hall

References

↑ "China Stamps...". Xabusiness.com. Retrieved 2007-05-16.
↑ "Puning Temple - Jongo Knows - Encyclopedia of China". Knows.Jongo.com. Retrieved 2007-05-16.
↑ "China Philatelic Information - World of Chinese Stamps". CPI.com.cnm. Archived from the original on 2007-04-09. Retrieved 2007-05-17.
1 2 Waley-Cohen, Joanna. "Commemorating War in Eighteenth-Century China," Modern Asian Studies (Volume 30, Number 4, Special Issue: War in Modern China, 1996): 869–899.
1 2 Waley-Cohen, 880.

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Puning Temple.

Coordinates: 41°0′50″N 117°56′48″E / 41.01389°N 117.94667°E / 41.01389; 117.94667

Notable Buddhist temples in China

World Heritage Sites in China

East	Classical Gardens of Suzhou Fujian Tulou Lushan National Park Huangshan Mount Sanqing (Sanqingshan) Mount Tai (Taishan) Mount Wuyi (Wuyishan) Temple and Cemetery of Confucius and Kong Family Mansion, Qufu Ancient villages in Southern Anhui, Xidi, and Hongcun West Lake Cultural Landscape of Hangzhou

South Central	Ancient Building Complex in the Wudang Mountains Historic Centre of Macau Kaiping Diaolou and Villages Longmen Grottoes Historic Monuments of Dengfeng, including the Shaolin Monastery and Gaocheng Observatory Wulingyuan Scenic and Historic Interest Area Yin Xu

Southwest	Chengjiang Fossil Site Dazu Rock Carvings Historic Ensemble of the Potala Palace, including the Jokhang and Norbulingka Cultural Landscape of Honghe Hani Rice Terraces Huanglong Scenic and Historic Interest Area Jiuzhaigou Valley Scenic and Historic Interest Area Old Town of Lijiang Mount Emei Scenic Area, including Leshan Giant Buddha Scenic Area Mount Qingcheng and the Dujiangyan Irrigation System Sichuan Giant Panda Sanctuaries Three Parallel Rivers of Yunnan Protected Areas

North	Mount Wutai (Wutaishan) Chengde Mountain Resort and its outlying temples, including the Putuo Zongcheng Temple, Xumi Fushou Temple and the Puning Temple Imperial Palaces of the Ming and Qing Dynasties in Beijing and Shenyang Peking Man Site at Zhoukoudian Ancient City of Pingyao Summer Palace, an Imperial Garden in Beijing Temple of Heaven, an Imperial Sacrificial Altar in Beijing Site of Xanadu Yungang Grottoes

Northeast	Capital Cities and Tombs of the Ancient Koguryo Kingdom Imperial Palaces of the Ming and Qing Dynasties in Beijing and Shenyang

Northwest	Mausoleum of the First Qin Emperor Mogao Caves Xinjiang Tianshan

Multiple regions	The Great Wall China Danxia Imperial Tombs of the Ming and Qing Dynasties South China Karst The Grand Canal Silk Roads: the Routes Network of Chang'an-Tianshan Corridor Tusi Sites

Qing dynasty topics

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Palaces & Mausoleums	Forbidden City Mukden Palace Summer Palace Old Summer Palace Chengde Mountain Resort Fuling Tomb Imperial Tombs of the Ming and Qing Dynasties Eastern Qing tombs Western Qing tombs

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Puning Temple

History

Gallery

See also

References

External links