Gujin Tushu Jicheng

A page from the Gujin Tushu Jicheng.

The Gujin Tushu Jicheng (simplified Chinese: 古今图书集成; traditional Chinese: 古今圖書集成; pinyin: Gǔjīn Túshū Jíchéng; Wade–Giles: Ku-chin t'u-shu chi-ch'eng; literally: "Complete Collection of Illustrations and Writings from the Earliest to Current Times"), also known as the Imperial Encyclopaedia, is a vast encyclopaedic work written in China during the reigns of the Qing Dynasty emperors Kangxi and Yongzheng. It was begun in 1700 and completed in 1725. The work was headed initially by scholar Chen Menglei (陳夢雷), and later by Jiang Tingxi.

The encyclopaedia contained 10,000 volumes. Sixty-four imprints were made of the first edition, known as the Wu-ying Hall edition. The encyclopaedia consisted of 6 series, 32 divisions, and 6,117 sections.^[1] It contained 800,000 pages and over 100 million Chinese characters. Topics covered included natural phenomena, geography, history, literature and government. The work was printed in 1726 using copper movable type printing. It spanned around 10 thousand rolls (卷).

The Emperor of China presented a set of the encyclopaedia in 5,000 fascicles to the China Society of London, which has deposited it on loan to Cambridge University Library.^[2] A complete Japanese copy was destroyed in the 1923 Great Kantō earthquake.

One of Yongzheng's brothers patronised the project for a while, although Yongzheng contrived to give exclusive credit to his father Kangxi instead.

Outline

The 32 subdivisions are as follows.^[3]

Heavens/Time/Calendrics: Celestial objects, the seasons, calendar mathematics and astronomy, heavenly portents
Earth/Geography: Mineralogy, political geography, list of rivers and mountains, other nations (Korea, Japan, India, Kingdom of Khotan, Ryukyu Kingdom)
Man/Society: Imperial attributes and annals, the imperial household, biographies of mandarins, kinship and relations, social intercourse, dictionary of surnames, human relations, biographies of women
Nature: Proclivities (crafts, divination, games, medicine), spirits and unearthly beings, fauna, flora
Philosophy: Classics of non-fiction, aspects of philosophy (numerology, filial piety, shame, etc.), forms of writing, philology and literary studies
Economy: education and imperial examination, maintenance of the civil service, food and commerce, etiquette and ceremony, music, the military system, the judicial system, styles of craft and architecture

Note that a pre-modern sense is intended in both "society" (that is, high society) and "economy" (which could be called "society" today), and the other major divisions do not match precisely to English terms.

References

Citations

↑ "Ku-chin t'u-shu chi-ch'eng (Completed Collections of Graphs and Writings of Ancient and Modern Times)". npm.gov.tw. Retrieved 2012-07-25.
↑ "Introduction to the Chinese Collections". Cambridge University Library. Retrieved 2012-07-25.
↑ https://archive.org/stream/cu31924022247658#page/n11/mode/2up

Sources

Search for Modern China, Jonathan Spence, 1990

External links

Qing dynasty topics

History	Seven Grievances First Manchu invasion of Korea Second Manchu invasion of Korea Qing conquest of the Ming Battle of Shanhai Pass Great Clearance Revolt of the Three Feudatories Sino-Russian border conflicts Dzungar–Qing War Chinese expedition to Tibet (1720) Chinese Rites controversy Ten Great Campaigns Miao Rebellion (1735–36) Lhasa riot of 1750 Sino-Burmese War (1765–69) Battle of Ngọc Hồi-Đống Đa Sino-Nepalese War Miao Rebellion (1795–1806) White Lotus Rebellion First Opium War Sino-Sikh War Taiping Rebellion Nian Rebellion Red Turban Rebellion (1854–56) Miao Rebellion (1854–73) Nepalese–Tibetan War Panthay Rebellion Second Opium War Amur Acquisition Self-Strengthening Movement Dungan Revolt (1862–77) Mudan Incident (1871) Tianjin Massacre Margary Affair Northern Chinese Famine Qing reconquest of Xinjiang Sino-French War Sikkim Expedition Jindandao Incident First Sino-Japanese War Gongche Shangshu movement Dungan Revolt (1895–96) Hundred Days' Reform Boxer Rebellion Red Lanterns Eight-Nation Alliance New Policies British expedition to Tibet 1905 Tibetan Rebellion Chinese expedition to Tibet (1910) Railway Protection Movement Xinhai Revolution Wuchang Uprising Xinhai Lhasa turmoil Mongolian Revolution of 1911 Xinhai Revolution in Xinjiang Manchu Restoration

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Compilations & Documents	Sacred Edict of the Kangxi Emperor Gujin Tushu Jicheng Kangxi Dictionary Peiwen Yunfu Quan Tangshi Treaty of Nerchinsk Treaty of Kyakhta (1727) Pentaglot Dictionary History of Ming Siku Quanshu Zongmu Tiyao Researches on Manchu Origins Imperial Decree of declaration of war against foreign powers Imperial Decree on events leading to the signing of Boxer Protocol Qinding Xianfa Dagang Unequal treaty Treaty of Nanking Treaty of the Bogue Treaty of Wanghia Treaty of Whampoa Treaty of Canton Treaty of Kulja Treaty of Aigun Treaty of Tientsin Convention of Tientsin Convention of Peking Treaty of Tarbagatai Burlingame Treaty Chefoo Convention Treaty of Saint Petersburg (1881) Sino-Portuguese Treaty of Peking Treaty of Shimonoseki Li–Lobanov Treaty Convention for the Extension of Hong Kong Territory Boxer Protocol Convention Between Great Britain and China Respecting Tibet

Palaces & Mausoleums	Forbidden City Mukden Palace Summer Palace Old Summer Palace Chengde Mountain Resort Fuling Tomb Imperial Tombs of the Ming and Qing Dynasties Eastern Qing tombs Western Qing tombs

Society & Culture	Qing poetry Kaozheng Changzhou School of Thought Literary Inquisition Booi Aha Dibao Queue Qing official headwear Shamanism in the Qing dynasty Islam during the Qing dynasty Four Wangs Manchu Han Imperial Feast

Other topics	Manchu people Aisin Gioro Names of the Qing dynasty Draft History of Qing New Qing History Willow Palisade Chuang Guandong Canton System Treaty ports Anti-Qing sentiment Qing conquest theory Timeline of late anti-Qing rebellions Imperial hunt of the Qing dynasty

Xia → Shang → Zhou → Qin → Han → 3 Kingdoms → Jìn / 16 Kingdoms → N. & S. Dynasties → Sui → Tang → 5 Dynasties & 10 Kingdoms → Liao / Song / W. Xia / Jīn → Yuan → Ming → Qing → Modern China

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