San Diego Trolley

San Diego Trolley

A San Diego Trolley (Green Line) at Convention Center Station.
Overview
Owner	San Diego Metropolitan Transit System (MTS)
Locale	San Diego, California, United States (San Diego County, California)
Transit type	Light rail
Number of lines	3 daily lines[1] (& 1 heritage streetcar line)[1][2]
Number of stations	53[1]
Daily ridership	119,800 average weekday riders (Q4 2014)[3]
Annual ridership	39.7 million (2014)[3]
Website	SDMTS – Trolley Information
Operation
Began operation	July 19, 1981[1]
Operator(s)	San Diego Trolley, Inc. (SDTI)
Number of vehicles	128 LRVs in Total[4] 52 Siemens SD-100s[4] (1993) 11 Full Length Siemens S70s[4] (2004) 65 Streetcar Length Siemens S70s[4] (2012–13) 2 Streetcars in Total 2 PCC streetcars (1946)[5][6] (5 Pending Restoration)[7]
Technical
System length	53.5 mi (86.1 km)[1]
No. of tracks	2 tracks (save for a 1 track section of the Green Line at its eastern terminus)
Track gauge	4 ft 8 ^1⁄2 in (1,435 mm) (standard gauge)
Electrification	600 V DC Overhead line[4]
Top speed	55 mph (89 km/h)[4]
System map September 2012 Trolley service map (Silver Line is not shown, but it runs along the "diamond" shaped route downtown).

The San Diego Trolley (reporting mark SDTI) is a light rail system operating in the metropolitan area of San Diego. It is known colloquially as The Trolley. The Trolley's operator, San Diego Trolley, Inc. (SDTI),^[1] is a subsidiary of the San Diego Metropolitan Transit System (MTS). The Trolley began service on July 26, 1981,^[1] making it the oldest of the "second generation" light rail systems in the United States. The entire Trolley network serves 53 stations, and comprises 53.5 miles (86.1 km) of route, and three primary lines named the Blue Line, the Orange Line, and the Green Line,^[1] as well as a supplementary heritage streetcar downtown circulator known as the Silver Line that operates on select weekdays, weekends and holidays. In Q4 2014, the Trolley was the 4th most-ridden light rail system in the United States, with an average of 119,800 riders per weekday.^[3]

The San Diego Trolley is operated by MTS, which is one of the oldest transit systems in Southern California dating back to the 1880s. Although its operating names have changed over the years, the two modes of transportation, buses and trolleys, have remained consistent over the past 125 years.

San Diego Trolley initially used the same German-built Siemens–Duewag U2 vehicles as the Edmonton Light Rail Transit system in Edmonton and the C-Train in Calgary, Alberta, Canada, and the Frankfurt U-Bahn in Frankfurt, Germany. The fleet has since been expanded to include Siemens SD-100 vehicles, and most recently Siemens S70 vehicles manufactured by Siemens.^[1]

History

Although electric rail service in San Diego traces its roots back to 1891 when John D. Spreckels incorporated the San Diego Electric Railway,^[8] today's operating company, San Diego Trolley Incorporated (SDTI), was not founded until 1980^[8] when the Metropolitan Transit Development Board (now operating as MTS) began planning a light-rail service along the Main Line of the San Diego and Arizona Eastern Railway (SD&AE Railway), which had been purchased by MTDB from Southern Pacific Railroad in 1979.^[8] Service began on July 19, 1981, with revenue collection beginning on July 26, 1981.^[8] 14 trains operated on a single line between Centre City or Downtown San Diego and San Ysidro, with stops in the cities of San Diego, National City, and Chula Vista.^[9]

On March 23, 1986, SDTI opened an extension east from Centre City San Diego to Euclid Avenue, along the La Mesa Branch of the SD&AE Railway – this new second line of the Trolley was then called the East Line.^[8][9] Service was extended along the same line to Spring Street on May 12, 1989^[8] serving Lemon Grove, and then to La Mesa and on to El Cajon on June 23, 1989.^[8] Service from El Cajon to Santee, which does not operate along the old SD&AE right-of-way, began on August 26, 1995.^[8][9]

The "Bayside" extension of the Trolley in Centre City San Diego opened on June 30, 1990.^[10] The first phase of the Old Town extension, from C Street to Little Italy in Centre City San Diego, opened on July 2, 1992.^[10] The second phase of that extension, running from Little Italy to Old Town, opened on June 16, 1996.^[9][10]

The "Mission Valley West" SDTI extension from Old Town to Mission San Diego commenced service on November 23, 1997^[9][10] – it was at this time that the former South Line and East Line of the system were renamed the Blue Line and the Orange Line, respectively.^[8][10] The "Mission Valley East" extension from Mission San Diego to La Mesa began operating on July 10, 2005,^[10] with the inauguration of the third line of the San Diego Trolley system, the Green Line.

Early history

The planning for the San Diego Trolley began in 1966 under the auspices of the Comprehensive Planning Organization (CPO), an intergovernmental agency of 13 cities and San Diego County.^[9] San Diego's streetcar system had been replaced with buses in 1949. In 1966 the local bus company, San Diego Transit, was facing a financial crisis and public takeover. The CPO developed a mass-transit plan to address the long-range transportation issues of the metropolitan area.

Little progress was made in the decade 1966–1975. CPO continued to research options for addressing the region's transportation needs. Several prominent stakeholders submitted their own mass-transit master plans for the region. The alternatives studied in the decade included:

• Restoration of the 1949 streetcar system for $1.3 billion
• BART-like system featuring 417 stations on a system of 284 miles (457 km) for $2–5 billion
• Elevated system featuring automatic rapid transit vehicles for $1 billion
• Short demonstration light-rail line (Airport to Downtown), for $20 million
• Express bus system on freeways

The debate between rail rapid transit and light rail was conducted without reference to any specific right-of-way or railroad tracks. The CPO's 1975 Regional Comprehensive Plan described a $1.5 billion rail-rapid transit system in San Diego featuring a system of 58 miles (93 km) and 11 lines. However, by this time, it was widely acknowledged by public officials that the BART-like system would be much more expensive than light rail. Rail rapid plans were stalled due to high costs. Proponents of the rail rapid system were concerned about the low speed of at-grade streetcar systems. Operating deficits were also a concern. A 1974 CPO study concluded that a streetcar system would incur operating deficits of $1.9 million annually. It was also understood that any BART-like system would incur substantial deficits.

The Metropolitan Transit Development Board

San Diego Trolley
Legend
System diagram  Morena/Linda Vista Old Town Transit Center Fashion Valley Transit Center Washington Street Hazard Center Middletown Mission Valley Center County Center/Little Italy Rio Vista Santa Fe Depot Fenton Parkway Qualcomm Stadium Seaport Village America Plaza Convention Center Civic Center Transit Center Gaslamp Quarter Fifth Avenue City College Mission San Diego Park & Market Grantville 12th & Imperial Transit Center Storage & Maintenance Yard SDSU Transit Center Barrio Logan Alvarado Medical Center Harborside 70th Street Pacific Fleet 25th & Commercial 8th Street 32nd & Commercial 24th Street 47th Street Bayfront/E Street Euclid Avenue H Street Encanto/62nd Street Palomar Street Massachusetts Avenue Palm Avenue Lemon Grove Depot Iris Avenue Spring Street Beyer Boulevard La Mesa Boulevard San Ysidro Transit Center Grossmont Transit Center Amaya Drive El Cajon Transit Center Arnele Avenue Gillespie Field Santee Town Center

The creation of the Metropolitan Transit Development Board (MTDB) in 1976 with a clearly stated mission initially did not resolve differences between the many stakeholders. However, MTDB did analyze previous transit studies, and determined that the guideway system should satisfy the following principles:

• Corridor should extend a long distance and offer high-speed operation
• Low capital cost designs should be adopted, to keep the costs within an affordable range
• Construction should be at-grade with mostly exclusive right-of-way
• Operating deficits should be minimized

A feasibility study completed in 1975 identified the unit costs of guideway options, including the estimation of ‘typical section’ per-linear-foot costs for six guideway types: (1) cut-and-cover subway; (2) tunnel bore; (3) ‘aerial line’; (4) open-cut line with retaining walls; (5) sidehill berm cut line; (6) at-grade line. In addition, the MTDB's enabling legislation explicitly required the guideway system to satisfy the following criteria, consistent with the principles adopted by the Board: priority consideration shall be given to technologies available and in use; guideway system shall be capable of being brought into operation incrementally; transportation rights-of-way of public entities shall be utilized to minimize construction costs. The adoption of the principles effectively required either a ‘light rail vehicle’ capable of street running (to avoid grade separation), or a commuter-rail like design terminating at the Santa Fe Depot.

The MTDB's enabling legislation also provided a dedicated funding source for guideway construction that would expire in 1981. Urgency was created since the dedicated funding would revert to the State highway fund if not expended on mass-transit guideway construction. In 1976–77, considerable planning efforts were completed. MTDB's 1977 "Guideway Planning Project: Phase I Report" identified many alignment options: Interstate highways I-5, I-8, and I-805; State Routes 94 and 163; railroad rights-of-way owned by Santa Fe (AT&SF) and by Southern Pacific/San Diego & Arizona Eastern (SD&AE); local arterials El Cajon Boulevard, 4th/6th/Genesee Avenues, and Highland/National/3rd/5th Avenues.

This report dismissed the use of local arterials for line-haul purposes, due to the cost of aerial or tunnel guideways. "A guideway extending from El Cajon easterly (parallel to I-8) to the vicinity of I-5/Santa Fe Railroad, then southerly through Centre City to San Ysidro parallel to I-5 and SD&AE" was recommended as the first increment. As planning intensified, Phase II of the "Guideway Planning Project" was under way, with efforts initially focusing on the El Cajon Line with the higher ridership potential. However, nature intervened.

Tropical Storm Kathleen

On September 10, 1976, Tropical Storm Kathleen destroyed parts of SD&AE's Desert Line, at the time a part of the Southern Pacific (SP) system.^[9] The hurricane caused $1.3 million worth of damage, primarily in the eastern part of the state. Through freight service to Arizona was suspended and San Diego became an isolated portion of the SP system. SP petitioned for abandonment of the SD&AE on August 9, 1977, of all tracks west of Plaster City, while the MTDB guideway planning project was ongoing. Due to the apparently immediate availability of a right-of-way in the South Bay Corridor, the transit planning refocused on the SD&AE (SP) Tijuana line, making it the effective ‘minimum operable segment’.

At the same time, the San Diego County Board of Supervisors became concerned about the freight service on the SD&AE. Direct freight service to the East was seen as vital to the county's economic interests and the continued viability of San Diego as a deep-water port. With an eye towards preserving freight service and future transit right-of-way, San Diego County commissioned its own internal study effort, "Feasibility of Using Existing SD&AE ROW for Commuter Service", to examine using a portion of the SD&AE tracks for light rail or diesel passenger service sharing track with freight services. Part of the motivation for considering the SD&AE was to "operate the freight service at a profit through changes to work rules, relief from property taxes, and sharing of costs with the transit operation".

Transit alternatives

By late 1977, two major transit investment studies were under way focusing on the same corridor: the MTDB-sponsored "Guideway Planning Project", and San Diego County's "SD&AE ROW Feasibility Study".

1. The Base Case: MTDB described the base case as a modified bus network that retained the same number of total vehicles as the present San Diego Transit system.

2. MTDB's All-Bus Improvement Alternative: This "low capital cost" system would have introduced high-occupancy vehicle lanes on freeways and invested in higher capacity buses and express routes.

3. MTDB's Rail Improvement Alternative, San Diego County's "Light Rail Electric": This "medium capital cost" has electric light-rail transit replacing buses in the South Line corridor and would re-deploy the buses on feeder services.

4. MTDB's Fully Separated Rail Freight Service Alternative: MTDB examined the possibility of an exclusive double-track South Line on the SD&AE right-of-way. Under this freight rationalization proposal, freight trains would operate over the parallel Coronado Spur south to Imperial Beach, and via 2 miles (3.2 km) of new right-of-way and 5 miles (8 km) of "shared corridor" parallel operations on dedicated tracks to reach Tijuana.

5. San Diego County's "Leased Diesel" Option: The county saw the leased diesel (equivalent to present day commuter rail) as the lowest initial cost option with the least time required to begin service. Facilities would be designed to be convertible to light rail when more funds became available.

6. San Diego County's "Light Rail Diesel" Option: The county was interested in the self-powered diesel rail cars for its lower capital costs, however, noted that the vehicles were not then approved by the California Public Utilities Commission for one-person operation.

Implementation

The original San Diego Trolley alignment later named the "South Line" known today as the "Blue Line"

In 1978, the MTDB successfully negotiated with SP to purchase the SD&AE for $18.1 million, including the $1.3 million required to restore the hurricane-damaged freight line. This was a dual-intent decision, to preserve both rail freight services to the Imperial Valley, and to preserve available right-of-way for future transit use. In light of cheaper light-rail options identified in the MTDB and San Diego County studies, more expensive options such as a proposed $325 million rail-rapid transit line on a new right-of-way to the border seemed less competitive. There was universal agreement that using the SD&AE right-of-way and light rail technology was more economical and practical than a new rail-rapid transit line.

Construction of the San Diego Trolley proceeded incrementally. The initial construction of new track focused mainly in downtown San Diego. The work on the SD&AE railroad track is best described as ‘rehabilitation’. The MTDB replaced 40% of all ties, cropped and welded the jointed rail, constructed electric catenaries, and installed an absolute block signal system. To control costs, the San Diego Trolley ordered only 14 cars, and did not install ‘mimic’ boards or the on-train location equipment until after the East Line was completed in 1989. No new sidings were initially installed on the SD&AE segment, which had three passing sidings between San Diego and San Ysidro. Service started at 15-minute headways using the rehabilitated single-track line.

San Diego Trolley opened in 1981 with 13.5 miles (21.7 km) of operations on the South Line. Additional vehicles were purchased in 1983, and the South Line was mostly double-tracked by 1984, largely on the strength of demand for more frequent headways. The business plan's incremental building and funding approach was vindicated. The East Line opened to Euclid Avenue in 1986, and was extended to El Cajon in 1989 and Santee in 1995. Service was extended northward to Old Town in 1996 and then eastward in Mission Valley in both 1997 and 2005.^[10]

The transit center at 12th & Imperial, in the southeastern portion of downtown San Diego, has historically been used as the transfer point between the various lines, and is located adjacent to the Trolley's maintenance facilities. It is a recognizable landmark in the neighborhood, as it includes a grey clocktower with red clock. It is located two blocks east of the main entrance to Petco Park and is the station serving that facility.

Current service

Lines

Trolley service operates on three daily lines: the Blue, Green, and Orange Lines, and travels through 53 stations and 53.5 total miles of double-track rail.^[1] A fourth line, the heritage streetcar Silver Line, operates more limited weekday and weekend service, in a clockwise 'circle-loop' around downtown San Diego only.^[2]

Line		Opening[1]	Length[1]	Stations[1]	End Points	Operation
	Blue Line	1981	15.4 mi (24.8 km)	18	America Plaza -to- San Ysidro Transit Center	Daily
	Green Line	2005	23.6 mi (38.0 km)	27	12th & Imperial Transit Center -to- Santee Town Center	Daily
	Orange Line	1986	18.0 mi (29.0 km)	19	Santa Fe Depot -to- El Cajon Transit Center	Daily
	Silver Line	2011	2.7 mi (4.3 km)	9	loops through: 12th & Imperial Transit Center	Mid-day on Selected Days

Stations

E Street Station of San Diego Trolley.

Trolley of Blue Line arriving at E Street Station of San Diego Trolley.

San Diego Trolley at America Plaza Station.

San Diego Trolley Inside.

The San Diego Trolley system has 53 stations serving its four Trolley lines.^[11]

Fourteen of the Trolley system's stations operate as transfer stations, which allow passengers to transfer between lines. There are two "universal" transfer points (i.e., allowing transfers among all four lines) in the system in downtown San Diego: the 12th & Imperial Transit Center station, and the America Plaza/Santa Fe Depot stations. Six Trolley stations are end-of-line stations. Of the 53 San Diego Trolley stations, 37 stations are within the city limits of San Diego, serving various neighborhoods in San Diego; the other 16 stations are located in the cities of Chula Vista, El Cajon, La Mesa, Lemon Grove, National City, and Santee.

Most of the stations in the San Diego Trolley system are 'at-grade' stations. There are 8 aerial stations, mostly on the newer Green Line. There is just one Trolley station in the system that is underground – the SDSU Transit Center station – also on the Green Line.

Approximately a little less than half of San Diego Trolley stations offer free parking (i.e. Park & Ride). Most Trolley stations offer connections to MTS bus lines.

Hours of operation

The San Diego Trolley's three main lines operate regular service between 5am and midnight, seven days a week. Limited service on particular segments is provided before 5am and after midnight, however; but there is no rail service between 2am and 3:30am.^[12] During these hours when there is no passenger service, freight trains of the San Diego and Imperial Valley Railroad operate on the trolley's right of way.

Service on the Blue Line operates every 15 minutes, seven days a week, with service every 7.5 minutes during weekday rush-hours; late-night service on this line runs every 30 minutes.^[12] The Green and Orange Lines operate service every 15 minutes on Monday-Saturday mid-days, but every 30 minutes on weekend mornings, on Sundays, and during evenings.^[12]

Fares and fare collection

The fare for a standard one-way Trolley ticket is $2.50, and one-way tickets are good for two hours from the time of purchase.^[13] Transfers between trolley lines are free, provided it is to complete the one-way trip;^[13] but round-trips are not allowed on a one-way ticket.^[13] Transfers to MTS/NCTD buses, the Coaster and the Sprinter are also not free with a standard one-way Trolley ticket. However, a Day Pass (good for one calendar day) is unlimited use, and allows unlimited travel on the San Diego Trolley system for that day, as well as most MTS & NCTD bus systems, and the north country Sprinter light rail service.^[13] A RegionPlus Day Pass allows unlimited service on all of the above named systems, as well as MTS Premium buses and the Coaster commuter rail, for one calendar day.^[13]

The following table shows San Diego MTS fares,^[13] effective September 1, 2008^[14] (in US dollars):

Fare Type	Regular	Senior Disabled Medicare
Local, Urban & Shuttle Bus Lines – One-Way	$2.25	$1.10
Express Bus Routes – One-Way	$2.50	$1.25
Bus Token (One-Way)	$2.50	$2.50
San Diego Trolley – One-Way Ticket	$2.50	$1.25
Regional Day Pass	$5	$5
RegionalPlus Day Pass	$12	$12
Regional 2-Day Pass	$9	$9
Regional 3-Day Pass	$12	$12
Regional 4-Day Pass	$15	$15
Regional 14-Day Pass	$43	$43
Premium 14-Day Pass	$60	$60
Regional Monthly Pass	$72[note 1]	$18
Premium Monthly Pass	$100[note 2]	$25

Fare collection is based on a proof-of-payment system. The San Diego Trolley is a barrier-free (no turnstiles), self-service system. Patrons must have proof of fare (ticket or pass) before boarding. Self-serve ticket vending machines are located at each station. Compass Card (see below) users must "tap" at a Compass Card validator (located at various points around each Trolley station, and on MTS buses) or on the Compass Card target on a ticket vending machine before boarding a trolley. Random fare inspections are performed by roving transit enforcement personnel. Based on frequent security inspections, nearly 98% of the 37 million patrons have proper fares.^[1]

Compass cards

The Compass Card is a form of electronic ticketing used on public transport services within San Diego County, California. It is administered by the San Diego Association of Governments (SANDAG)^[15] and is valid for travel on a number of different transit systems within San Diego County including MTS buses, the San Diego Trolley, North County Buses, the Coaster commuter rail line and the SPRINTER (a light rail line in north San Diego County). The card and fare collection systems are manufactured by Cubic Transportation Systems, and SANDAG administers the Compass Call Center (CCC), a central call center for all agencies.^[16]

The Compass Card is an orange or yellow, credit-card-sized contactless smartcard which can hold a transit pass, such as a Day Pass, a 14-Day Pass, etc. The Compass Card card must tapped on an electronic Compass Card validator when entering and transferring within the system in order to validate the fare. Compass Card readers are integrated in bus fareboxes, and standalone readers are located just outside the paid-area of Trolley and rail stations.

Ridership

Average Weekday Ridership
Year	Quarter	Ridership	%±
1996	Q1	47,000	—
1996	Q2^1	47,300	+0.6%
1996	Q3	53,500	+13.1%
1996	Q4	46,800	–12.5%
1997	Q1	52,000	+11.1%
1997	Q2	56,400	+12.3%
1997	Q3	60,300	+3.3%
1997	Q4^2	57,400	–4.8%
1998	Q1	69,400	+20.9%
1998	Q2	77,300	+11.4%
1998	Q3	71,000	–8.2%
1998	Q4	69,300	–2.4%
1999	Q1	63,300	–8.7%
1999	Q2	72,800	+15.0%
1999	Q3	79,000	+8.5%
1999	Q4	81,300	+2.9%
2000	Q1	85,600	+5.3%
2000	Q2	88,000	+2.8%
2000	Q3	94,300	+7.2%
2000	Q4	82,600	–12.4%
2001	Q1	79,600	−3.6%
2001	Q2	82,600	+3.8%
2001	Q3	78,800	−4.6%
2001	Q4	71,600	−9.1%
2002	Q1	71,100	−0.7%
2002	Q2	77,200	+8.6%
2002	Q3	74,400	−3.6%
2002	Q4	71,300	−4.2%
2003	Q1	73,100	+2.5%
2003	Q2	74,700	+2.2%
2003	Q3	76,700	+2.7%
2003	Q4	70,100	−8.6%
2004	Q1	74,700	+6.6%
2004	Q2	88,400	+18.3%
2004	Q3	94,500	+6.9%
2004	Q4	81,700	−13.5%
2005	Q1	80,000	−2.1%
2005	Q2	94,200	+17.8%
2005	Q3^3	104,900	+11.4%
2005	Q4	n/a	n/a
2006	Q1	95,800	—
2006	Q2	100,900	+5.3%
2006	Q3	107,300	+6.3%
2006	Q4	105,100	−2.1%
2007	Q1	96,700	−8.0%
2007	Q2	107,000	+10.7%
2007	Q3	124,300	+16.2%
2007	Q4	118,400	−4.7%
2008	Q1	98,700	−16.6%
2008	Q2	113,300	+14.8%
2008	Q3	114,900	+1.4%
2008	Q4	103,900	−9.6%
2009	Q1	96,000	−8.1%
2009	Q2	93,300	−2.3%
2009	Q3	93,100	−0.2%
2009	Q4	91,200	−2.0%
2010	Q1	86,100	−5.6%
2010	Q2	94,700	+10.0%
2010	Q3	92,100	−2.7%
2010	Q4	90,000	−2.3%
2011	Q1	98,000	+8.9%
2011	Q2	96,800	−1.2%
2011	Q3	133,400^†	+37.8%^†
2011	Q4	103,400	−22.5%^†
2012	Q1	96,900	−6.3%
2012	Q2	94,300	−2.7%
2012	Q3	95,700	+1.5%
2012	Q4	87,700	−8.4%
2013	Q1	80,100	−8.7%
2013	Q2	89,400	+11.6%
2013	Q3	121,900	+36.4%
2013	Q4	122,400	+0.4%
2014	Q1	120,600	−1.5%
2014	Q2	120,100	−0.4%
2014	Q3	124,100	+3.3%
2014	Q4	119,800	−3.5%
^† The weekday average ridership figure for the San Diego Trolley from the Q3 2011 APTA Report is likely a typo, based on the other ridership figures for that Quarter – it is more likely that Q3 2011 figure is supposed to be 103,400.
^1 The extension from Little Italy to Old Town opened in late-Q2 1996. ^2 The "Mission Valley West" extension from Old Town to Mission San Diego open in mid-Q4 1997. ^3 The "Mission Valley East" extension from Mission San Diego to La Mesa, along with the accompanying inauguration of the Green Line, opened in mid-Q3 2005.
Source:[17]

As of the Fourth Quarter (Q4) of 2013, the average weekday ridership on the San Diego Trolley system was 119,800,^[3] making it the fourth busiest Light rail system in the United States. Taking overall track length into consideration, the San Diego Trolley transported 2,239 daily passengers per route mile in Q4 2014, making it the twelfth busiest Light rail system on a per mile basis over this time period. Weekday ridership on the Trolley has been relatively high since Q3 2013 (see table at right).

In all of 2014, the San Diego Trolley provided 39,731,900 unlinked passenger transits according to the American Public Transportation Association (APTA).^[3] MTS reported that there were 39,694,197 trips on the Trolley in Fiscal Year 2014 (FY 2014), a 34% increase over Fiscal Year 2013.^[18] Of the Trolley's three lines, the Blue Line has the system's highest ridership with 15,094,878 riders during FY 2014, followed by the Green Line with 13,673,926 FY 2014 riders, and the Orange Line with 10,896,289 FY 2014 riders.^[18] The Silver Line, operating only mid-days just four days a week (and with some service interruptions during the year), carried 29,104 passengers around the downtown loop in FY2014.

The following ridership data for the San Diego Trolley was obtained from the American Public Transportation Association's (APTA) Ridership Report Archives:^[19]

Year	Total Unlinked Passenger Trips on San Diego Trolley system for That Total Year[19]
2004	28,772,400
2005	32,132,400
2006	34,380,500
2007	36,386,100[20]
2008	36,054,600
2009	31,337,500
2010	30,514,700
2011	32,748,700
2012	31,206,900
2013	34,448,900[3]
2014	39,731,900[3]

According to figures from APTA, previous to 2014, the San Diego Trolley achieved the highest level of ridership in 2007, when there were 36,386,100 unlinked passenger transits on the system over that entire year.^[20] The Trolley system's highest average weekday ridership of 124,300 was achieved in Q3 2007^[21] – this corresponded to 2,323 passengers per route mile daily.

Future service plans

Trolley Renewal Project

On September 24, 2009, MTS approved the purchase of 57 new model Siemens S70 cars, at a total cost of $205 million.^[22][23] The cars began arriving in late September 2011 and are custom made model S70s. In 2012, the order was increased from 57 to 65 of these 'streetcar length' S70s.^[24][25] The new vehicles are nine feet (2.74 m) shorter than the existing S70 vehicles on the system, making them the equivalent size of the older SD100 "Boxed Shaped" cars, allowing for three car operation in the downtown area. In order to run these trolleys on the older Orange and Blue Lines a platform and tracks renovation project was begun in 2010,^[26][27] starting with Blue Line stations south of Old Town, working its way southbound.

The project entailed raising the station from a track level (0-inch or 0-millimeter) or 4-inch (102 mm) raised platform to a 6-inch (152 mm) raised platform and placing a special "safety tile" with a smooth surface in the center, on the curb to allow for the wheelchair ramps to deploy without being damaged, as the existing "safety tile" contains rivets all the way throughout it. Some stations, primarily south of 12th and Imperial on the Blue Line, continued to board at track level through early 2015, and major re-construction was needed before low-floor trolleys could operate at these stations. Such improvements included brand new station platforms, station structures, rails, switches, signals, and overhead wires.^[22]

In addition to new LRVs, San Diego Trolley also slowly retrofitted the SD-100s LRVs with new paint, door sensors & switches, wheelchair lifts, route display signs, and interior & exterior lighting. The oldest model U2 trolleys had very little that can be done to improve their functionality or operation as they lacked the overhead equipment compartments found in the SD-100s and S70s, and were planned to be entirely phased out and retired by 2015. Eleven of the U2 cars were sold to the upstart Metrotranvía Mendoza in Mendoza, Argentina;^[28] another 29 had been retired by early 2013,^[1] and the rest of the U2 trolleys were retired from service in January 2015.^[29] Four U2 cars have been preserved: car 1019 at the Rockhill Trolley Museum, car 1008 at the Orange Empire Railway Museum, as well as cars 1017 and 1018 at the Western Railway Museum.

The project cost around $660 million.^[25][30] The new LRVs began arriving in late September 2011 and began running on the Green Line on October 3, 2011.^[31] Additional new LRVs began operation on the Orange line in January 2013.^[32] The final phase of the project began July 25, 2013 with a groundbreaking ceremony to kick off the construction to modernize the remaining unrenovated stations on the portion of the Blue Line south of downtown San Diego.^[33] The low-floor Siemens S70 trolleys began operation on the Blue Line on January 27, 2015,^[34] which coincided with the retirement of the last of the original U2 trolleys.^[29] The project, including remaining station and track renovations, was completed in late 2015.^[30]

September 2012 Realignment Change

On September 2, 2012,^[35][36] MTS realigned trolley operations to allow for "more efficient travel" and to solve several issues with the previous operating layout. The Green Line was extended from its former western terminus in Old Town south to 12th & Imperial Transit Center's Bayside Terminal, eliminating the need for the Special Event Service Line, which previously ran on a similar route. The Orange Line's western terminus was extended to Santa Fe Depot while its eastern terminus was shortened to El Cajon Transit Center due to the line's low ridership to and from the Gillespie Field station. The Blue Line's northern terminus was temporarily shortened to America Plaza until the completion of the Mid-Coast Trolley extension project.^[37][38] Not only does this plan ensure every line will stop or pass through downtown, but it also creates two "universal" transfer points, one at the 12th & Imperial Transit Center (at the east side of downtown) and the other at the America Plaza/Santa Fe Depot (on the west side of downtown).

Mid-Coast Trolley extension project

SANDAG is planning an extension of the Blue Line^[39] from the Old Town Transit Center 11 miles (17.7 km) to the University City community, which will serve major activity and employment centers such as the University of California, San Diego (UCSD) campus and University Towne Centre (UTC) shopping center.^[40][41] This is part of the "Mid-Coast Corridor Transit Project".^[42] Construction is scheduled to begin in the second half of 2015, and the Mid-Coast extension is slated to be completed and in operation by 2021.^[40]

After the Mid-Coast Trolley extension project is completed, the Blue Line will be extended north from its current northern terminus at America Plaza to run through 5 existing stations (up to and including the Old Town Transit Center), 8 new stations (Tecolote Road, Clairemont Drive, Balboa Avenue, Nobel Drive, Virginia Medical Center, UCSD West/Pepper Canyon, UCSD East/Voigt Drive, and Executive Drive), and then terminate at University Towne Center in the University City/UCSD area.^[40]

Proposed Balboa Park streetcar line

MTS began work in March 2011 on a study to evaluate the feasibility of reconnecting Balboa Park, the San Diego Zoo and Downtown San Diego through a fixed-guideway, electrified streetcar line – the final study on the subject was published in October 2012.^[43] The project study corridor runs between the City College Trolley Station area, and Balboa Park in the vicinity of the San Diego Zoo.^[44] An alignment similar to the proposed one was last served by a streetcar system in 1949 on lines 7 (Park Boulevard-University Avenue to East San Diego) & 11 (Park Boulevard-Adams Avenue to Kensington).^[45] The Committee evaluated what types of streetcars to use for this proposed line, the possible options including the recently ordered 57 Ultra Short 2011 S70s in the "Modern Streetcar" category, and the restored PCC Streetcars from the Downtown Silver Line in the "Vintage Streetcar" category.^[46][47] The major construction issue was how to cross I-5 without having to reconstruct the entire bridge. The estimated cost for construction of this line was $68.2 million, with each trolley car estimated to cost between $850,000 (for a restored PPC trolley car) to $3.6 million (for a modern trolley car). Four cars are anticipated for service on this line. No funding sources were identified. No further action on this proposal has taken place since the October 2012 release of the study.

Potential airport extension

Since 2009, SANDAG has proposed a plan that would bring trolley service to Lindbergh Field. On January 19, 2013, mayor Bob Filner endorsed the idea, which spawned a renewed city interest in the project. In January 2013, SANDAG took steps to bring about a proposed extension to the Airport; MTS also had this idea in consideration for many years. One scenario of the plan would be an extension of the existing Orange Line from downtown to the southern portion of Lindbergh Field along Harbor Drive that would connect the Airport's terminals to trolley service. Another proposed scenario would bring service to the northern portion of the Airport and connect with the Blue and Green Lines at Washington Street and/or Old Town in the near or distant future. The California High-Speed Rail line is also planned to terminate on the north side of the airport (in Phase 2, which has no timetable yet). There is no projected completion date for this proposed airport extension.

A dedicated local bus line (Route 992) currently provides a connection between the airport terminals and downtown.

2050 Regional Transportation Plan

The San Diego Association of Governments (SANDAG) released a draft of its 2050 Regional Transportation Plan in April 2011, which was approved by the SANDAG Board of Directors on October 28, 2011.^[48][49] Significant expansion of 156 new miles of Trolley service is proposed in the 2050 RTP,^[48] as well as the creation of three new streetcar lines serving Downtown San Diego.

The following Trolley and streetcar projects were included in the 2050 Regional Transportation Plan. The Plan's projected date of completion of each project is shown, but these dates are highly speculative since no specific commitments are being made in this plan, with the exception of the Blue Line Mid-Coast Extension which is currently under development.^[50]

Project Name	Transit Type	Route Number	Route / Description	Projected Cost (in $mil)[50]	Projected Completion Date[50]	Status (as of Oct 2014)
Mid-Coast Trolley Extension (extension of Blue Line)	Light rail	510	Extends the Blue Line from America Plaza, through Santa Fe Depot and Old Town Transit Center, north to UCSD and University Towne Center (UTC).	$1,642	2019	Final SEIS/SEIR[51]
Streetcar 'Loop' Line (Silver Line extension(?))	Streetcar	554	A new streetcar 'Loop', from Downtown San Diego through Balboa Park to Hillcrest, and back. This might be an extension of the Silver Line, or more likely a supplemental line. An initial study was done of just an extension to Balboa Park and back in October 2012.[52]	$284	2020	Under Study
UTC to Mira Mesa Trolley (extension of Route 510 – Blue Line)	Light rail	561	A new Trolley line, that's effectively another extension of the Blue Line, from UTC Transit Center northeast to Mira Mesa, via Sorrento Mesa and Carroll Canyon.	$1,556	2030	Planning
Streetcar Line 2	Streetcar	553	New streetcar line from the Little Italy neighborhood of San Diego to the East Village neighborhood of San Diego.	$187	2030	Planning
Mid-City Trolley (Phase 1)	Light rail	560	A Trolley line running between Downtown San Diego and the Mid-City neighborhood of San Diego, via Park Blvd and El Cajon Blvd.	$4,009[note 3]	2035	Planning
Pacific Beach to El Cajon Trolley	Light rail	563	A mostly east-west Trolley line running between Pacific Beach and El Cajon, via Clairemont, Kearny Mesa, Mission Valley, SDSU. (Route: Possibly along Balboa Ave. and I-15?...)	$1,978	2035	Planning
Streetcar Line 3	Streetcar	555	New streetcar line from 30th Street to Downtown San Diego, via North Park and Golden Hill.	$397	2035	Planning
Mid-City Trolley (Phase 2)	Light rail	560	Completion of the Route 560 Trolley line by extending it from the Mid-City neighborhood of San Diego to the SDSU Transit Center – the result would be a Trolley Line that runs directly between Downtown San Diego and SDSU.	$4,009[note 3]	2050	Planning
UTC To San Ysidro Trolley (east, inland/non-coastal line)	Light rail	562	Trolley line from UTC to San Ysidro (second route) via Kearny Mesa, Mission Valley, Mid-City, Southeastern San Diego, and National City and Chula Vista via Highland Ave/4th Avenue. (Route: Along, or paralleling, I-805 and I-15.)	$6,043	2050	Planning
Downtown Trolley Tunnel	Light rail		Building a downtown underground Trolley Tunnel, between 12th & Imperial Transit Center and the County Center/Little Italy Trolley station.	$4,293	2050	Planning

A related project to these is the plan to build an Airport Intermodal Transit Center on the northeast side of Lindbergh Field by 2035,^[53] which would include direct Trolley service access (from the Green Line, and from the Blue Line as well after the completion of the Mid-Coast Transit project) to San Diego International Airport. (Note: This is unrelated to the separate proposal to extend the Orange Line along Harbor Drive to the terminals on the south side of Lindbergh Field.)

Other Trolley projects in the 2050 Regional Transportation Plan involve more grade separations (from street crossings) for the Blue and Orange Lines, and the creation of more Express Lines on existing track.^[50]

Fleet specifications

Below are the technical specifications of the system's four different models of light rail vehicles, as shown on the website of the MTS.^[4][24]

Specification	U2 Model (no longer in service)	SD100 Model	S70 (Full Length) Model	S70 (Streetcar Length) Model
Manufacturer	Duewag (with assistance from Siemens; Düsseldorf, West Germany and Florin, California)	Siemens (Florin, California)	Siemens (Florin, California)	Siemens (Florin, California)
Type	Double-ended articulated car, 6 axle, multiple-unit operation to 5 cars.	Double-ended articulated car, 6 axle, multiple-unit operation to 5 cars.	Double-ended articulated car, 6 axle, multiple-unit operation to 5 cars.	Double-ended articulated car, 6 axle, multiple-unit operation to 5 cars.
Fleet Size[1][4][24]	0 (originally 71 – 11 Units sold to Metrotranvía of Mendoza in 2010,[28] remainder retired as of January 26, 2015[29]).	52	11	65
Car Nos.[4][24]	1001–1071	2001–2052	3001–3011	4001–4065
First Purchase[24]	1980	1993	2004	2012
Height (top of car to rail)	12.4 feet (3,780 mm)	12.4 feet (3,780 mm)	12.4 feet (3,780 mm)	12.4 feet (3,780 mm)
Center Aisle Floor Height	39 inches (991 mm)	39 inches (991 mm)	15 inches (381 mm)	15 inches (381 mm)
Width (exterior)	8.7 feet (2,652 mm)	8.7 feet (2,652 mm)	8.7 feet (2,652 mm)	8.7 feet (2,652 mm)
Length (end to end)	76 feet (23.165 m)	76.71 feet (23.381 m)	88.5 feet (26.975 m)	79.2 feet (24.140 m)
Length (over coupler faces)	79.67 feet (24.283 m)	81.36 feet (24.799 m)	90.7 feet (27.645 m)	81.4 feet (24.811 m)
Weight (empty)	77,161 pounds (35,000 kg)	89,000 pounds (40,370 kg)	97,900 pounds (44,407 kg)	96,000 pounds (43,545 kg)
Car Body	Lightweight welded steel, reinforced fiberglass covers articulation and operator cab portion.	Lightweight welded steel.	Low alloy high tensile steel and composite materials.	Low alloy high tensile steel and composite materials.
Interior	Upholstered neoprene foam (fire-resistant) seat. Rubber flooring. Simulated wood paneling.	Upholstered neoprene foam (fire-resistant) seat. Rubber flooring. Simulated wood paneling.	Cloth-covered loam seats (fire-resistant), rubber flooring, color-coordinated paneling.	Cloth-covered loam seats (fire-resistant), rubber flooring, color-coordinated paneling.
Wheels	Steel-tired with acoustic dampening.	Steel-tired with acoustic dampening.	Steel-tired with acoustic dampening.	Steel-tired with acoustic dampening.
Dynamic Braking	Primary method of stopping car. Fades when speed reduced to approx. ^1⁄2–3 miles per hour (0.8–4.8 km/h). Friction braking completes the stop. Traction motors operate as generators. Full dynamic braking from 50 to 3 miles per hour (80.5 to 4.8 km/h).	Primary method of stopping car. Fades when speed reduced to approx. ^1⁄2–3 miles per hour (0.8–4.8 km/h). Friction braking completes the stop. Traction motors become generators. Full dynamic braking from 55 to 3 miles per hour (88.5 to 4.8 km/h).	Primary method of stopping car. Fades when speed reduced to approx. ^1⁄2–3 miles per hour (0.8–4.8 km/h). Friction braking completes the stop. Traction motors become alternators. Full dynamic braking from 55 to ^1⁄2 mile per hour (88.5 to 0.8 km/h).	Primary method of stopping car. Fades when speed reduced to approx. ^1⁄2–3 miles per hour (0.8–4.8 km/h). Friction braking completes the stop. Traction motors become alternators. Full dynamic braking from 55 to ^1⁄2 mile per hour (88.5 to 0.8 km/h).
Ventilation (cooling and heating unit on entire fleet)	Dynamic air pressure allowing an exchange rate of not less than 20 times per hour.	Dynamic air pressure allowing an exchange rate of not less than 20 times per hour.	Interior air-conditioning and heating to accommodate local climate.	Interior air-conditioning and heating to accommodate local climate.
Speed	50 miles per hour (80.5 km/h) maximum	55 miles per hour (88.5 km/h) maximum	55 miles per hour (88.5 km/h) maximum	55 miles per hour (88.5 km/h) maximum
Overhead Traction Power	600 V DC	600 V DC	600 V DC	600 V DC
Operating Power Requirements	500 kW to accelerate from a stationary position. 150 kW needed to maintain speed.	550 kW to accelerate from a stationary position. 165 kW needed to maintain speed.	130 kW to maintain speed.	130 kW to maintain speed.
Passenger Capacity[4][24]	Seated: 64 Commute: 96 Special Events: 150	Seated: 64 Commute: 96 Special Events: 150	Seated: 64 (52 with wheelchairs) Commute: 104 Special Events: 200	Seated: 60 (52 with wheelchairs) Commute: 102 Special Events: 150
Doors – 8 per car	Individually activated by passenger pushing button after locks released by operator. One for wheelchair lift; low level stair boarding through double-folding doors.	Opened by operator and/or Individually activated by passenger pushing button after locks released by operator. One for wheelchair lift; low level stair boarding through double-folding doors.	Opened by operator and/or Individually activated by passenger pushing button after locks released by operator. All center sliding doors comply with ADA requirements; low-floor boarding through sliding doors.	Opened by operator and/or Individually activated by passenger pushing button after locks released by operator. All center sliding doors comply with ADA requirements; low-floor boarding through sliding doors.
Door Safety System	Includes photo-electric cells and sensitive door leaf edges, weight sensor on lower step.	Photo-electric cells and sensitive door leaf edges.	Photo-electric cells and sensitive door leaf edges.	Photo-electric cells and sensitive door leaf edges.
Wheelchair Lifts	Located at one dedicated door at one end of each vehicle.	Located at one dedicated door at one end of each vehicle.	Bridge plates/ramps on 2 designated doors per car side.	Bridge plates/ramps on 2 designated doors per car side.

In addition, one heritage (1946) Presidents Conference Committee (PCC) streetcar, Car 529, has been operating on the Silver Line since its opening in 2011;^[5] a second restored (1946) PCC streetcar, Car 530, entered service on the Silver Line in March 2015.^[6]

Floor plans

Below are the floor plans of the system's three different models of light rail vehicle, as shown on the website of the MTS.^[4][24]

	Floor plan
Model U2 71 units (originally; now: no longer in operation) Car nos.: 1001 – 1071 First purchase: 1981
Model SD100 52 units Car nos.: 2001 – 2052 First purchase: 1993
Model S70 (Full Length) 11 units Car nos.: 3001 – 3011 First purchase: 2004
Model US-S70 (Streetcar Length) 65 units Car nos.: 4001–4065 First purchase: 2009/2012

See also

San Diego and Arizona Eastern Railway San Diego Electric Railway San Diego Metropolitan Transit System List of bus routes in San Diego San Diego Transit Santa Fe Depot (aka. Union Station) Coaster (commuter rail) Pacific Surfliner

List of United States light rail systems by ridership List of rail transit systems in the United States Light rail in the United States List of North American light rail systems by ridership Light rail in North America North County Transit District Sprinter (light rail) Transportation in San Diego County Transportation in San Diego

Notes

1. A Regional Youth Monthly Pass (for ages 6-18) costs $36.
2. A Premium Youth Monthly Pass (for ages 6-18) costs $50.
3. The cost shown here is the combined cost for both Phases of the Route 560 'Mid-City' Trolley Line.

References

1. "San Diego Trolley, Inc." (pdf). San Diego Metropolitan Transit System. February 2013. Retrieved 2015-12-11 – via http://www.sdmts.com/about-mts.
2. "Vintage Trolley". San Diego Metropolitan Transit System. 2015. Retrieved 2016-03-23.
3. "Transit Ridership Report Fourth Quarter and End-of-Year 2014" (pdf). American Public Transportation Association (APTA). March 3, 2015. Retrieved 2015-03-14 – via http://www.apta.com/resources/statistics/Pages/RidershipArchives.aspx.
4. "San Diego Trolley Light Rail Vehicles" (pdf). San Diego Metropolitan Transit System. February 2015. Retrieved 2015-12-11 – via http://www.sdmts.com/about-mts.
5. "PCC Light Rail Vehicle" (pdf). San Diego Metropolitan Transit System. February 2013. Retrieved 2014-12-11 – via http://www.sdmts.com/about-mts.
6. "Restored Trolley from 1946 Makes Public Debut on Silver Line". San Diego Metropolitan Transit System. March 2, 2015. Retrieved 2016-04-17.
7. "Vintage Trolley – Restoration". San Diego Metropolitan Transit System. 2015. Retrieved 2016-03-23.
8. "History [see: Timeline]". San Diego Metropolitan Transit System. 2015. Retrieved 2015-12-11.
9. Copeland, P. Allen (2002). California Trolleys In Color, Volume 1: San Diego and Los Angeles. Scotch Plains, New Jersey: Morning Sun Books, Inc. p. 27. ISBN 1-58248-076-1.
10. Ristine, Jeff (July 23, 2006). "After 25 years, the trolley keeps on moving". The San Diego Union-Tribune. Retrieved 2009-06-14.
11. "Transit Station Parking". San Diego Metropolitan Transit System (MTS). 2015. Retrieved 2015-12-11.
12. "Trolley [brochure]" (pdf). San Diego Metropolitan Transit System. January 26, 2014. Retrieved 2015-12-11 – via http://www.sdmts.com/schedules-real-time-maps-and-routes/trolley.
13. "Fares & Passes". San Diego Metropolitan Transit System. 2015. Retrieved 2015-12-11.
14. "MTS Media Center – NR Fare Increase 08". San Diego Metropolitan Transit System. September 1, 2008. Retrieved 2015-12-11 – via http://www.sdmts.com/inside-mts-media-center/news-releases.
15. "511 – Compass Card – Home". San Diego Association of Governments (SANDAG). 2012. Retrieved 2013-06-22.
16. "SANDAG 511 – About 511". San Diego Association of Governments (SANDAG). 2013. Retrieved 2013-06-22.
17. "Ridership Record Archives". American Public Transportation Association (APTA). Retrieved 2014-12-18. Click on a link to get the Ridership Report for each Quarter from Q1 1996 onwards.
18. "MTS Announces a Record 95 Million Passengers Rode the Bus and Trolley in FY 2014". San Diego Metropolitan Transit System. August 19, 2014. Retrieved 2014-09-19 – via http://www.sdmts.com/inside-mts-media-center/news-releases.
19. "APTA – Ridership Report Archives". American Public Transportation Association's (APTA). 2015. Retrieved 2015-04-03.
20. "APTA – 2007 Q4 Ridership Report" (pdf). American Public Transportation Association's (APTA). 2013. Retrieved 2013-06-28.
21. "APTA – 2007 Q3 Ridership Report" (pdf). American Public Transportation Association's (APTA). 2013. Retrieved 2013-06-28.
22. "MTS To Purchase 57 New Light Rail Vehicles". KGTV (10 News). September 24, 2009. Retrieved 2009-09-24.
23. Siemens Wins San Diego Light Rail Contract
24. "San Diego Trolley, Inc. Light Rail Vehicles" (PDF). San Diego Metropolitan Transit System. January 2013. Archived from the original (pdf) on 2014-07-09. Retrieved 2013-11-26.
25. "San Diego Trolley Renewal Project Fact Sheet" (pdf). San Diego Association of Governments (SANDAG) & San Diego Metropolitan Transit System (MTS). September 2015. Retrieved 2015-12-11 – via http://www.keepsandiegomoving.com/Trolley/trolley-newsroom-factsheet.aspx.
26. Robert J. Hawkins (September 22, 2010). "Construction Begins To Upgrade SD Trolley - $620M Project To Include New Track, Stations Along Blue, Orange Lines". KGTV ABC10 San Diego. Retrieved 2016-03-23.
27. "Several Blue Line trolley stops to close this weekend". The San Diego Union Tribune. October 27, 2010. Retrieved 2016-03-23.
28. "San Diego U2 Trolleys successfully operate in Argentina". San Diego Metropolitan Transit System. March 9, 2010. Retrieved 2015-12-11 – via http://www.sdmts.com/inside-mts-media-center/news-releases.
29. Bowen, Douglas John (January 30, 2015). "MTS adds S70 LRVs to San Diego Blue Line". Railway Age. Retrieved 2015-02-17.
30. "Trolley Renewal". San Diego Metropolitan Transit System. 2015. Retrieved 2016-04-17 – via http://www.sdmts.com/inside-mts/current-projects.
31. "MTS New Low Floor Trolleys". San Diego Metropolitan Transit System. September 29, 2011. Retrieved 2016-04-17.
32. "Trolley Renewal Breakthrough: New Low-Floor Trolleys Now Operate on the Orange Line!". San Diego Metropolitan Transit System. January 9, 2013. Retrieved 2016-04-17.
33. "The Trolley Blue Line Is Getting a Major Facelift". San Diego Metropolitan Transit System. July 25, 2013. Retrieved 2016-04-17.
34. "Blue Line Upgraded with a New Fleet of Low-Floor Trolley Cars". San Diego Metropolitan Transit System. January 27, 2015. Retrieved 2016-04-17.
35. "Green Line Will Finally Arrive Downtown". KPBS. April 30, 2012. Retrieved 2012-05-01.
36. "SDMTS Service Changes, September 2012". San Diego Metropolitan Transit System. September 2, 2012. Archived from the original on 2015-04-30. Retrieved 2012-10-22.
37. "SDMTS Summer 2010 Newsletter" (PDF). San Diego Metropolitan Transit System. June 2010. Archived from the original (pdf) on 2015-03-19. Retrieved 2012-10-22.
38. "2030 Recommended LPA Operating Plan" (pdf). University of California, San Diego. Retrieved 2011-09-15 – via http://blink.ucsd.edu/.
39. "Mid-Coast Trolley gets key federal approval". U-T San Diego. September 16, 2011. Retrieved 2011-09-17.
40. "Mid-Coast Corridor Transit Project". SANDAG. Retrieved 2016-04-17.
41. "Light Rail Transit Project". University of California, San Diego. Retrieved 2011-09-15 – via http://blink.ucsd.edu/.
42. "Mid-Coast Corridor Transit Project Fact Sheet" (pdf). SANDAG. February 2015. Retrieved 2015-12-11.
43. "MTS City/Park Streetcar Feasibility Study". San Diego Metropolitan Transit System. October 9, 2012. Retrieved 2015-12-27.
44. "MTS Streetcar Proposed Alignment Map". San Diego Metropolitan Transit System. Archived from the original (gif) on 2015-05-11. Retrieved 2013-07-15.
45. "Steering Committee Presentation & Discussion" (pdf). San Diego Metropolitan Transit System. April 5, 2011. p. 3. Retrieved 2011-07-06 – via http://www.sdmts.com/inside-mts-current-projects/streetcar-feasibility-study.
46. "Steering Committee Presentation & Discussion No. 3 Presentation" (pdf). San Diego Metropolitan Transit System. Retrieved 2011-12-17 – via http://www.sdmts.com/inside-mts-current-projects/streetcar-feasibility-study.
47. "STEERING COMMITTEE MEETING No. 2 PRESENTATION" (pdf). San Diego Metropolitan Transit System. Retrieved 2011-07-06 – via http://www.sdmts.com/inside-mts-current-projects/streetcar-feasibility-study.
48. Ojeda, Artie (October 28, 2011). "SANDAG Approves Transportation Plan". NBC San Diego (KNSD). Retrieved 2011-10-30.
49. "PROJECTS :: San Diego's Regional Planning Agency". SANDAG. October 28, 2011. Retrieved 2013-08-01.
50. "2050 Regional Transportation Plan – Chapter 6 – Systems Development: Offering More Travel Choices" (pdf). SANDAG. October 28, 2011. pp. 6–15–6–18 & 6–33. Retrieved 2013-08-01.
51. "Mid-Coast Trolley project achieves major milestone". SANDAG. October 2014. Retrieved 2014-10-31.
52. "Streetcar Feasibility Study". San Diego Metropolitan Transit System. 2015. Retrieved 2015-12-11.
53. "Destination Lindbergh Field Executive Summary" (PDF). Jacobs Consultancy. February 12, 2009. Archived from the original (pdf) on June 15, 2010. Retrieved 2013-08-02.

• Gena Holle, The San Diego Trolley, Interurban Press (1995); "Guideway Planning Project Final Report"
• MTDB (1978); "Report on Feasibility of Using Existing SD&AE ROW for Commuter Service"
• San Diego County (1978); MTDB publicity materials including "San Diego Trolley, Inc. Summary" (1997), MTDB Progress Report 1976–1986; Pacific Southwest Railway Museum, San Diego & Arizona Railway.

External links

Route map: Bing / Google

• Official Metropolitan Transit System website
• San Diego Electric Railway Association
• San Diego Trolley Photos
• Map of the San Diego Trolley System