Taiseki-ji

Taiseki-ji temple complex
大石寺

Taisekiji Tatchū in early April spring season
Information
Mountain name Tahō Fuji Dainichirenge-zan
(多宝富士大日蓮華山)
Denomination Nichiren Shōshū
Venerated Dai-Gohonzon of the High Sanctuary of the Essential Teachings
Founded 1290
People
Founder(s) Nikkō
Priest(s) Nichinyo Shonin
Location
Address Fujinomiya-shi, Shizuoka, Mount Fuji
Country Japan
Website http://www.nichirenshoshu.or.jp/

Taiseki-ji (大石寺 (多宝富士大日蓮華山大石寺) Tahō Fuji Dainichirenge-zan Taiseki-ji) is the head temple (総本山 sōhonzan) of the Nichiren Shōshū school of the Nikko branch of Nichiren Buddhism. It is located on the lower slopes of Mount Fuji in Fujinomiya, Shizuoka Prefecture, Japan.

Taiseki-ji was founded in the year 1290 by Nikkō Shōnin, one of Nichiren's immediate disciples and is known for hosting the venerated Dai-Gohonzon within the Hoando building complex. The land complex is visited annually by faithful believers who go on Tozan religious pilgrimages.

Taiseki-ji today

Nichiren Shōshū’s head temple is the administrative center, and its chief abbot (貫主 kanzu) is simultaneously the high priest (法主 Hossu) of Nichiren Shōshū. The current High Priest is Nichinyo Hayase (1935–), who assumed the position on December 16, 2005, and is the 68th in a lineage that Nichiren Shōshū traces back to Nichiren (1222–1282). The formal reference to the current high priest is commonly styled as 68th High Priest Nichinyo Shōnin in English.

Because it is the head temple of Nichiren Shōshū and therefore home of the Dai Gohonzon, Nichiren Shōshū’s ultimate object of veneration, Taiseki-ji is visited by believers from all around the world who come on personal pilgrimages, to participate in regular ceremonies, or to take part in large events such as temple-group pilgrimages, workshop-like study programs, and large rally-like meetings. The temple is visited by several hundred thousand pilgrims a year, and its compound is known for several historically significant buildings, its gardens, and the old weeping cherry trees that line its tatchū (main path lined with lodging temples). Map of Taisekiji

Early photo of the Dai Gohonzon at Taiseki-ji

Regular ceremonies and events

Events in bold are positioned as the two most important ceremonies of the year.

History

Founding and early period

According to Nichiren Shōshū tradition, Taiseki-ji was founded in 1290 by Nichiren’s disciple Nikkō on a tract of land called Ōishi-ga-hara (大石ケ原) (Big Stone Field) donated by the district steward, Nanjō Tokimitsu (1259–1332). The name derives from an alternate reading of the kanji for Ōishi (大石), taiseki, and ji (寺), which means temple. Tokimitsu was one of Nichiren’s lay followers and he looked up to Nikkō as his personal teacher. It started with one small temple building but grew gradually as Nikkō’s disciples built sub-temples. It went through further growth phases during the mid-Edo period and in the post-World War II period.

Prominent High Priests

Buildings

Sanmon Gate

The Kuronomon and Sanmon (1717) gates

The Sanmon (written 三門, sometimes 山門) gate is Taiseki-ji’s “front door” and has been designated as a Shizuoka prefectural cultural asset. It was built in 1717 with donations from Tenneiin, the wife of sixth Shogun Tokugawa Ienobu.

Mutsubo

The first Mutsubo (六壷) was erected in 1290, making this historically Taiseki-ji’s first building. It has been rebuilt many times since. The current structure, which uses much keyaki heartwood, was completed in 1988.

Reception Hall

The Kyakuden (客殿: Reception Hall) was first built in 1465. The current structure, a wood-clad steel-framed structure, was completed in 1998 and replaced the a previous steel-reinforced concrete building from 1964. The previous structure was built and donated by the laybelievers of Nichiren Shoshu and was replaced because of worries about structural integrity in a major earthquake. The priesthood also cited its imposing ferroconcrete mass as incongruent with the architectural tone appropriate for a temple compound. A pre-war building, which had been requisitioned by the military, burnt down in a June 1945 fire that claimed the life of 62nd High Priest Nikkyō Shonin.

Taisekiji-Kyakuden-sakura-Fuji

The Reception Hall is the site of ushitora Gongyō, a prayer service performed daily at the transition from the “hour of the ox (ushi)” to the “hour of the tiger (tora).” The service begins at about 2:30am and ends about an hour later. This is believed to mark the transition from darkness to light as well as the hour at which all Buddhas attain enlightenment. The service is customarily officiated by the high priest or his proxy. During the service, the officiating priest sits at the front of the room, to the left of and facing the congregation of priests and laity gathered in front of the altar. This signifies that he is guiding the congregation to the Gohonzon so they can achieve enlightenment. The purpose of the service is, among other things, to pray for the spread of the teachings of Nichiren Daishonin throughout the world and thereby bring about peace and prosperity for all humankind.

Mieidō

Miedo (Image hall), Taisekiji

The original Mieidō (御影堂: image hall) was built in 1522. The Mieidō houses an image of Nichiren Daishōnin (hence its name) dating from 1388. The current, classical structure was built in 1632 and has had several subsequent renovations, the most recent major one in 1971. It was designated a cultural asset by Shizuoka Prefecture in 1971. After a major renovation that took ten years, the Mieido was reopend in November 2013. For the renovation, the whole structure was taken apart, piece by piece, damaged parts were repaired, and finally rebuild into its original state. But, underneath the antique structure, and invisible for the eye, a modern, earthquake resistant system is integrated.

Hōandō

The Hōandō (2009)

The Hōandō (奉安堂: hōan is an honorific form of a verb meaning to enshrine or place in an altar; dō is a large building or hall) houses the Dai-Gohonzon, the supreme object of veneration in Nichiren Shōshū.

The Hōandō is built in the style of a traditional Japanese storehouse to signify that kosen-rufu (広宣流布) has yet to be achieved. Loosely defined, kōsen rufu means that the Nichiren Shōshū faith has taken hold as the primary religion of the world’s people. This is significant to the Nichiren Shōshū faithful because they believe that, according to Nichiren’s will, the Dai-Gohonzon is not to be made publicly accessible, but rather stored away and only viewed by those who have asked for and been granted an audience by the high priest, until kōsen rufu has been achieved. A further symbol of this is that, different from all other Nichiren Shōshū altars, the one in the Hōandō is not decorated with an offering of evergreens, and non-believers are permitted in the building only on special occasions.

Numerous relics from Taiseki-ji’s 750-year history are kept in the Treasure House

The Hōandō replaced the Shōhondō (正本堂: true main hall), the Dai-Gohonzon’s previous home. Before the Shōhondō was completed in 1972, the Dai-Gohonzon had been kept locked away in a storehouse called the Treasure House (御宝蔵: Gohōzō) or enshrined in the Hōanden (奉安殿), another storehouse-like structure built behind the Treasure House.[1]

Treasure House

The treasure house (Gohozo) is only open to believers. Inside there are some scrolls and paintings of importance to this sect of Nichiren Buddhism, as well as information about the religion and its history. It also features modest displays of cultural objects from countries where they have attracted converts.

Pagoda

Taiseki-ji’s pagoda

Completed in 1749, Taiseki-ji’s pagoda (Tō) faces west rather than the usual south to signify that Nichiren Buddhism would spread from the east (Japan) to the west (back to the land of Sakyamuni Buddha and beyond). It is the largest five-storied pagoda along the Tōkaidō, the historical main highway along Japan’s eastern seaboard from Edo (today’s Tokyo) to Kyoto. The structure was designated a national cultural treasure in 1966. It is opened every February 16 for ceremonies to celebrate Nichiren’s birthday.

Shōhondō

The Shōhondō hall of the Taiseki-ji temple. Constructed in 1972, demolished in 1998.

The Shōhondō was the main temple building at Taiseki-ji, from 1972 until its demolition in 1998. It was built to house the Dai-Gohonzon, an inscribed wood block mandala which is the True Object of Worship of Nichiren Shōshū. In 1968 approximately 8,000,000 Soka Gakkai adherents contributed money to construct the building.[2]

The Shōhondō was regarded as an important work of post-war Japanese architecture, noted for its vast unsupported roof span. The construction of the Shōhondō was funded largely by the personal donations of the lay believers of the Nichiren Shōshū. An estimated ¥35,536,000,000 was raised, of which ¥35,064,300,000 came from Sōka Gakkai adherents, ¥313,820,000 from Hokkekō adherents and ¥157,870,000 from priests and their families.[3]

Nichiren Shōshū concedes that its demolition of the Shōhondō was an extension of the doctrinal dispute between it and the Sōka Gakkai.[4] The then Nichiren Shōshū High Priest, Nikken Shōnin, decided to replace the Shōhondō with the Hōandō.

The demolition caused widespread dismay among architects, including Richard Meier and Robert A M Stern. Terence Riley, chief curator of architecture and design at the Museum of Modern Art in New York, said that the planned demolition would be a "regrettable finale" to a century that has "witnessed so much loss."[5]

External links

35°16′56″N 138°35′09″E / 35.282107°N 138.5858°E / 35.282107; 138.5858Coordinates: 35°16′56″N 138°35′09″E / 35.282107°N 138.5858°E / 35.282107; 138.5858

Map of Taisekiji on the Nichiren Shoshu website

Sources and references

Notes

  1. ↑ Shōhondō was largely built at the behest of Soka Gakkai, but the Nichiren Shōshū priesthood stripped Soka Gakkai of its status as a lay organization in 1991 and later determined that a structure built by an organization that had turned heretical was no longer suited to house the Dai-Gohonzon: In the priesthood’s eyes, Soka Gakkai had proved through its actions that its motivation for building the Shōhondō was impure, so Nichiren Shōshū had the Shōhondō torn down. In this context, Nichiren Shōshū freely concedes that its demolition of the Shōhondō was an extension of the doctrinal dispute between it and Soka Gakkai (Sōka Gakkai-in e no shakubuku kyōhon [Text for refuting Soka Gakkai's misrepresentations to its members], Takisekiji, 2004. p. 330–331). There had been friction over the naming of the building from around the time construction began because many Nichiren Shōshū priests felt that, given that kōsen rufu had not yet been achieved, it was too early to erect Taiseki-ji’s "True Main Hall" (Ibid, p. 74–75). Taisekiji has traditionally regarded the Mieidō (see above) as the temple’s hondō (main hall), but only its provisional main hall until kōsen rufu is achieved, when the building housing the Dai-Gohonzon would take over that role. Note that almost all temples, regardless of school, have one building or section of a building considered their hondō, which is usually where their most significant ceremonies are held.
  2. ↑ Ikeda, Kiyoaki Murata ; foreword by Daisaku (1969). Japan's new Buddhism : an objective account of Soka Gakkai. ([1st ed.]. ed.). New York: Weatherhill. p. 135. ISBN 978-0834800403.
  3. ↑ Corrigendum in Dai-Nichiren, July 1991. Published by Nichiren Shōshū.
  4. ↑ Sōka Gakkai-in e no shakubuku kyōhon (Text for refuting Soka Gakkai's misrepresentations to its adherents), Taisekiji, 2004. pp. 330– 331.
  5. ↑ "A Major Eruption At the Foot of Fuji". members.aol.com. Washington Post. June 14, 1998. Archived from the original on 1999-11-03. This article is also referenced in Jane Hurst, "A Buddhist Reformation", in Global Citizens: The Soka Gakkai Buddhist Movement in the World eds. David W. Machacek, Bryan R. Wilson, Oxford University Press, 2001, p.70
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