Silvio O. Conte National Fish and Wildlife Refuge

Silvio O. Conte National Fish and Wildlife Refuge
IUCN category IV (habitat/species management area)
Map of the United States
Location	Connecticut, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Vermont, United States
Coordinates	44°46′05″N 71°42′09″W / 44.76819°N 71.70251°W / 44.76819; -71.70251Coordinates: 44°46′05″N 71°42′09″W / 44.76819°N 71.70251°W / 44.76819; -71.70251
Area	31,216 acres (126.33 km²)
Established	1997
Governing body	U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
http://www.fws.gov/r5soc/

Silvio O. Conte National Fish and Wildlife Refuge was established in 1997 to conserve, protect and enhance the abundance and diversity of native plant, fish and wildlife species and the ecosystems on which they depend throughout the 7,200,000-acre (29,000 km²) Connecticut River watershed. The watershed covers large areas of Vermont, New Hampshire, Massachusetts and Connecticut. It contains a great diversity of habitats, notably: northern forest valuable as nesting habitat for migrant thrushes, warblers and other birds; rivers and streams used by shad, salmon, herring and other migratory fishes; and an internationally significant complex of high-quality tidal fresh, brackish and salt marshes.

The refuge works in partnership with a wide variety of individuals and organizations to provide environmental education, to encourage and support appropriate habitat conservation and management on public and private lands, and to protect additional habitat.

The refuge has three cooperative visitor centers: in Colebrook, New Hampshire;^[1] at the Montshire Museum of Science in Norwich, Vermont; and Great Falls Discovery Center near the headquarters in Turners Falls, Massachusetts. The refuge currently consists of seven units (small tracts) and two divisions (large tracts): 33 acres (13 ha) of wetlands and a riverine sand spit that hosts a federally listed beetle in Cromwell, Connecticut; a 4-acre (1.6 ha) island in Deerfield, Massachusetts; 30 acres (12 ha) at the base of Mount Toby in Sunderland, Massachusetts; an 18-acre (7.3 ha) upland and wetland parcel in Westfield, Massachusetts; 140 acres (57 ha) on Mount Tom in Holyoke, Massachusetts; 20 acres (8.1 ha) along the river in Greenfield, Massachusetts; 278 acres (113 ha) which host a federally endangered plant in Putney, Vermont; 1,023 acres (414 ha) on the Mohawk River in Columbia, New Hampshire (the newest division, which opened in 2007);^[2] 3,670 acres (1,490 ha) surrounding the Audubon Society of New Hampshire's Pondicherry Refuge^[3] in Jefferson, New Hampshire; and 26,000 acres (11,000 ha) in the Nulhegan Basin^[4] in Essex County, Vermont.

The refuge is named for Silvio O. Conte, a late, longtime member of the United States House of Representatives for Massachusetts who worked to preserve and protect the environment.

Invasive species

People have spread species from one geographic area to another throughout history, inadvertently as well as purposefully. Usually, this does not create a problem. However, there are a small percentage of species, that when removed from the insects, diseases, and competing species that control their numbers in their native area, become established, spread rapidly, displace native species, and may even change the way an ecosystem works.

Only a small number of the thousands of species that have been either purposefully or accidentally introduced into the watershed have the potential to become, or have already become, invasive. However, when certain species are introduced from other places and find conditions favorable, they may be able to out-compete native species, especially if they have no predators adapted to control them in their new location. Many of these species were first introduced specifically because they were easy to establish, hardy and disease resistant. In addition to the initial introductions, human activities can favor the spread of many of these species. When a species can spread into natural communities, become established, displace native species, and cause ecological and economic damage, it is said to have become invasive.

These "invasive" species pose a great threat to the native biodiversity this refuge was established to protect, so refuge staff are very active in educating the public and specific target audiences about the issue. They work on early detection and rapid response and control projects.

Invasive plants

Although some birds and mammals have been introduced, fish and plants have been the most common introductions. According to Bickford and Dymon (1990), 950 of the 2,700 plants in Massachusetts have been introduced. Problems are being caused by invasive plants throughout the watershed. Although common reed (Phragmites communis) and purple loosestrife (Lythrum salicaria) degrade wetlands throughout the watershed, these two plants seem much more widespread in Connecticut, affecting a great number of wetland acres there. Another plant affecting both wetland and upland habitats in Connecticut is Japanese stilt grass (Microstegium vimineum). Oriental bittersweet (Celastrus orbiculatus), Japanese knotweed (Polygonum cuspidatum), multiflora rose (Rosa multiflora), buckthorns (Rhamnus cathartica and Rhamnus frangula), and Japanese barberry (Berberis thunbergii) are widespread in upland areas, with the knotweed extending into New Hampshire and Vermont. Eurasian milfoil (Myriophyllum spicatum) is a problem in many ponds and lakes in the watershed.

Non-indigenous fish

Non-indigenous fish species are found throughout the length of the Connecticut River and its tributaries. There are more introduced fish species in the watershed than there are native species. Of the freshwater fish species found within the watershed, there are 33 native or indigenous freshwater species and 35 non-indigenous. Many species were introduced in an effort to provide recreational fisheries, specifically trout, bass, pike and sunfish. Native species populations were reduced because of exploitation, habitat loss, and water quality degradation. Land management practices including forestry and dairy and truck farms, damming for industry, and industrial discharges have resulted in altered habitat and water quality conditions that were better suited for non-indigenous species.

The distributions and populations of fish are better known than those of any other aquatic species. The state fishery and heritage agencies are working together to avoid the loss of native fish species as a result of the purposeful or accidental introduction of non-native fish and plant and animal species.

Invasive invertebrates

Asiatic clam (Corbicula fluminea) is a freshwater clam that first entered North America in the early 1900s, reaching the mid-Atlantic states in the 1970s and 1980s. The animal obtains a size of approximately one-half inch as an adult. The Asiatic clam has been identified in the lower reach of the Connecticut River. It is of great concern because it has an extremely high reproduction rate, an average of 70,000 offspring per adult per year. It is of great economic concern because of its ability to clog industrial water intake pipes. It is a serious environmental threat to the ecosystem because it will displace native mollusk species. It has the potential to greatly disrupt native fish and other aquatic animal and plant species both because of the physical presence of the clams, which achieve a high density (10,000 to 20,000 individuals per square yard), and its effect on the food web.

Zebra mussels (Dreissena polymorpha), although not yet present in the Connecticut River system, could do very significant harm to native freshwater mussels. The animal obtains a size of approximately ½ inch to 1½ inches as an adult. It is of great concern because, similarly to the Asiatic clam (above), it has an incredible propensity to reproduce. It is also of great economic concern because of its observed ability in the Great Lakes and elsewhere to clog water intake pipes of waste water treatment plants, electric generation plants, and industrial operations. It is a serious environmental threat to the ecosystem because it will displace native mollusk species. It has the potential to greatly disrupt native fish and other aquatic animal and plant species as a result of its physical presence and its effect on the food web. Because of the massive populations rapidly produced by the mussels, they filter from the water vast amounts of algae, phytoplankton, and zooplankton. This eliminates or greatly reduces the food supply for other organisms.

Mute swans

The population of Mute swans (Cygnus olor) is increasing in Connecticut. They cause damage to plants which provide food for other waterfowl and they outcompete native waterfowl for nesting habitat.

Introduced forest pests

Introduced forest pests are also a huge problem. Gypsy moths have caused widespread damage over the years. In addition, attempts to control them have severely affected non-target native species. DDT spraying for gypsy moth control in the 1950s and 1960s severely depressed the populations of many butterflies and other insects.

The woolly adelgid, an introduced aphid (Adelges tsugae), is presently killing hemlock trees, often found on steep slopes near the rivers in Connecticut, posing potential erosion problems. Diseases, such as chestnut blight, Dutch elm disease, and a fungus affecting butternut trees, also have major effects on species and the makeup of natural communities.

External links

This article incorporates public domain material from websites or documents of the United States Fish and Wildlife Service.

References

↑ Great Northwoods Interpretive Center of the Silvio O. Conte National Fish and Wildlife Refuge
↑ Mohawk River Division of the Silvio O. Conte National Fish and Wildlife Refuge
↑ Pondicherry Division of the Silvio O. Conte National Fish and Wildlife Refuge
↑ Nulhegan Division of the Silvio O. Conte National Fish and Wildlife Refuge

Protected areas of Connecticut

National Park Service	Weir Farm National Historic Site

National Wildlife Refuges	Silvio O. Conte Stewart B. McKinney

National Trails	Appalachian Trail New England National Scenic Trail Washington–Rochambeau Revolutionary Route

State Parks	Above All Air Line Beaver Brook Becket Hill State Park Reserve Beckley Furnace Industrial Monument Bennett's Pond Bigelow Hollow Black Rock Bluff Point Bolton Notch Brainard Homestead Burr Pond Camp Columbia Campbell Falls Chatfield Hollow Collis P. Huntington Connecticut Valley Railroad Dart Island State Park Day Pond Dennis Hill Devil's Hopyard Dinosaur Eagle Landing Farm River Farmington Canal Fort Griswold Battlefield Fort Trumbull Gardner Lake Gay City George Dudley Seymour George Waldo Gillette Castle Haddam Island Haddam Meadows Haley Farm Hammonasset Beach Harkness Memorial Haystack Mountain Higganum Reservoir Hop River State Park Trail Hopemead Hopeville Pond Horse Guard Housatonic Meadows Humaston Brook Hurd Indian Well John A. Minetto Kent Falls Kettletown Killingly Pond Lake Waramaug Lamentation Mountain Larkin State Park Trail Lovers Leap Macedonia Brook Machimoodus Mansfield Hollow Mashamoquet Brook Mianus River Millers Pond Minnie Island Mohawk Mountain Mono Pond Moosup Valley State Park Trail Mooween Mount Bushnell Mount Riga Mount Tom Old Furnace Osbornedale Penwood Platt Hill Pomeroy Putnam Memorial Quaddick Quinebaug Lake Quinnipiac River River Highlands Rocky Glen Rocky Neck Ross Pond Salt Rock State Campground Satan's Kingdom State Recreation Area Scantic River Selden Neck Seth Low Pierrepont Sherwood Island Silver Sands Sleeping Giant Southford Falls Squantz Pond Stillwater Pond Stoddard Hill Stratton Brook Sunnybrook Sunrise Resort Talcott Mountain Tri-Mountain Trout Brook Valley Wadsworth Falls West Rock Ridge Wharton Brook Whittemore Glen Windsor Locks Canal State Park Trail Windsor Meadows Wooster Mountain

State Forests	Algonquin American Legion Centennial Watershed Cockaponset Enders James L. Goodwin Housatonic Massacoe Mattatuck Meshomasic Mohawk Mohegan Nassahegon Natchaug Nathan Hale Naugatuck Nehantic Nepaug Nipmuck Nye-Holman Pachaug Paugnut Paugussett People's Pootatuck Quaddick Salmon River Shenipsit Topsmead Tunxis Wyantenock

Reservoirs	Aspetuck Reservoir Barkhamsted Reservoir Candlewood Lake Hop Brook Lake Lake Lillinonah Mansfield Hollow Lake Saugatuck Reservoir West Hartford Reservoir Lake Zoar

Private	Aspetuck Land Trust Aton Forest Bartlett Arboretum and Gardens Bear Mountain Branford Land Trust Beckley Bog Case Mountain Cathedral Pines Connecticut Audubon Society Center at Fairfield Connecticut College Arboretum Devil's Den Preserve Earthplace Great Mountain Forest Higby Mountain Highstead Arboretum Joshua's Tract Conservation and Historic Trust McLean Game Refuge New Canaan Nature Center Peter's Rock Pine Mountain Reserve Saltonstall Mountain Stamford Museum & Nature Center Steep Rock Association Weantinoge Heritage Land Trust White Memorial Foundation Woodcock Nature Center

Trails	American Legion State Forest Trails Aspetuck Valley Trail Blue-Blazed Trails Chatfield Trail Hancock Brook Trail Housatonic Range Trail Lillinonah Trail Mattabesett Trail Menunkatuck Trail Metacomet Trail Narragansett Trail Natchaug Trail Naugatuck Trail Nehantic Trail Nipmuck Trail Paugussett Trail Pequot Trail Quinnipiac Trail Regicides Trail Salmon River Trail Shenipsit Trail Tunxis Trail Westwoods Trails Whitestone Cliffs Trail Zoar Trail

Nature centers	List of nature centers in Connecticut

Connecticut Department of Environmental Protection (web)

Protected areas of Massachusetts

Federal

National Historical Parks	Adams Blackstone River Valley Boston Lowell Minute Man New Bedford Whaling

National Historic Sites	Boston African American Frederick Law Olmsted John Fitzgerald Kennedy Longfellow House–Washington's Headquarters Salem Maritime Saugus Iron Works Springfield Armory

Other National Park Service Units	Appalachian National Scenic Trail Boston Harbor Islands National Recreation Area Cape Cod National Seashore

National Wildlife Refuges	Assabet River Great Meadows Mashpee Massasoit Monomoy Nantucket Nomans Land Oxbow Parker River Silvio O. Conte Thacher Island

Other	Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary Waquoit Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve West Hill Dam (USACE)

State

State Parks	Alewife Brook Ames Nowell Ashland Bash Bish Falls Blackstone River and Canal Heritage Borderland Boston Harbor Islands Bradley Palmer C. M. Gardner Callahan Castle Island State Park Chicopee Memorial City Square Clarksburg Cochituate Connecticut River Greenway Demarest Lloyd Dighton Rock Dunn Ellisville Harbor Fall River Heritage Gardner Heritage Great Brook Farm Halibut Point Hampton Ponds Holyoke Heritage Hopkinton Lake Lorraine Lake Wyola Lawrence Heritage Lowell Heritage Lynn Heritage Massasoit Maudslay Moore Mount Holyoke Range Natural Bridge Nickerson Pearl Hill Pilgrim Quinsigamond Robinson Roxbury Heritage Rutland Skinner South Cape Beach Wahconah Falls Webb Memorial Wells Western Gateway Heritage Whitehall Wompatuck

Reservations	Beaver Brook Belle Isle Marsh Blue Hills Breakheart Charles River Chestnut Hill Cutler Dorchester Shores Elm Bank Fort Phoenix Hammond Pond Hemlock Gorge Horseneck Beach Jug End Lynn Shore Middlesex Fells Mount Everett Mount Greylock Mount Sugarloaf Mount Tom Myles Standish Mystic River Nahant Beach Nantasket Beach Nasketucket Bay Neponset River Pope John Paul II Purgatory Chasm Quincy Quarries Quincy Shore Revere Beach Rumney Marsh Salisbury Beach Sandy Point Scusset Beach Stony Brook Upper Charles River Wachusett Mountain Walden Pond West Island Weymouth Wilson Mountain

Other	Appalachian Trail Ashuwillticook Rail Trail Cape Cod Rail Trail Fort Revere Lake Dennison Recreation Area Lower Neponset River Trail Nashua River Rail Trail Norwottuck Rail Trail Quabbin Reservoir Southwest Corridor Park Squantum Point Park Streeter Point Recreation Area Sudbury Reservoir Wachusett Reservoir Ware River Watershed Area

State Forests	Barnstable Beartown Berkley Brimfield Chester-Blandford DAR Douglas Erving F. Gilbert Hills Federated Women's Club Franklin Freetown-Fall River Georgetown-Rowley Gilbert A. Bliss Granville Harold Parker Kenneth Dubuque Memorial Leominster Lowell-Dracut-Tyngsboro Manuel F. Correllus Mohawk Trail Monroe Mount Grace Mount Washington Myles Standish October Mountain Otter River Pittsfield Sandisfield Savoy Mountain Shawme-Crowell Spencer Tolland Upton Wendell Willard Brook Willowdale Windsor

Wildlife Management Areas	Agawam Lake Agawam Mill Pond Ashby Ashfield Hawley Attitash Ayer Game Farm Baddacook Pond Bakers Pond Bay Circuit Trail Bearse Pond Becket Bennett Birch Hill Black Brook Blackstone / West River Bolton Flats Boxboro Station Brayton Point Salt Marsh Breakneck Brook Brewer Brook Bullock Ledge Burrage Pond Canoe River Catamount Chalet Chase Garden Creek Salt Marsh Childs River Chockalog Swamp Church Homestead Clapps Pond Clinton Bluff Concord River Connecticut River Cook Pond Copicut Coy Hill Crane Pond Cummington Cusky Pond Dartmoor Farm Darwin Scott Memorial Day Mountain Deerfield River Dogfish Bar Beach Coastal Dolomite Ledges Dunstable Brook E. Kent Swift Eagle Island East Mountain Eastham Salt Marsh Elbow Meadow English Salt Marsh Eugene D. Moran Facing Rock Fairfield Brook Farmington River Fish Brook Fisherville Pond Fisk Forestdale Lot Fisk Meadows Five Mile River Flagg Swamp Flint Pond Four Chimneys Fox Den Fox Island Salt Marsh Frances A. Crane Freetown Swamp George L. Darey Housatonic Valley Glen Echo Lake Gosnold Grassy Pond (Dennis) Grassy Pond (Plymouth) Green River (Franklin County) Green River (Berkshire County) Greenfield River Halfway Pond Hamilton Hancock Harlow / Cooks Pond Haskell Swamp Hauk Swamp Hawksnest State Park Hawley Head Of The Plains Herman Covey High Ridge Hinsdale Flats Hiram H. Fox Hockomock Swamp Hog Pond Lot Honey Pot Hoosatonic River Hoosic River Hop Brook Housatonic River Hubbard Brook Hunting Hills Hyannis Ponds Ipswich River John J. Kelly Joint Base Cape Cod Jug End Fen Jug End Kampoosa Fen Katama Plains Knops Pond Konkapot River Lackey Pond Lake Lorraine Lake Rohunta Lake Snipatuit Lake Warner Lanesboro Lawrence Brook Lawrence Pond Lot Leadmine Leyden Lilly Pond Little Alum Pond Long Sought For Pond Maple Hill Maple Springs Martha Deering Martin H. Burns Mascuppic Lake Mashpee Pine Barrens Mashpee Pond Lot Mashpee River Mckinstry Brook Meetinghouse Swamp Merrill Pond Miacomet Heath Mill River Millers River Mine Brook Montague Plains Montague Moose Brook Moose Brook Moose Hill Mossy Pond Mount Watatic Reservation Mt. Esther Mt. Toby Highlands Mt. Toby Mt. Tom Muddy Brook Muddy Pond Mulpus Brook Nashua River Natty Brook Nemasket River Nissitissit River Noquochoke Nordeen Marsh North Brookfield North Shore Salt Marsh Northboro Oakham Olivers Pond Orange Otis Packard Pond Palmer Pantry Brook Pauchaug Brook Peru Peterson Swamp Phillipston Podunk Marsh Poland Brook Popple Camp Popponesset Beach Poutwater Pond Powell Brook Prince River Provincetown Route 6 Corridor Purchade Brook Quaboag Quacumquasit Quag Pond Bog Quashnet River Quashnet Woods State Reservation Quinapoxet River Quinsigamond Marsh Quisset Raccoon Hill Rainbow Beach Red Brook Richardson Robbins Pond Rochester Rocky Gutter Rowe Salisbury Salt Marsh Salisbury Salt Marsh Sandwich Game Farm Sandy Pond Satan's Kingdom Savage Hill Savoy Sawmill River Scorton Creek Coastal SE Mass Bioreserve Sevenmile River Shattuck Brook Sheperds Island Shubael Pond Sibley Brook Sly Pond South Barrier Beach South Meadow Pond South Shore Salt Marsh South Triangle Pond Southampton Southwick Spectacle Pond Springhill Lot Sputtermill Pond Squannacook River Stafford Hill Sudbury River Sunderland Islands Taconic Mountain Taunton River Taunton River Tekoa Mountain Thad Ellis Thayer Pond Three Mile Pond Townsend Townsend Hill Trapfall Brook Triangle Pond Tully Brook Tully Mountain Tully River Wakeby Pond Wales Walnut Hill Ware River Warwick Wendell West Meadows Westboro Westfield River Westfield Weymouth Back River Whately Great Swamp Whately Ponds Whately Wilbraham Game Farm William Forward Williams River Williamsburg Winimusset Wolf Swamp

Wildlife Sanctuaries	Billingsgate Island Carr Island E. Howe Forbush Egg Rock Grace A. Robson J.C. Phillips Knight Penikese Island Ram Island (Salisbury) Ram Island (Mattapoisett) Susan B. Minns Tarpaulin Cove Watatic Mountain

Private

The Nature Conservancy	Black Pond Bog Boat Meadow Francis Newhall Woods Grassy Pond Greene Swamp Halfway Pond Island Hawley Bog Hockomock Swamp Hoft Farm Homer-Watcha Preserve Katama Plains McElwain-Olsen Miacomet Moors Reed Brook Drury Sandy Neck David H. Smith Preserve and Fire Trail Stacy Mountain Tatkon

Trustees of Reservations	Agassiz Rock Appleton Farms Appleton Farms Grass Rides Ashintully Gardens Bartholomew's Cobble Bear's Den Bear Swamp Colonel John Ashley House Francis William Bird Park Eleanor Cabot Bradley Estate Bridge Island Meadows Brooks Woodland William Cullen Bryant Homestead Cape Poge Cedariver Castle Hill Chapel Brook Charles River Peninsula Chase Woodlands Chesterfield Gorge Coolidge Copicut Woods Cormier Woods Coskata-Coatue Wildlife Refuge Crane Beach Crane Wildlife Refuge Crowninshield Island Dexter Drumlin Dinosaur Footprints Doane's Falls Doyle Dry Hill East Over Elliott Laurel Field Farm Fork Factory Brook Glendale Falls Goose Pond Greenwood Farm Halibut Point Hamlin Holmes Governor Hutchinson's Field Jacobs Hill Little Tom Mountain Long Hill Long Point Lowell Holly Lyman Reserve Malcolm Mashpee River McLennan Medfield Meadow Lots Medfield Rhododendrons Menemsha Hills Misery Islands Mission House Monument Mountain Moose Hill Farm Mount Ann Park Mountain Meadow Mytoi Naumkeag Noanet Woodlands Noon Hill Norris North Common Meadow Norton Point Beach Notchview Old Manse Old Town Hill Peaked Mountain Pegan Hill Peters Petticoat Hill Pierce Pine and Hemlock Knoll Powisset Farm Questing Quinebaug Woods Ravenswood Park Redemption Rock Rock House Rocky Narrows Rocky Woods Royalston Falls Shattuck Signal Hill Slocum's River Stavros Stevens-Coolidge Swift River Tantiusques Tully Lake Campground Two Mile Farm Tyringham Cobble Ward Wasque Weir Hill Weir River Farm Westport Town Farm Whitney and Thayer Woods World's End

Audubon Society Wildlife Sanctuaries	Arcadia Broad Meadow Brook Broadmoor Daniel Webster Drumlin Farm High Ledges Ipswich River Moose Hill North River Pleasant Valley Stony Brook Wachussett Meadow Wellfleet Bay

Other	Concord Land Conservation Trust Harvard Forest Lincoln Land Conservation Trust Lloyd Center for the Environment Lynn Woods Reservation Norcross Wildlife Sanctuary

Executive Office of Energy and Environmental Affairs (Massachusetts)

Protected areas of New Hampshire

Federal

National Historic Site	Saint-Gaudens

National Forests	White Mountain

National Trails	Appalachian Trail

National Wildlife Refuges	Great Bay John Hay Silvio O. Conte Umbagog Wapack

Other Protected Areas	Great Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve

State

State Parks	Ahern Androscoggin Annett Bear Brook Bear's Den Beaver Brook Falls Bedell Bridge Binney Pond Bradford Pines Cardigan Cathedral Ledge Chesterfield Gorge Clough Coleman Crawford Notch Crosby Mountain Curtiss Dogwood Daniel Webster Birthplace Deer Mountain Campground Dixville Notch Dublin Lake Echo Lake Eisenhower Memorial Ellacoya Endicott Rock Forest Lake Fort Constitution Fort Stark Franconia Notch Franklin Pierce Homestead Gardner Memorial Wayside Governor Wentworth Historical Site Greenfield Hampton Beach Hannah Duston Heath Pond Bog Humphrey's Ledge Jenness Jeremy Hill Jericho Mountain Kingston Lake Francis Lake Tarleton Madison Boulder Mascot Mine Milan Hill Miller Mollidgewock Monadnock Moose Brook Mt. Sunapee Mt. Washington Nansen Wayside North Hampton Northwood Meadows Odiorne Point Otter Brook Pawtuckaway Pillsbury Pisgah Plummer's Ledge Rhododendron Robert Frost Rollins Rye Harbor Sculptured Rocks Silver Lake Smith's Ferry Taylor Mill Umbagog Lake Wadleigh Wallis Sands Wantastiquet Mountain Weeks Wellington Wentworth Wentworth-Coolidge Mansion White Island White Lake Winslow

State Forests	Abbott Agnew Allen Alton Bay Ames Ammonoosuc Annett Annie Duncan Ashenden Ayers Ballard Bear Mountain Belknap Mountain Benton Big Island Black Mountain Blair Blue Job Mountain Bowditch-Runnels Cape Horn Cardigan Mountain Carroll Casalis Chemung Cilley Connecticut Lakes Connecticut River Contoocook Conway Common Lands Cowden Craney Hill Cushman Davisville Davis-White Devils Slide District #5 Dodge Brook Eaton Fall Mountain Fay Feuer Foster & Colburn Fox Gay George Duncan Gile Gilmore Goodwin-Chandler Grant Green Mountain Hamel Harriman-Chandler Haven Hemenway Hodgman Honey Brook Hubbard Hill Huston-Morgan Hyland Hill Kearsarge Mountain Lang Station Lead Mine Leighton Litchfield Little Pine River Livermore Falls Lord Pines Lovewell Mountain Low Marshall Mascoma Mast Yard Max Israel Meadow Pond Merrimack River Merriman Mt. Major Nash Stream Nottingham Nursery Opechee Bay Page Page's Corner Paugus Bay Percy Pine River Piscataquog Powwow River Prescott Province Road Ragged Mountain Reed's Ferry Rock Rimmon Russell Russell-Abbott Russell-Shea Saltmarsh Pond Sanborn Scribner-Fellows Second Presidential Sentinel Mountain Shadow Hill Shaker Shieling Sky Pond Soucook River Southeast Stevens Pines Strawberry Hill Sugar Hill Swain Taylor Totten Trails Upton Morgan Urban Forestry Center Vienna Smith Vincent Wade Walker Welton Falls West Iron Works Road White Farm William Thomas Woodman

Other

Other	Lost River Reservation Proctor Wildlife Sanctuary Sheldrick Forest Preserve

New Hampshire Department of Resources and Economic Development (web)

Protected areas of Vermont

Federal	Appalachian Trail Conte National Fish and Wildlife Refuge Green Mountain National Forest Marsh-Billings-Rockefeller National Historical Park Missisquoi National Wildlife Refuge White Rocks National Recreation Area

State Parks	Alburg Dunes Allis Ascutney Big Deer Bomoseen Boulder Beach Branbury Brighton Burton Island Button Bay Camel's Hump Camp Plymouth Cheney House Coolidge Crystal Lake D.A.R. Elmore Emerald Lake Fort Dummer Gifford Woods Grand Isle Green River Reservoir Half Moon Jamaica Kettle Pond Kill Kare Kingsland Bay Knight Island Knight Point Lake Carmi Lake Shaftsbury Lake St. Catherine Litte River Lowell Lake Maidstone Molly Stark Mount Philo New Discovery North Hero Quechee Ricker Pond Sand Bar Seyon Lodge Silver Lake Smugglers' Notch Stillwater Stone Hut Thetford Hill Townshend Underhill Waterbury Center Wilgus Woodford Woods Island

State Forests	Aitkin Albert C. Lord Arlington Calvin Coolidge Cambridge Camels Hump Charles Downer Darling Emerald Lake State Forest Grafton Groton Hapgood Hazens Notch Jay John J. Dorano Jones Mathewson Molly Stark Morristown Mount Carmel Mount Mansfield Okemo Proctor-Piper Putnam Roxbury Rupert Thetford Hill Townshend Victory Washington West Rutland William C. Putnam Williams River Willoughby

Private	Babcock Nature Preserve

Vermont Department of Forests, Parks & Recreation

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