Squeeze play (bridge)

A squeeze play (or squeeze) is a tactic, often occurring late in the hand, used in contract bridge and other trick-taking games in which the play of a card (the squeeze card) forces an opponent to discard a winner or the guard of a potential winner. Although numerous types of squeezes have been analyzed and catalogued in contract bridge, they were first discovered and described in whist.

Most squeezes operate on the principle that declarer's and dummy's hands can, between them, hold more cards with the potential to take extra tricks than a single defender's hand can protect or guard. Infrequently, due to of the difficulty of coordinating their holdings, two defenders can cooperate to squeeze declarer or dummy on the same principle.

Context

Complexity

Squeeze plays are considered by many "to be the domain of the experts but many of the positions are straightforward once the basic principles are understood."^[1] And according to Terence Reese, the squeeze play "in its practical aspects is not particularly difficult. It takes time, admittedly...and has...to be learned - it cannot be 'picked up'".^[2]

Significance and prevalence

Squeeze plays are important in difficult-to-make high-level contracts and in matchpoint play where the taking of one more trick than generally achieved by the field is a real difference-maker likely to result in a top board. The opportunity to employ a squeeze play arises sufficiently frequently that it essential to learn if aspiring to become an advancing player.^[3]^,^[4]

Terminology

Busy cards: Cards held by defenders which are winners or protecting winners.
Card reading: Determining or assuming the location of the opponents' cards.
The count: The number of tricks that must be lost before the squeeze can function.
Rectify the count: To lose the necessary number of tricks.
Entry: A high card or trump that enables declarer to place the lead in the hand that holds, or that will hold, another card that the squeeze has established.
Idle cards: Cards that can safely be discarded by defenders (i.e., are not busy). Rectifying the count removes idle cards from the defenders' hands.
Menace or threat cards: Cards held by declarer or dummy which start out as losers, but which may be promoted to winning rank when the squeeze forces the defense to discard its stoppers.
Squeeze card: The card which (when led) forces the defense to discard a busy card or cards. Before the squeeze card can bring the squeeze about, several conditions described below must be met.^[5]

Conditions

The most basic forms of squeeze require all the following conditions to be in place before the squeeze can operate:^[6]

The defense's guards in the threat suits must be held by one defender only.
The count has been rectified which ensures that:
- Declarer has enough winners to take all the remaining tricks but one, which is to be gained from the squeeze; and
- The defender being squeezed has no idle cards.
Between them, declarer and dummy have threat cards in two suits that the squeeze may establish as winners:
- At least one of the threat cards must be in the hand opposite the squeeze card; and
- At least one of the threat cards must lie in the hand that plays after the squeezed defender.
There is an entry to the threat card opposite the squeeze card.

Examples

Example 1		♠	A J
		♥	K
		♦	—
		♣	—
♠	K Q	N W E S		♠
♥	A			♥	Q J 10
♦	—			♦
♣	—			♣	—
South to lead		♠	4
		♥	2
		♦	—
		♣	A

South needs all three remaining tricks in a notrump contract. South leads the squeeze card, the ♣A, and West is squeezed in hearts and spades. If West discards the ♥A, North's ♥K becomes a winner. If West discards either spade, North's ♠J becomes a winner.

Note the following features of this position:

One defender, West, holds the defense's only guards in declarer's two threat suits, spades and hearts.
The count is rectified. Three cards remain, and declarer has two immediate winners (the ♣A and ♠A). Another winner will be established by the squeeze (either the ♥K or the ♠J).
The ♥K and the ♠J are the threat cards. At least one threat card (in this case, both the ♥K and the ♠J) lies opposite the squeeze card (the ♣A).
At least one threat card (in this case, both the ♥K and the ♠J) is in the hand that plays after the squeezed defender.
The ♠A is an entry to either threat card.

This is an example of a positional squeeze, because both threat cards are in the same hand, North's. No threat card lies over East and therefore the squeeze can take effect only if West is to be squeezed.

If West's cards are transferred to East, as shown in Example 2, the squeeze fails because the fourth condition above is not satisfied. In that case, one of the menaces must be discarded before it is East's turn to play. If the ♥K is discarded, East can safely discard the ♥A. If the ♠J is discarded, East can safely discard a spade.

Example 2		♠	A J
		♥	K
		♦	—
		♣	—
♠		N W E S		♠	K Q
♥	Q J 10			♥	A
♦				♦	—
♣	—			♣	—
South to lead		♠	4
		♥	2
		♦	—
		♣	A

Classification

There are several ways to classify squeezes:

According to which opponent can be squeezed:
- In a positional squeeze, only one opponent can be squeezed.
- In an automatic squeeze, either opponent can be squeezed.
According to number of opponents squeezed:
- In a single squeeze, only one opponent is squeezed.
- In a double squeeze, both opponents are squeezed.
According to number of suits involved:
- In a two-suit squeeze, there are menaces in two suits.
- In a three-suit squeeze, there are menaces in three suits.
- In a compound squeeze, there are menaces in three suits (against one); then, menaces in three suits (against both opponents). It could be named a six-suit squeeze.^[7]
- The peculiar and rare single-suit squeeze is actually a type of endplay rather than a real squeeze.
According to what is gained:
- In a material squeeze, the opponents are forced to give up a trick directly.
- In a non-material squeeze, the opponents are forced to give up strategic position. For example, an opponent can be squeezed out of an exit card or a card that disturbs declarer's entries. An extra trick, however, may materialize later.
According to the count rectification:
- In a squeeze with the count, the count is rectified before the squeeze card is played, and declarer will lose no more tricks. These are typically material squeezes.
- In a squeeze without the count, the count is not yet rectified. These are typically non-material squeezes, often with a throw-in in the end position.

Most of the common types of squeezes (and some of the rare ones) have names:

Type of Squeeze	Positional or Automatic	Opponents	Suits	Material or Non-material	Count Rectified
Simple squeeze	Either	Single	2	Yes	Yes
Criss-cross squeeze	Automatic	Single	2	Yes	Yes
Trump squeeze	Either	Single	2	Yes	Yes
Progressive squeeze (aka Triple squeeze)	Positional	Single	3	Yes	Yes
Double squeeze (also: Simultaneous double squeeze Non-simultaneous double squeeze)	Either	Double	3	Yes	Yes
Compound squeeze	Positional	Double	3	Yes	Yes
Entry-shifting squeeze	Positional	Single	2	Yes	Yes
Single-suit squeeze	Positional	Single	1	Yes	No
Strip squeeze	Positional	Single	2-3	Yes	No
Backwash squeeze	Positional	Single	2	Yes	Yes
Cannibal squeeze (aka Suicide squeeze)	Positional	Single	2	Yes	Yes*
Stepping-stone squeeze	Positional	Either	2	No	No
Guard squeeze	Positional	Either	2-3	Yes	Yes
Vice squeeze	Positional	Single	2-3	Yes	No
Winkle squeeze	Positional	Single	3	No	No
Clash squeeze	Positional	Either	3	Yes	Yes
Saturated squeeze	Positional	Double	4	Yes	Yes
Pseudo-squeeze	N/A	N/A	N/A	No	N/A
Entry squeeze	Either	Either	3	No	No
Knockout squeeze	Either	Single	3	No	No

Notes

↑ Moon (2010), Preface.
↑ Reese and Jourdain (1980), Preface.
↑ Reese and Jourdain (1980), Preface. Reese states that "squeeze possibilities - not always fulfilled, of course - arose on about one hand in every six or seven."
↑ Moon (2010), p. 23 states "about one deal in 12 contains the possibility of a squeeze."
↑ According to the Official Encyclopedia of Bridge, the concept of a squeeze card was developed by Sidney Lenz. Although squeeze card may be useful as a pedagogical device, the Encyclopedia suggests that the concept of a squeezed position is more useful at the table as a means of arriving at the position necessary for a squeeze to occur.
↑ Clyde Love, in Bridge Squeezes Complete, uses terminology that results in the acronym BLUE to summarize these conditions: a defender must be busy in two suits, the loser count must be right, at least one threat must be in the upper hand, and there must be an entry to the threat card.
↑ Clyde Love in Bridge Squeezes Complete proposes the term quintuple squeeze as it is a triple squeeze followed by a double squeeze

Bird, David; Smith, Marc (2001). Squeezes Made Simple. Toronto: Master Point Press. p. 61. ISBN 978-1-894154-32-1. OCLC 46620681.
Bird, David (2002). Bridge Squeezes for Everyone. Toronto: Master Point Press. p. 221. ISBN 978-1-894154-42-0. OCLC 48533829.
Coffin, George. Endplays in Bridge: Eliminations, Squeezes and Coups. LCCN 81069898.
Eng, Fook H. (1973). Bridge Squeezes Illustrated. Los Angeles: Eng. p. 185. OCLC 2556958.
Freehill, H.G. (1949). The Squeeze at Bridge. London: Faber and Faber. p. 126. OCLC 2813446.
Kelsey, Hugh (1985). Simple Squeezes. Victor Gollancz Ltd. in association with Peter Crawley (London), 120p. ISBN 0-575-03607-9.
Laderman, Julian (2007). A Bridge to Simple Squeezes (2nd ed.). Toronto: Master Point Press. p. 151. ISBN 978-1-897106-26-6. OCLC 154712413.
Love, Clyde E. (1951). Squeeze Play in Bridge. New York: Richard R. Smith Publisher Inc. p. 183. OCLC 2556862.
Love, Clyde E. (1959). Bridge Squeezes Complete or Winning End Play Strategy (1st ed.). Long Island, NY: Barclay Bridge Supplies, Sterling Publishing Company Inc. p. 260. LCCN 59014249.
Love, Clyde E. (2010). Lee, Linda; Pottage, Julian, eds. Bridge Squeezes Complete: Winning Endgame Strategy (Revised ed.). Toronto: Master Point Press. p. 384. ISBN 978-1-897106-58-7.
Mollo, Victor; Gardener, Nico (1955). Card Play Technique or the Art of Being Lucky (1st ed.). London: George Newnes Limited.
Moon, Anthony (2010). Simple Squeezes (2nd ed.). Pressure Point Press. ISBN 978-0-9561532-5-8.
Ottlik, Géza; Kelsey, Hugh (1979). Adventures in Card Play. London: Victor Gallancz Ltd. in association with Peter Crawley. Also, Adventures in Card Play. (2005) London: Cassell in association with Peter Crawley, 7th Impression. ISBN 0-304-36807-5.
Reese, Terence; Jourdain, Patrick (1980). Squeeze Play is Easy. George Allen & Unwin LTD (London), 145 pages, ISBN 0-04-793047-0 / Squeeze Play Made Easy', Sterling Publishing Co. Inc., (New York), 145 pages, ISBN 0-8069-4940-6.
Terence Reese, Master Play in Contract Bridge
Schuld, Frank (1977). The Simple Squeeze in Bridge (New and Revised ed.). New York: Drake Publishers Inc. ISBN 0-8473-1453-7.
Norman Squire, Contract Bridge, Squeeze Play Simplified
Peter Thoma, The Art of Bridge Squeezes
Wang, Chien-Hwa (1993). The Squeeze at Bridge. Cadogan bridge series. London: Cadogan Books. p. 203. ISBN 1-85744-507-4. LCCN 93007343.

Contract bridge articles

Overview

Introduction	Bridge scoring Contract bridge Duplicate bridge Glossary of contract bridge terms Rubber bridge

See also	Auction bridge Bridge ethics Bridge maxims Bridge Murder case Bridge whist Bridgette British Rule Chicago Computer bridge Contract bridge diagram Duplicate bridge movements Goulash High card by suit History of contract bridge Laws of Duplicate Bridge Masterpoints Minibridge Neuberg formula Screen Singaporean bridge Suit Traveling scoreslip Trump Vugraph

Bidding

Introduction	Bidding system Bridge convention Hand evaluation

Systems	List of bidding systems 2/1 game forcing Acol Bidding system Blue Club Boring Club Bridge Base Basic Bridge World Standard Canapé (bridge) Carrot Club CS System EHAA Fantunes Highly unusual method Kaplan–Sheinwold Little Major Moscito OK bridge 2/1 Polish Club Precision Club Roman Club Romex system Säffle Spade Standard American Strong club system

Conventions	Aspro convention Asptro convention Astro convention Baron convention Bergen raises Blackout convention Blackwood convention Brozel Byzantine Blackwood convention Cappelletti convention Carrot 1NT Carrot 4NT Comfy Canapé Copenhagen convention (bridge) CRASH convention DONT Drury convention Ekren convention Fishbein convention Fit showing jump bid Flannery Forcing notrump Fourth suit forcing Fragment bid Gardener 1NT Gerber convention Ghestem Grand slam force Hello convention Jacoby 2NT Jacoby transfer Kamikaze 1NT Landy Last Train Leaping Michaels Lebensohl Lightner double Lionel convention List of defenses to 1NT Meckwell convention Meyerson convention Michaels cuebid Mini-Roman 2 Diamond Mohan convention Muiderberg convention Multi 2 diamonds Namyats Negative double Negative free bid New minor forcing Norman four notrump Ogust convention Pass-or-correct bid Raptor convention Relay bid Rosenkranz double/redouble Rubens advances Rubensohl San Francisco convention Serious 3NT Slam-seeking conventions Snapdragon double Splinter bid Stayman convention Strong Notrump After Passing (SNAP) Strong two bid Strong two clubs Suction convention Texas transfer Transfer Walsh Unusual notrump Unusual vs. unusual Walsh convention Woolsey convention XY Notrump convention XYZ convention

See also	Balanced hand Balancing (bridge) Bidding box Board (bridge) Brown sticker Convention card Cue bid Five-card majors Forcing bid Forcing pass Gambling 3NT Game try Honor point count Inverted minors Law of total tricks Losing-Trick Count Major suit Minor suit Optimum contract and par contract Overcall Preempt Prepared opening bid Principle of fast arrival Psychic bid Quantitative no trump bids Reverse (bridge) Sacrifice (bridge) Shooting (bridge) Single suiter Strong pass Support double Takeout double Three suiter Two suiter Useful space principle Void (cards) Weak two bid Zar Points

Card play

Introduction	List of play techniques Caddy Card reading Duck Endplay Entry Finesse Hold up Revoke Ruff Safety play

Declarer play	Coups: Alcatraz coup Bath coup Belladonna coup Coup Coup en passant Crocodile coup Deschapelles coup Devil's coup Merrimac coup Morton's fork coup Scissors coup Trump coup Vienna coup Squeezes: Backwash squeeze Cannibal squeeze Clash squeeze Compound squeeze Criss-cross squeeze Double squeeze Entry squeeze Entry-shifting squeeze Guard squeeze Knockout squeeze Non-simultaneous double squeeze Progressive squeeze Pseudo-squeeze Saturated squeeze Simple squeeze Simultaneous double squeeze Single-suit squeeze Squeeze play Stepping-stone squeeze Strip squeeze Triple squeeze Trump squeeze Vice squeeze Winkle squeeze Suit combinations: Suit combination Suit combination – J missing Suit combination – 10 missing Suit combinations – K10 missing

Defender play	Journalist leads Opening lead Rule of 10-12 Rule of 11 Rusinow leads Signal Smith signal

See also	Avoidance play Beer card Forcing defense Grosvenor gambit Loser on loser Percentage play Pin (bridge) Principle of restricted choice Probabilities Shooting Smother play Tempo Trump promotion Uppercut Vacant Places

People and organizations

Administrators, players and writers	ACBL Youngest Life Master List of contract bridge people List of nationality transfers in sport A Terje Aa Pierre Albarran Ron Andersen Martin Andresen Russ Arnold Sabine Auken Walter Avarelli B Lynn Baker Cezary Balicki Hermine Baron Roger Bates Grant Baze Henry Beasley B. Jay Becker Mike Becker Giorgio Belladonna Richard Belton Albert Benjamin Marty Bergen David Berkowitz Lisa Berkowitz Huub Bertens David Bird Cheri Bjerkan Easley Blackwood, Sr. Blue Team Lou Bluhm Norberto Bocchi Janet de Botton Tim Bourke Peter Boyd Malcolm Brachman Bart Bramley Marcelo Branco Mildred Breed Tomas Brenning Raymond Brock John Brown David Bruce Michelle Brunner Walter Buller Chuck Burger Wesley Burrowes C Orlando Campos Mike Cappelletti Gerald Caravelli Drew Casen James Cayne Gabriel Chagas Juanita Chambers Bernie Chazen Curtis Cheek Paul Chemla Dennis Clerkin George Coffin Larry N. Cohen Larry T. Cohen Ben Cohen Gary Cohler Richard Coren Donna Compton Charles Coon Kitty Cooper Barry Crane Carol Crawford John R. Crawford Ely Culbertson Josephine Culbertson D Massimo D'Alelio Dallas Aces Hugh Darwen Lynn Deas Richard DeMartino Seymon Deutsch Mike Develin John Diamond Leslie Dodds Albert Dormer Doug Doub Giorgio Duboin Michel Duguet E Billy Eisenberg Russ Ekeblad Morrie Elis J.B. Elwell Maria Erhart Bob Etter Disa Eythorsdottir F Ben Fain Björn Fallenius Fulvio Fantoni Mary Jane Farell Phil Feldesman Harry Fishbein Arnie Fisher Marty Fleisher Jeremy Flint Pietro Forquet Tony Forrester R.F. Foster Gene Freed Richard Freeman Edith Freilich Richard L. Frey Doris Fuller G Nico Gardener Steve Garner Benito Garozzo Piotr Gawryś Terry W. Gee John Gerber Pierre Ghestem Eldad Ginossar Fred Gitelman Jeff Glick Brian Glubok Ramesh Gokhale Bobby Goldman Arthur S. Goldsmith Agnes Gordon Fritzi Gordon Phil Gordon Charles Goren Michael T. Gottlieb Ross Grabel Matt Granovetter Audrey Grant Eric Greco Alan C. Greenberg Ari Greenberg Gail Greenberg William Grieve Susanna Gross Glenn Grøtheim Nancy Gruver Ace Gutowsky H Garey Hayden Fred Hamilton Bob Hamman Petra Hamman Nicolas Hammond Geoff Hampson Harold Harkavy Maurice Harrison-Gray Emma Jean Hawes Lee Hazen Geir Helgemo Tor Helness Christal Henner Walter Herbert Paul Hodge Marc Hodler Mark Horton Carl Hudecek Roy Hughes Edward Hymes I J Zeke Jabbour George Jacobs Marc Jacobus Oswald Jacoby Pierre Jaïs Marilyn Johnson Henry Jones (Cavendish) Robert F. Jordan K Charles Kalme Mike Kamil Edwin Kantar Edgar Kaplan Gaylor Kasle Ralph Katz Richard H. Katz George S. Kaufman Norman Kay Amalya Lyle Kearse Sami Kehela Hugh Kelsey Alicia Kempner Betty Ann Kennedy Roy Kerr Ron Klinger Martin de Knijff Putte Kock Eric Kokish Kenneth Konstam Valentin Kovachev Jim Krekorian Michał Kwiecień L Mark Lair Hemant Lall Harry Lampert Steve Landen Kyle Larsen Emanuel Lasker Lorenzo Lauria Mike Lawrence Sidney H. Lazard Michael Ledeen Peter Lee Linda Lee James Lemon Peter Leventritt Bobby Levin Jill Levin Irina Levitina Theodore Lightner Harold Lilie Robert Lipsitz Clyde E. Love Paul Lukacs M Iain Macleod Jim Mahaffey Zia Mahmood Merwyn Maier Renee Mancuso Ed Manfield Ronald Mansbridge Rixi Markus Chip Martel Jan Martel Jack Marx Lew Mathe Karen McCallum Jeff Meckstroth Rose Meltzer Adam Meredith Jill Meyers Marion Michielsen Marshall Miles Jacqui Mitchell Sol Mogal John Mohan Victor Mollo Mark Molson Albert H. Morehead Larry Mori Dan Morse Jo Morse Brad Moss Bauke Muller Eric Murray N Bobby Nail Nick Nickell Claudio Nunes O Jack Olsen Jaime Ortiz-Patiño Aileen Osofsky Géza Ottlik P Camillo Pabis Ticci Beth Palmer Mike Passell Richard Pavlicek Jordanis Pavlides Peter Pender Leonard Pennario Carl'Alberto Perroux Olive Peterson Hubert Phillips Sue Picus William Pole Rozanne Pollack Gary Pomerantz Julian Pottage Tony Priday Tommy Prothro Jacek Pszczoła Q Shawn Quinn R Judi Radin George Rapée Terence Reese Doris Rhodes Kay Rhodes Arthur G. Robinson Steve Robinson Jim Robison Andrew Robson Eric Rodwell Bill Root Eunice Rosen Billy Rosen Debbie Rosenberg Michael Rosenberg George Rosenkranz Hugh Ross Alvin Roth Dan Rotman Jeff Rubens Ron Rubin Ira Rubin S Kerri Sanborn Carol Sanders Thomas K. Sanders Boris Schapiro Howard Schenken John Schermer Meyer Schleifer Peter Schneider Barbara Seagram Michael Seamon William Seamon Janice Seamon-Molson A. J. Sefi Martin Seligman Brian Senior Tim Seres Omar Sharif Alfred Sheinwold Shen Chun-shan Ruth Sherman Jaggy Shivdasani Rita Shugart Allan Siebert Sidney Silodor S. J. Simon Dorothy Rice Sims P. Hal Sims Helen Sobel Smith Marc Smith Nicola Smith Mike Smolen Tobi Sokolow Paul Soloway Charles J. Solomon Peggy Solomon Alan Sontag Nathan B. Spingold Ivar Stakgold JoAnna Stansby Lew Stansby Allan Stauber Samuel Stayman Sherman Stearns Paul Stern Fred Stewart Tobias Stone John Sutherlin Peggy Sutherlin John Swanson Paul Swanson Ralph Swimer Peter Swinnerton-Dyer T Edward O. Taylor Tom Townsend Roger Trézel Dorothy Hayden Truscott Alan Truscott U Helen Utegaard V Harold Stirling Vanderbilt Alfredo Versace Daniela von Arnim Ron Von der Porten Waldemar von Zedtwitz Bep Vriend W Margaret Wagar Rhoda Walsh Louis H. Watson C. C. Wei Katherine Wei-Sender Peter Weichsel Howard Weinstein Steve Weinstein Albert Weiss Roy Welland Berry Westra Charles Wigoder Adam Wildavsky Sylvie Willard Chris Willenken Eddie Wold Bobby Wolff Gavin Wolpert Jenny Wolpert Joel Wooldridge Kit Woolsey Milton Work Meike Wortel X Y Sally Young Z Richard Zeckhauser Jack Zhao Pierre Zimmermann Adam Żmudziński

Clubs	Bridge Club Brașov Galatasaray Bridge Team Melville Bridge Club Portland Club (London) Young Chelsea Bridge Club

Governing bodies	American Bridge Association American Contract Bridge League Austrian Bridge Federation Brazilian Bridge Federation British Bridge League Canadian Bridge Federation Dutch Bridge Federation English Bridge Union European Bridge League International Mind Sports Association List of bridge governing bodies Norwegian Bridge Federation World Bridge Federation United States Bridge Federation

Championships

Introduction	List of bridge competitions and awards

World	Bermuda Bowl Bridge at the 2008 World Mind Sports Games Bridge at the 2012 World Mind Sports Games Cavendish Invitational Computer Olympiad McConnell Cup Rosenblum Cup Senior Bowl (bridge) Triple crown of bridge Venice Cup World Bridge Championships World IMP Pairs Championship World Junior Pairs Championship World Junior Teams Championship World Mind Sports Games World Mixed Pairs Championship World Mixed Teams Championship World Open Pairs Championship World Senior Pairs Championship World Senior Teams Championship World Team Olympiad World Transnational Open Teams Championship World Women Pairs Championship

National and Zonal	Buffett Cup Camrose Trophy Commonwealth Nations Bridge Championships European Universities Bridge Championships Gold Cup (bridge) North American bridge Championships: ACBL King or Queen of Bridge Blue Ribbon Pairs Bruce LM-5000 Pairs Chicago Mixed Board-a-Match Fall National Open Pairs Fast Open Pairs Fishbein Trophy Goren Trophy Grand National Teams Hilliard Mixed Pairs Jacoby Open Swiss Teams Keohane North American Swiss Teams Lebhar IMP Pairs Leventritt Silver Ribbon Pairs Machlin Women's Swiss Teams Manfield Non-Life Master Pairs Master Individual Mini-Blue Ribbon Pairs Mini-Spingold Mitchell Board-a-Match Teams Mott-Smith Trophy Nail Life Master Open Pairs National 199er Pairs National 49er Pairs National 99er Pairs Non-Life Master Swiss Teams Norman Kay Platinum Pairs North American Bridge Championships North American Pairs Red Ribbon Pairs Reisinger Rockwell Mixed Pairs Roth Open Swiss Teams Senior Knockout Teams Silodor Open Pairs Smith Life Master Women's Pairs Spingold Sternberg Women's Board-a-Match Teams Truscott Senior Swiss Teams Vanderbilt Trophy Von Zedtwitz Life Master Pairs Wagar Women's Knockout Teams Wernher Open Pairs Whitehead Women's Pairs Young LM-1500 Pairs

Resources

Books	List of bridge books 25 Bridge Conventions You Should Know Bridge Squeezes Complete The Cardturner Design for Bidding Contract Bridge for Beginners Edwin Kantar bibliography Master Point Press Planning the Play of a Bridge Hand Terence Reese bibliography The Official Encyclopedia of Bridge Tickets to the Devil

Magazines	List of bridge magazines Bridge d'Italia Bridge Magazine The Bridge World

External links	Bridge Base Basic Bridge Base Inc. OK bridge 2/1

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