World Team Olympiad

The World Team Olympiad was a contract bridge meet organized by the World Bridge Federation every four years from 1960 to 2004. Its main events were world championships for national teams, always including one open and one restricted to women ("Open" and "Women" categories in WBF terms). A parallel event for seniors was inaugurated in 2000.

Although the Olympiad has been discontinued, its main constituent championships continue within or beside the World Mind Sports Games, first held October 2008 in Beijing, China,^[1] and the subsequent results are listed here.

The 1960 "Olympiad" was the first meet organized by the WBF, although the organization has adopted one older event that now confers the title World Champion, the Bermuda Bowl competition.

The Olympiad championships differed from other world-level championships for "national" teams primarily by inviting every WBF member country to enter a team in each tournament. Other world championships, including the older Bermuda Bowl for open teams that is now contested every odd-number year, require qualification at a "zone" level. For example, about 40 national open teams from European Bridge League member countries may compete biennially for about six entries in the Bermuda Bowl tournament.

Over the twelve World Team Olympiad cycles, the fields grew from 29 open and 14 women teams in 1960 to 72 open, 43 women, and 29 seniors teams in 2004. For the first World Mind Sports Games there were 71 open and 54 women entries; the Seniors International Cup continued as a non-medal event with 32 entries. Seniors participation increased to 34 at the second WMSG in 2012 while the numbers of open and women entries dropped to 60 and 43.^[2]

Open Teams

Teams representing Italy and France won five and four of the twelve Open Team Olympiad tournaments. The Italian Blue Team won three in a row 1964 to 1972, overlapping its run of ten Bermuda Bowls (1957–1969). Another Italian team won the last two Olympiads and made it three in a row in the first rendition as part of the World Mind Sports Games, 2000 to 2008, overlapping its run of seven European championships (1995–2006).

Year, Host, Entries		Medalists
1960^[3] Turin, Italy 29 teams	1.	France René Bacherich, Gérard Bourchtoff, Claude Delmouly, Pierre Ghestem, Pierre Jaïs, Roger Trézel
	2.	Great Britain Jeremy Flint, Nico Gardener, Terence Reese, Albert Rose, Boris Schapiro, Ralph Swimer
	3.	USA Vanderbilt 1 B. Jay Becker, John Crawford, Norman Kay, George Rapée, Sidney Silodor, Tobias Stone

1964^[4] New York City, USA 29	1.	Italy Walter Avarelli, Giorgio Belladonna, Massimo D'Alelio, Pietro Forquet, Benito Garozzo, Camillo Pabis Ticci
	2.	USA Bob Hamman, Robert F. Jordan, Don Krauss, Victor Mitchell, Arthur Robinson, Sam Stayman
	3.	Great Britain Jeremy Flint, Maurice Harrison-Gray, Kenneth Konstam, Terence Reese, Boris Schapiro, Joel Tarlo

1968^[5] Deauville, France 33	1.	Italy Walter Avarelli, Giorgio Belladonna, Massimo D'Alelio, Pietro Forquet, Benito Garozzo, Camillo Pabis Ticci
	2.	USA Robert F. Jordan, Edgar Kaplan, Norman Kay, Arthur Robinson, Bill Root, Al Roth
	3.	Canada Gerry Charney, Bill Crissey, C. Bruce Elliott, Sami Kehela, Eric Murray, Percy Sheardown

1972^[6] Miami Beach, USA 39	1.	Italy Walter Avarelli, Giorgio Belladonna, Massimo D'Alelio, Pietro Forquet, Benito Garozzo, Camillo Pabis Ticci
	2.	USA Bobby Goldman, Bob Hamman, Jim Jacoby, Mike Lawrence, Paul Soloway, Bobby Wolff
	3.	Canada Gerry Charney, Bill Crissey, Bruce Gowdy, Sami Kehela, Eric Murray, Duncan Phillips

1976^[7] Monte Carlo, Monaco 45	1.	Brazil Pedro Paulo Assumpção, Sérgio Barbosa, Marcelo Branco, Gabriel Chagas, Gabino Cintra, Christiano Fonseca
	2.	Italy Giorgio Belladonna, Pietro Forquet, Arturo Franco, Benito Garozzo, Carlo Mosca, Silvio Sbarigia
	3.	Great Britain Willie Coyle, Jeremy Flint, Tony Priday, Claude Rodrigue, Irving Rose, Robert Sheehan

1980^[8] Valkenburg, Netherlands 58 teams	1.	France Paul Chemla, Michel Lebel, Christian Mari, Michel Perron, (Philippe Soulet, Henri Szwarc)*
	2.	USA Fred Hamilton, Bob Hamman, Mike Passell, Ira Rubin, Paul Soloway, Bobby Wolff
	3.	Netherlands — Hans Kreijns, Anton Maas, André Mulder, Carol van Oppen, Hans Vergoed, René Zwaan
	3.	Norway — Jon Aabye, Per Breck, Tor Helness, Reidar Lien, Harald Nordby, Leif-Erik Stabell
After 1980 it was determined that the Pairs and Teams Olympiads in alternating even years would continue to be played in Europe and North America.^[9]
1984^[10] Seattle, USA 54	1.	Poland Piotr Gawryś, Krzysztof Martens, Tomasz Przybora, Jacek Romański, Piotr Tuszyński, Henryk Wolny
	2.	France Paul Chemla, Félix Covo, Hervé Mouiel, Fivo Paladino, Michel Perron, Henri Szwarc
	3.	Denmark Jens Auken, Knud-Aage Boesgaard, Johannes Hulgaard, Peter Schaltz, Steen Schou, Stig Werdelin

1988^[11] Venice, Italy 56	1.	USA Seymon Deutsch, Bob Hamman, Jim Jacoby, Jeff Meckstroth, Eric Rodwell, Bobby Wolff
	2.	Austria Heinrich Berger, Jan Fucik, Alfred Kadlec, Fritz Kubak, Wolfgang Meinl, Franz Terraneo
	3.	Sweden Björn Fallenius, Sven-Olov Flodqvist, Hans Göthe, Tommy Gullberg, Magnus Lindkvist, Per Olof Sundelin

1992^[12] Salsomaggiore, Italy 57	1.	France Paul Chemla, Alain Lévy, Hervé Mouiel, Michel Perron, (Pierre Adad, Maurice Aujaleu)*
	2.	USA Seymon Deutsch, Bob Hamman, Jeff Meckstroth, Eric Rodwell, Michael Rosenberg, Bobby Wolff
	3.	Netherlands Wubbo de Boer, Enri Leufkens, Bauke Muller, Berry Westra, (Jaap van der Neut, Marcel Nooijen)**

1996^[13] Rhodes, Greece 71	1.	France Marc Bompis, Alain Lévy, Christian Mari, Hervé Mouiel, Franck Multon, Henri Szwarc
	2.	Indonesia Franky Karwur, Henky Lasut, Eddy Manoppo, Denny Sacul, (Santje Panelewen, Giovanni Watulingas)***
	3.	Denmark Morten Andersen, Jens Auken, Lars Blakset, Søren Christiansen, Dennis Koch-Palmund, Lauge Schäffer

2000^[14] Maastricht, Netherlands 72 teams	1.	Italy Norberto Bocchi, Giorgio Duboin, Lorenzo Lauria, Alfredo Versace, (Dano De Falco, Guido Ferraro)*
	2.	Poland Cezary Balicki, Krzysztof Jassem, Michał Kwiecień, Jacek Pszczoła, Piotr Tuszyński, Adam Żmudziński
	3.	USA David Berkowitz, Larry N. Cohen, Steve Garner, George Jacobs, Ralph Katz, Howard Weinstein

2004^[15] Istanbul, Turkey 72	1.	Italy Norberto Bocchi, Giorgio Duboin, Fulvio Fantoni, Lorenzo Lauria, Claudio Nunes, Alfredo Versace
	2.	Netherlands Sjoert Brink, Bas Drijver, Jan Jansma, Ricco van Prooijen, Maarten Schollaardt, Louk Verhees
	3.	Russia Alexander Dubinin, Andrey Gromov, Jouri Khokhlov, Max Khven, Georgi Matushko, Vladimir Rekunov
After 2004 the Olympiad meet was discontinued by the World Bridge Federation in favor of participation in the World Mind Sports Games. This knockout tournament for Open national teams continues in the new context, with the same quadrennial cycle and conditions.
2008^[16] Beijing, China 71 teams	1.	Italy Giorgio Duboin, Fulvio Fantoni, Lorenzo Lauria, Claudio Nunes, Antonio Sementa, Alfredo Versace
	2.	England David Gold, Jason Hackett, Justin Hackett, Artur Malinowski, Nicklas Sandqvist, Tom Townsend
	3.	Norway Terje Aa, Glenn Grøtheim, Geir Helgemo, Tor Helness, Jørgen Molberg, Ulf Håkon Tundal

2012^[17] Lille, France 60 teams	1.	Sweden Krister Ahlesved, Peter Bertheau, Per-Ola Cullin, Fredrik Nyström, Jonas Petersson, Johan Upmark
	2.	Poland Cezary Balicki, Krzysztof Buras, Grzegorz Narkiewicz, Piotr Żak, Jerzy Zaremba, Adam Żmudziński
	3.	Monaco Fulvio Fantoni, Geir Helgemo, Tor Helness, Franck Multon, Claudio Nunes, Pierre Zimmermann

* Soulet–Szwarc in 1980, Adad–Aujaleu in 1992, and De Falco–Ferraro in 2000 did not play enough boards to qualify for the title of World Champion

** Van der Neut and Nooijen in 1992 did not play enough boards to qualify for third place

*** Panelewen and Watulingas in 1996 did not play enough boards to qualify for second place

Women Teams

Teams representing eight different countries won the Olympiad series for Women during its twelve renditions, led by the United States with four. England won the first rendition as part of the World Mind Sports Games, beating host China by one IMP in 2008.

Year, Host, Entries		Medalists
1960^[3] Turin, Italy 14 teams	1.	UAR Helen Camara, Aida Choucry, Samika Fathy, Loula Gordon, Josephine Morcos, Suzanne Naguib
	2.	France Nadine Alexandre, Annie Chanfray, — Gary, Geneviève Morénas, Esmerian Pouldjian, — Rouvière
	3.	Denmark Otti Damm, Annelise Faber, Rigmor Fraenckel, Lizzie Schaltz, Gulle Skotte

1964^[4] New York City, USA 15	1.	Great Britain Dimmie Fleming, Fritzi Gordon, Jane Juan, Rixi Markus, Mary Moss, Dorothy Shanahan
	2.	USA Agnes Gordon, Muriel Kaplan, Alicia Kempner, Helen Portugal, Stella Rebner, Jan Stone
	3.	France Suzanne Baldon, Annie Chanfray, Marguerite de Gailhard, Geneviève Morénas, Marianne Serf

1968^[5] Deauville, France 19	1.	Sweden Britt Blom, Karin Eriksson, Eva Mårtensson, Rut Segander, Gunborg Silborn, Britta Werner
	2.	South Africa Thelma Beron, Gerda Goslar, Rita Jacobson, Petra Mansell, Elfreda Sender, Alma Shnieder
	3.	USA Hermine Baron, Nancy Gruver, Emma Jean Hawes, Dorothy Hayden, Sue Sachs, Rhoda Walsh

1972^[6] Miami Beach, USA 18	1.	Italy Marisa Bianchi, Luciana Canessa, Rina Jabès, Maria Antonietta Robaudo, Anna Valenti, Maria Vittoria Venturini
	2.	South Africa Thelma Beron, Janie Disler, Gerda Goslar, Rita Jacobson, Petra Mansell, Alma Shnieder
	3.	USA Mary Jane Farell, Emma Jean Hawes, Marilyn Johnson, Jacqui Mitchell, Peggy Solomon, Dorothy Hayden Truscott

1976^[7] Monte Carlo, Monaco 21	1.	Italy Marisa Bianchi, Luciana Capodanno, Marisa D'Andrea, Rina Jabès, Maria Antonietta Robaudo, Anna Valenti
	2.	Great Britain Charley Esterson, Nicola Gardener, Fritzi Gordon, Sandra Landy, Rixi Markus, Rita Oldroyd
	3.	USA Mary Jane Farell, Emma Jean Hawes, Marilyn Johnson, Jacqui Mitchell, Gail Moss, Dorothy Hayden Truscott

1980^[8] Valkenburg, Netherlands 29 teams	1.	USA Mary Jane Farell, Emma Jean Hawes, Marilyn Johnson, Jacqui Mitchell, Gail Moss, Dorothy Hayden Truscott
	2.	Italy Marisa Bianchi, Luciana Capodanno, Marisa D'Andrea, Enrichetta Gut, Andreina Morini, Anna Valenti
	3.	Great Britain Nicola Gardener, Sandra Landy, Rita Oldroyd, Sally Sowter, (Michelle Brunner, Pat Davies)*
After 1980 it was determined that the Pairs and Teams Olympiads in alternating even years would continue to be played in Europe and North America.
1984^[10] Seattle, USA 23	1.	USA Betty Ann Kennedy, Jacqui Mitchell, Gail Moss, Judi Radin, Carol Sanders, Kathie Wei
	2.	Great Britain Pat Davies, Sally Horton, Sandra Landy, Nicola Smith, (Sarah Scarborough, Gillian Scott-Jones)**
	3.	Netherlands Marijke Erich, Petra Kaas, Laura Lor, Marijke van der Pas, Elly Schippers, Bep Vriend

1988^[11] Venice, Italy 37	1.	Denmark Trine Dahl, Bettina Kalkerup, Judy Norris, Charlotte Palmund, Dorthe Schaltz, Kirsten Steen Møller
	2.	Great Britain Michelle Brunner, Pat Davies, Sandra Landy, Liz McGowan, Sandra Penfold, Nicola Smith
	3.	Bulgaria Nevena Deleva, Maria Garvalova, Albena Krasteva, Matilda Poplilov, (Margarita Halatcheva, Steliana Ivanova)*

1992^[12] Salsomaggiore, Italy 34	1.	Austria Maria Erhart, Doris Fischer, Barbara Lindinger, Terry Weigkricht, (Herta Gyimesi, Jovanka Smederevac)***
	2.	Great Britain Pat Davies, Michele Handley, Sandra Landy, Liz McGowan, Sandra Penfold, Nicola Smith
	3.	France Danièle Avon, Véronique Bessis, Anne-Claude de l'Epine, Élisabeth Delor, Colette Lise, Sylvie Willard

1996^[13] Rhodes, Greece 43	1.	USA Jill Blanchard, Juanita Chambers, Lynn Deas, Gail Greenberg, Irina Levitina, Shawn Quinn
	2.	China GU Ling, SUN Ming, WANG Hongli, WANG Wenfei, ZHANG Yalan, ZHANG Yu
	3.	Canada Francine Cimon, Dianna Gordon, Rhoda Habert, Beverly Kraft, Sharyn Reus, Barbara Saltsman

2000^[14] Maastricht, Netherlands 41 teams	1.	USA Mildred Breed, Petra Hamman, Joan Jackson, Robin Klar, Shawn Quinn, Peggy Sutherlin
	2.	Canada Francine Cimon, Dianna Gordon, Rhoda Habert, Beverly Kraft, Martine Lacroix, Katie Thorpe
	3.	Germany Daniela von Arnim, Sabine Auken, Katrin Farwig, Pony Nehmert, Andrea Rauscheid, Barbara Stawowy

2004^[15] Istanbul, Turkey 43	1.	Russia Olga Galaktionova, Victoria Gromova, Natalia Karpenko, Maria Lebedeva, Tatiana Ponomareva, Irina Vasilkova
	2.	USA Marinesa Letizia, Jill Meyers, Randi Montin, Janice Seamon-Molson, Tobi Sokolow, Carlyn Steiner
	3.	England Sally Brock, Michelle Brunner, Heather Dhondy, Rhona Goldenfield, Nicola Smith, Kitty Teltscher
After 2004 the Olympiad meet was discontinued by the World Bridge Federation in favor of participation in the World Mind Sports Games. This knockout tournament for Women national teams continues in the new context, with the same quadrennial cycle and conditions.
2008^[16] Beijing, China 54 teams	1.	England Sally Brock, Heather Dhondy, Catherine Draper, Anne Rosen, Nevena Senior, Nicola Smith
	2.	China Ling Gu, Yi Qian Liu, Ming Sun, Hongli Wang, Wenfei Wang, Yalan Zhang
	3.	USA Mildred Breed, Marinesa Letizia, Sylvia Moss, Judi Radin, Janice Seamon-Molson, Tobi Sokolow

2012^[17] Lille, France 43 teams	1.	England Sally Brock, Fiona Brown, Heather Dhondy, Nevena Senior, Nicola Smith, Susan Stockdale
	2.	Russia Svetlana Chubarova, Victoria Gromova, Anna Gulevich, Elena Khonicheva, Tatiana Ponomareva, Olga Vorobeychikova
	3.	Poland Cathy Bałdysz, Ewa Banaszkiewicz, Katarzyna Dufrat, Danuta Kazmucha, Natalia Sakowska, Justyna Żmuda

* Brunner–Davies in 1980 and Halatcheva–Ivanova in 1988 did not play enough boards in order to qualify for third place

** Scarborough and Scott-Jones in 1984 did not play enough boards in order to qualify for second place

*** Gyimesi and Smederevac in 1992 did not play enough boards in order to qualify for the title of World Champion

Senior International Cup

Teams representing the United States won both renditions of the Senior International Cup. From 2008 the World Bridge Federation continues the tournament in conjunction with the World Mind Sports Games although it is not a WMSG event.

Currently "a bridge a player belongs to the 'Seniors' category if he has at least his 60th birthday in the calendar year in question."^[18] For the next rendition (2012) players born in 1952 or earlier will be eligible. (The threshold increased one year annually from 2005 to 2010.)

Year, Host, Entries		Medalists
2000^[14] Maastricht, Netherlands 24 teams born 1944 or earlier	1.	USA John Mohan, Dan Morse, Steve Robinson, John Sutherlin, Bobby Wolff, Kit Woolsey
	2.	France Pierre Adad, Maurice Aujaleu, Claude Delmouly, François Leenhardt, Christian Mari, Jean-Marc Roudinesco
	3.	Sweden Lars Alfredsson, Lars Backström, Sture Ekberg, Hans Göthe, Hans-Olof Hallén, Anders Morath

2004^[15] Istanbul, Turkey 29 teams born 1949 or earlier	1.	USA Leo Bell, Neil Chambers, Marshall Miles, John Onstott, Jim Robison, John Schermer
	2.	Netherlands Willem Boegem, Nico Doremans, Onno Janssens, Jaap Trouwborst
	3.	Germany Hans Humburg, Reiner Marsal, Göran Mattsson, Werner Schneider, Dirk Schroeder, Horst-Dieter Uhlmann
After 2004 the Olympiad meet was discontinued by the World Bridge Federation in favor of participation in the World Mind Sports Games. This knockout tournament for Seniors national teams continues alongside the Games as a non-medal event.
2008^[16] Beijing, China World Mind Sports Games non-medal event 32 teams born 1950 or earlier	1.	Japan Hiroya Abe, Makoto Hirata, Masayuki Ino, Yoshiyuki Nakamura, Kyoko Ohno
	2.	USA Grant Baze, Billy Eisenberg, Russ Ekeblad, Matt Granovetter, Sam Lev, Reese Milner
	3.	Indonesia Michael Bambang Hartono, Henky Lasut, Eddy Manoppo, Denny Sacul, Munawar Sawiruddin, Ferdinand Robert Waluyan

2012^[17] Lille, France World Mind Sports Games non-medal event 34 teams born 1952 or earlier	1.	Hungary Dumbovich Miklós, Kovács Mihály, Magyar Péter, Szappanos Géza, (Barany György)* (family names first)
	2.	United States Neil Chambers, Lew Finkel, Stephen Landen, Sam Lev, John Schermer, Richard Schwartz
	3.	France Patrick Grenthe, Guy Lasserre, François Leenhardt, Patrice Piganeau, Philippe Poizat, Philippe Vanhoutte

*Hungary captain Barany played the last segment of the first knockout match but the team otherwise used four players. In their preliminary group of 17 teams Dumbovich–Kovács and Magyar–Szappanos were two of only three pairs who played all 16 matches of the six-day round-robin (256 deals).^[19]

World Mind Sports Games

After the 2004 Olympiad, the WBF and the world governing bodies for three other games—chess, draughts, and go—established the International Mind Sports Association and initiated its first priority, the quadrennial World Mind Sports Games (WMSG). The first WMSG were held in Beijing October 2008, about two months after the summer Olympic Games.

Thus a WBF initiative to integrate bridge with the Olympics was abandoned in favor of a long-term goal, advancing the WMSG as a "stepping stone on the path of introducing a third kind of Olympic Games (after the Summer and the Winter Olympics)".^[20] The multi-event "World Team Olympiad" was discontinued in favor of participation in the WMSG but the constituent events of the Olympiad continue—Teams championships in Open and Women categories as part of the WMSG; in Seniors and Transnational categories as non-medal side events.^{[lower-alpha 1]}

Notes

↑ Bridge at the WMSG officially comprised, among other events, the two "series which used to be part of the Olympiad (Open and Women national teams). ... The Seniors competition for national teams, held along the lines of the Olympiad Open and Women series, and the World Transnational Mixed Teams championship were also held in Beijing, although, officially, they were not part of the World Bridge Games"; that is, not WMSG medal events. World Bridge Games makes an impressive debut, 1st World Mind Sports Games contemporary coverage, 2008, World Bridge Federation. Page 1.

References

↑ World Team Olympiad. World Bridge Federation. The tabular summary "World Team Olympiad to Date" is linked to dedicated websites for recent tournaments and to complete results and participants for all tournaments.
↑ Registration – Participants: Open/Women/Seniors. WBF. Retrieved 2014-09-02.
1 2 Results & Participants, 1st World Team Olympiad, 1960. WBF.
1 2 Results & Participants, 2nd World Team Olympiad, 1964. WBF.
1 2 Results & Participants, 3rd World Team Olympiad, 1968. WBF.
1 2 Results & Participants, 4th World Team Olympiad, 1972. WBF.
1 2 Results & Participants, 5th World Team Olympiad, 1976. WBF.
1 2 Results & Participants, 6th World Team Olympiad, 1980. WBF.
↑ ... OEB "Bermuda Bowl"? ... — (that continued thru the anniversary Bermuda Bowl of 2000?) ... —
1 2 Results & Participants, 7th World Team Olympiad, 1984. WBF.
1 2 Results & Participants, 8th World Team Olympiad, 1988. WBF.
1 2 Results & Participants, 9th World Team Olympiad, 1992. WBF.
1 2 Results & Participants, 10th World Team Olympiad, 1996. WBF.
1 2 3 Results & Participants, 11th World Team Olympiad, 2000. WBF.
1 2 3 Results & Participants, 12th World Team Olympiad, 2004. WBF.
1 2 3 Results & Participants (national teams), 1st World Mind Sports Games, 2008. WBF.
1 2 3 Results & Participants (national teams), 14th World Bridge Games, 2012. WBF. Retrieved 2014-06-02.
↑ Senior Bridge program overview. WBF.
↑ "Butler up to Round 17 - Seniors - Group I". 14th World Bridge Games, 2012. WBF. Retrieved 2014-09-03.
↑ World Bridge Games. World Bridge Federation. Confirmed 2011-05-27.

External links

World Team Olympiad at the World Bridge Federation
World Bridge Games at the World Bridge Federation —Bridge at the World Mind Sports Games

Contract bridge articles

Overview

Introduction	Bridge scoring Contract bridge Duplicate bridge Glossary of contract bridge terms Rubber bridge

See also	Auction bridge Bridge ethics Bridge maxims Bridge Murder case Bridge whist Bridgette British Rule Chicago Computer bridge Contract bridge diagram Duplicate bridge movements Goulash High card by suit History of contract bridge Laws of Duplicate Bridge Masterpoints Minibridge Neuberg formula Screen Singaporean bridge Suit Traveling scoreslip Trump Vugraph

Bidding

Introduction	Bidding system Bridge convention Hand evaluation

Systems	List of bidding systems 2/1 game forcing Acol Bidding system Blue Club Boring Club Bridge Base Basic Bridge World Standard Canapé (bridge) Carrot Club CS System EHAA Fantunes Highly unusual method Kaplan–Sheinwold Little Major Moscito OK bridge 2/1 Polish Club Precision Club Roman Club Romex system Säffle Spade Standard American Strong club system

Conventions	Aspro convention Asptro convention Astro convention Baron convention Bergen raises Blackout convention Blackwood convention Brozel Byzantine Blackwood convention Cappelletti convention Carrot 1NT Carrot 4NT Comfy Canapé Copenhagen convention (bridge) CRASH convention DONT Drury convention Ekren convention Fishbein convention Fit showing jump bid Flannery Forcing notrump Fourth suit forcing Fragment bid Gardener 1NT Gerber convention Ghestem Grand slam force Hello convention Jacoby 2NT Jacoby transfer Kamikaze 1NT Landy Last Train Leaping Michaels Lebensohl Lightner double Lionel convention List of defenses to 1NT Meckwell convention Meyerson convention Michaels cuebid Mini-Roman 2 Diamond Mohan convention Muiderberg convention Multi 2 diamonds Namyats Negative double Negative free bid New minor forcing Norman four notrump Ogust convention Pass-or-correct bid Raptor convention Relay bid Rosenkranz double/redouble Rubens advances Rubensohl San Francisco convention Serious 3NT Slam-seeking conventions Snapdragon double Splinter bid Stayman convention Strong Notrump After Passing (SNAP) Strong two bid Strong two clubs Suction convention Texas transfer Transfer Walsh Unusual notrump Unusual vs. unusual Walsh convention Woolsey convention XY Notrump convention XYZ convention

See also	Balanced hand Balancing (bridge) Bidding box Board (bridge) Brown sticker Convention card Cue bid Five-card majors Forcing bid Forcing pass Gambling 3NT Game try Honor point count Inverted minors Law of total tricks Losing-Trick Count Major suit Minor suit Optimum contract and par contract Overcall Preempt Prepared opening bid Principle of fast arrival Psychic bid Quantitative no trump bids Reverse (bridge) Sacrifice (bridge) Shooting (bridge) Single suiter Strong pass Support double Takeout double Three suiter Two suiter Useful space principle Void (cards) Weak two bid Zar Points

Card play

Introduction	List of play techniques Caddy Card reading Duck Endplay Entry Finesse Hold up Revoke Ruff Safety play

Declarer play	Coups: Alcatraz coup Bath coup Belladonna coup Coup Coup en passant Crocodile coup Deschapelles coup Devil's coup Merrimac coup Morton's fork coup Scissors coup Trump coup Vienna coup Squeezes: Backwash squeeze Cannibal squeeze Clash squeeze Compound squeeze Criss-cross squeeze Double squeeze Entry squeeze Entry-shifting squeeze Guard squeeze Knockout squeeze Non-simultaneous double squeeze Progressive squeeze Pseudo-squeeze Saturated squeeze Simple squeeze Simultaneous double squeeze Single-suit squeeze Squeeze play Stepping-stone squeeze Strip squeeze Triple squeeze Trump squeeze Vice squeeze Winkle squeeze Suit combinations: Suit combination Suit combination – J missing Suit combination – 10 missing Suit combinations – K10 missing

Defender play	Journalist leads Opening lead Rule of 10-12 Rule of 11 Rusinow leads Signal Smith signal

See also	Avoidance play Beer card Forcing defense Grosvenor gambit Loser on loser Percentage play Pin (bridge) Principle of restricted choice Probabilities Shooting Smother play Tempo Trump promotion Uppercut Vacant Places

People and organizations

Administrators, players and writers	ACBL Youngest Life Master List of contract bridge people List of nationality transfers in sport A Terje Aa Pierre Albarran Ron Andersen Martin Andresen Russ Arnold Sabine Auken Walter Avarelli B Lynn Baker Cezary Balicki Hermine Baron Roger Bates Grant Baze Henry Beasley B. Jay Becker Mike Becker Giorgio Belladonna Richard Belton Albert Benjamin Marty Bergen David Berkowitz Lisa Berkowitz Huub Bertens David Bird Cheri Bjerkan Easley Blackwood, Sr. Blue Team Lou Bluhm Norberto Bocchi Janet de Botton Tim Bourke Peter Boyd Malcolm Brachman Bart Bramley Marcelo Branco Mildred Breed Tomas Brenning Raymond Brock John Brown David Bruce Michelle Brunner Walter Buller Chuck Burger Wesley Burrowes C Orlando Campos Mike Cappelletti Gerald Caravelli Drew Casen James Cayne Gabriel Chagas Juanita Chambers Bernie Chazen Curtis Cheek Paul Chemla Dennis Clerkin George Coffin Larry N. Cohen Larry T. Cohen Ben Cohen Gary Cohler Richard Coren Donna Compton Charles Coon Kitty Cooper Barry Crane Carol Crawford John R. Crawford Ely Culbertson Josephine Culbertson D Massimo D'Alelio Dallas Aces Hugh Darwen Lynn Deas Richard DeMartino Seymon Deutsch Mike Develin John Diamond Leslie Dodds Albert Dormer Doug Doub Giorgio Duboin Michel Duguet E Billy Eisenberg Russ Ekeblad Morrie Elis J.B. Elwell Maria Erhart Bob Etter Disa Eythorsdottir F Ben Fain Björn Fallenius Fulvio Fantoni Mary Jane Farell Phil Feldesman Harry Fishbein Arnie Fisher Marty Fleisher Jeremy Flint Pietro Forquet Tony Forrester R.F. Foster Gene Freed Richard Freeman Edith Freilich Richard L. Frey Doris Fuller G Nico Gardener Steve Garner Benito Garozzo Piotr Gawryś Terry W. Gee John Gerber Pierre Ghestem Eldad Ginossar Fred Gitelman Jeff Glick Brian Glubok Ramesh Gokhale Bobby Goldman Arthur S. Goldsmith Agnes Gordon Fritzi Gordon Phil Gordon Charles Goren Michael T. Gottlieb Ross Grabel Matt Granovetter Audrey Grant Eric Greco Alan C. Greenberg Ari Greenberg Gail Greenberg William Grieve Susanna Gross Glenn Grøtheim Nancy Gruver Ace Gutowsky H Garey Hayden Fred Hamilton Bob Hamman Petra Hamman Nicolas Hammond Geoff Hampson Harold Harkavy Maurice Harrison-Gray Emma Jean Hawes Lee Hazen Geir Helgemo Tor Helness Christal Henner Walter Herbert Paul Hodge Marc Hodler Mark Horton Carl Hudecek Roy Hughes Edward Hymes I J Zeke Jabbour George Jacobs Marc Jacobus Oswald Jacoby Pierre Jaïs Marilyn Johnson Henry Jones (Cavendish) Robert F. Jordan K Charles Kalme Mike Kamil Edwin Kantar Edgar Kaplan Gaylor Kasle Ralph Katz Richard H. Katz George S. Kaufman Norman Kay Amalya Lyle Kearse Sami Kehela Hugh Kelsey Alicia Kempner Betty Ann Kennedy Roy Kerr Ron Klinger Martin de Knijff Putte Kock Eric Kokish Kenneth Konstam Valentin Kovachev Jim Krekorian Michał Kwiecień L Mark Lair Hemant Lall Harry Lampert Steve Landen Kyle Larsen Emanuel Lasker Lorenzo Lauria Mike Lawrence Sidney H. Lazard Michael Ledeen Peter Lee Linda Lee James Lemon Peter Leventritt Bobby Levin Jill Levin Irina Levitina Theodore Lightner Harold Lilie Robert Lipsitz Clyde E. Love Paul Lukacs M Iain Macleod Jim Mahaffey Zia Mahmood Merwyn Maier Renee Mancuso Ed Manfield Ronald Mansbridge Rixi Markus Chip Martel Jan Martel Jack Marx Lew Mathe Karen McCallum Jeff Meckstroth Rose Meltzer Adam Meredith Jill Meyers Marion Michielsen Marshall Miles Jacqui Mitchell Sol Mogal John Mohan Victor Mollo Mark Molson Albert H. Morehead Larry Mori Dan Morse Jo Morse Brad Moss Bauke Muller Eric Murray N Bobby Nail Nick Nickell Claudio Nunes O Jack Olsen Jaime Ortiz-Patiño Aileen Osofsky Géza Ottlik P Camillo Pabis Ticci Beth Palmer Mike Passell Richard Pavlicek Jordanis Pavlides Peter Pender Leonard Pennario Carl'Alberto Perroux Olive Peterson Hubert Phillips Sue Picus William Pole Rozanne Pollack Gary Pomerantz Julian Pottage Tony Priday Tommy Prothro Jacek Pszczoła Q Shawn Quinn R Judi Radin George Rapée Terence Reese Doris Rhodes Kay Rhodes Arthur G. Robinson Steve Robinson Jim Robison Andrew Robson Eric Rodwell Bill Root Eunice Rosen Billy Rosen Debbie Rosenberg Michael Rosenberg George Rosenkranz Hugh Ross Alvin Roth Dan Rotman Jeff Rubens Ron Rubin Ira Rubin S Kerri Sanborn Carol Sanders Thomas K. Sanders Boris Schapiro Howard Schenken John Schermer Meyer Schleifer Peter Schneider Barbara Seagram Michael Seamon William Seamon Janice Seamon-Molson A. J. Sefi Martin Seligman Brian Senior Tim Seres Omar Sharif Alfred Sheinwold Shen Chun-shan Ruth Sherman Jaggy Shivdasani Rita Shugart Allan Siebert Sidney Silodor S. J. Simon Dorothy Rice Sims P. Hal Sims Helen Sobel Smith Marc Smith Nicola Smith Mike Smolen Tobi Sokolow Paul Soloway Charles J. Solomon Peggy Solomon Alan Sontag Nathan B. Spingold Ivar Stakgold JoAnna Stansby Lew Stansby Allan Stauber Samuel Stayman Sherman Stearns Paul Stern Fred Stewart Tobias Stone John Sutherlin Peggy Sutherlin John Swanson Paul Swanson Ralph Swimer Peter Swinnerton-Dyer T Edward O. Taylor Tom Townsend Roger Trézel Dorothy Hayden Truscott Alan Truscott U Helen Utegaard V Harold Stirling Vanderbilt Alfredo Versace Daniela von Arnim Ron Von der Porten Waldemar von Zedtwitz Bep Vriend W Margaret Wagar Rhoda Walsh Louis H. Watson C. C. Wei Katherine Wei-Sender Peter Weichsel Howard Weinstein Steve Weinstein Albert Weiss Roy Welland Berry Westra Charles Wigoder Adam Wildavsky Sylvie Willard Chris Willenken Eddie Wold Bobby Wolff Gavin Wolpert Jenny Wolpert Joel Wooldridge Kit Woolsey Milton Work Meike Wortel X Y Sally Young Z Richard Zeckhauser Jack Zhao Pierre Zimmermann Adam Żmudziński

Clubs	Bridge Club Brașov Galatasaray Bridge Team Melville Bridge Club Portland Club (London) Young Chelsea Bridge Club

Governing bodies	American Bridge Association American Contract Bridge League Austrian Bridge Federation Brazilian Bridge Federation British Bridge League Canadian Bridge Federation Dutch Bridge Federation English Bridge Union European Bridge League International Mind Sports Association List of bridge governing bodies Norwegian Bridge Federation World Bridge Federation United States Bridge Federation

Championships

Introduction	List of bridge competitions and awards

World	Bermuda Bowl Bridge at the 2008 World Mind Sports Games Bridge at the 2012 World Mind Sports Games Cavendish Invitational Computer Olympiad McConnell Cup Rosenblum Cup Senior Bowl (bridge) Triple crown of bridge Venice Cup World Bridge Championships World IMP Pairs Championship World Junior Pairs Championship World Junior Teams Championship World Mind Sports Games World Mixed Pairs Championship World Mixed Teams Championship World Open Pairs Championship World Senior Pairs Championship World Senior Teams Championship World Team Olympiad World Transnational Open Teams Championship World Women Pairs Championship

National and Zonal	Buffett Cup Camrose Trophy Commonwealth Nations Bridge Championships European Universities Bridge Championships Gold Cup (bridge) North American bridge Championships: ACBL King or Queen of Bridge Blue Ribbon Pairs Bruce LM-5000 Pairs Chicago Mixed Board-a-Match Fall National Open Pairs Fast Open Pairs Fishbein Trophy Goren Trophy Grand National Teams Hilliard Mixed Pairs Jacoby Open Swiss Teams Keohane North American Swiss Teams Lebhar IMP Pairs Leventritt Silver Ribbon Pairs Machlin Women's Swiss Teams Manfield Non-Life Master Pairs Master Individual Mini-Blue Ribbon Pairs Mini-Spingold Mitchell Board-a-Match Teams Mott-Smith Trophy Nail Life Master Open Pairs National 199er Pairs National 49er Pairs National 99er Pairs Non-Life Master Swiss Teams Norman Kay Platinum Pairs North American Bridge Championships North American Pairs Red Ribbon Pairs Reisinger Rockwell Mixed Pairs Roth Open Swiss Teams Senior Knockout Teams Silodor Open Pairs Smith Life Master Women's Pairs Spingold Sternberg Women's Board-a-Match Teams Truscott Senior Swiss Teams Vanderbilt Trophy Von Zedtwitz Life Master Pairs Wagar Women's Knockout Teams Wernher Open Pairs Whitehead Women's Pairs Young LM-1500 Pairs

Resources

Books	List of bridge books 25 Bridge Conventions You Should Know Bridge Squeezes Complete The Cardturner Design for Bidding Contract Bridge for Beginners Edwin Kantar bibliography Master Point Press Planning the Play of a Bridge Hand Terence Reese bibliography The Official Encyclopedia of Bridge Tickets to the Devil

Magazines	List of bridge magazines Bridge d'Italia Bridge Magazine The Bridge World

External links	Bridge Base Basic Bridge Base Inc. OK bridge 2/1

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