Texas Rangers (baseball)

This article is about the Major League Baseball team. For the law enforcement agency the team is named after, see Texas Ranger Division. For other uses, see Texas Rangers.
Texas Rangers
2016 Texas Rangers season
Established in 1961
Based in Arlington since 1972
Team logoCap insignia
Major league affiliations
Current uniform
Retired numbers
Colors
  • Royal blue, scarlet red, white
              
Name
  • Texas Rangers (1972–present)
  • Washington Senators (1961–1971)
Ballpark
Major league titles
World Series titles (0) None
AL Pennants (2)
West Division titles (6)
Wild card berths (1)
Front office
Owner(s) Ray Davis, Bob R. Simpson[1][2]
Manager Jeff Banister
General Manager Jon Daniels
President of Baseball Operations Jon Daniels

The Texas Rangers are an American professional baseball team based in Arlington, Texas located in the Dallas–Fort Worth metroplex. The Rangers franchise is currently a member of the West division of the American League (AL) in Major League Baseball (MLB). Since 1994, the Rangers have played in Globe Life Park in Arlington in Arlington, Texas. The team's name is borrowed from the famous law enforcement agency of the same name.

The franchise was established in 1961 as the Washington Senators, an expansion team awarded to Washington, D.C., after the city's first American League ballclub, the original Washington Senators, moved to Minnesota and became the Twins. After the 1971 season, the new Senators moved to Arlington, Texas, and debuted as the Rangers the following spring.

The Texas Rangers Baseball Club has made seven appearances in the MLB postseason, six following division championships in 1996, 1998, 1999, 2010, 2011, and 2015 and as a wild card team in 2012. In 2010, the Rangers advanced past the Division Series for the first time, defeating the Tampa Bay Rays. Texas then brought home their first American League pennant after beating the New York Yankees in six games. In the 2010 World Series, the franchise's first, the Rangers fell to the San Francisco Giants in five games. They repeated as American League champions the following year, then lost the 2011 World Series to the St. Louis Cardinals in seven games.

Franchise history

Washington Senators (1960–1971)

When the original Washington Senators moved to Minnesota in 1960 as the Twins, Major League Baseball decided to expand a year earlier than planned to stave off the twin threats of competition from the proposed Continental League and loss of its exemption from the Sherman Antitrust Act. At the winter meetings that year, it awarded a new team to Los Angeles (the Angels, now the Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim) as well as a new team in the nation's capital. This new team adopted the old Senators name, but was (and still is) considered an expansion team since the Twins retained the old Senators' records and history. The Senators and Angels began to fill their rosters with American League players in an expansion draft. The team played the 1961 season at old Griffith Stadium before moving to District of Columbia Stadium (now the Robert F. Kennedy Memorial Stadium).

For most of their existence, the new Senators were the definition of futility, losing an average of 90 games a season. The team's struggles led to a twist on a joke about the old Senators--"Washington: first in war, first in peace and still last in the American League." Frank Howard, known for his towering home runs, was the team's most accomplished player, winning two home run titles.

Ownership changed hands several times during the franchise's stay in Washington and was often plagued by poor decision-making and planning. Owner Elwood Richard Quesada once wondered why he should have to pay his players because he believed they didn't belong in the majors. He later agreed to a 10-year lease at D.C. Stadium — a move that would come back to haunt the Senators. In 1963, Quesada sold his stake in the club and resigned. Washington stockbrokers James Johnston and James Lemon owned the team briefly, suffering massive financial losses. Johnson died in 1967 and Lemon sold the team a year later to hotel and trucking executive Bob Short, who outbid a group headed by Bob Hope. Short named himself general manager and hired Hall of Famer Ted Williams as manager. Although Williams had never coached or managed at any level of baseball, he seemed to light a spark under the once-moribund Senators. Williams kept them in contention for most of the season; their 86–76 record would be their only winning season in Washington.

U.S. President Richard Nixon throwing Opening Day ceremonial first pitch at RFK Stadium on April 7, 1969 with Ted Williams (left) and Bob Short (right, partially obscured by Ralph Houk).

The success though was brief, as Short borrowed most of the $9.4 million he had used to pay for the team. As the Senators general manager, Short was forced to make many questionable trades to lower the debt and acquire amounts of the much-needed revenue. As a result, the team rapidly fell back into the American League's cellar position. Fans kept their distance from the Senators while the Baltimore Orioles, 45 miles (72 km) to the northeast, won four American League pennants and two World Series from the 1966 season through the 1971 season. By the end of the 1970 season, Short had issued an ultimatum: unless someone was willing to buy the Senators for $12 million (in comparison, the New York Yankees were sold in 1973 for $8.8 million), he would not proceed to renew the stadium lease and would move the team elsewhere. When that season ended, Short dealt his best starting pitcher and the left side of his infield to the Detroit Tigers for erstwhile 30-game-winner Denny McLain, who had spent most of the 1970 campaign suspended because of gambling allegations. The deal—alleged by onetime Senators broadcaster Shelby Whitfield to have been made in order to secure the Tigers' vote in favor of the Senators' eventual move to Texas—turned Detroit back into contenders, while McLain was a monumental bust, losing an embarrassing league-worst of 22 games.

Short was especially receptive to an offer brought up by Arlington, Texas mayor Tom Vandergriff, who had been trying to obtain a Major League sports team to play in the Metroplex for over a decade. Years earlier, Charles O. Finley, the owner of the Kansas City Athletics, sought to relocate his baseball team to Dallas, Texas, but the idea was rebuffed and ultimately declined by the other A.L. team owners.

Arlington's hole card was Turnpike Stadium, a 10,000-seat park which had been built in 1965 to house the AA Dallas-Fort Worth Spurs of the Texas League. However, it had been built to Major League specifications and also located in a natural bowl, meaning only minor excavations would be necessary to expand the park to accommodate Major League crowds.

After Vandergriff offered a multimillion-dollar down payment, Short decided to make the move to Arlington. On September 21, 1971, by a vote of 10 to 2 (the Orioles' Jerold Hoffberger and John Allyn of the Chicago White Sox registered the dissenting votes), American League owners granted approval to move the franchise to Arlington, Texas for the 1972 season.[3]

Senators fans were livid. Enmity came to a head at the club's last game in Washington. Thousands of fans simply walked in without paying after the security guards left early, swelling the paid attendance of 14,460 to around 25,000, while fans unfurled a banner reading "SHORT STINKS". With the Senators leading 7–5 and two outs in the top of the ninth inning, several hundred youths stormed the field, raiding it for souvenirs. One man grabbed first base and ran off with it. With no security in sight and only three bases, umpire crew chief Jim Honochick forfeited the game to the New York Yankees.[4][5]

It would be 33 years before major league baseball returned to the nation's capital, in the form of the National League's Washington Nationals, which had previously been known as the Montreal Expos.

First years in Texas (1972–1984)

Turnpike Stadium

During the off-season, improvements were made to Turnpike Stadium, which reopened as Arlington Stadium for the 1972 season. Meanwhile, ownership announced that the franchise would be renamed the Texas Rangers. The team played its first game on April 15, 1972, a 1–0 loss at the California Angels. The next day, the Rangers defeated the Angels 5–1 for the club's first victory. After the season Ted Williams retired as manager; he had made no secret of his displeasure with the franchise's new location. Whitey Herzog was named the new manager, but he was replaced before the end of the 1973 season by Billy Martin.

In 1974, the Rangers began to come into their own as a team. Under the ownership of Brad Corbett, they finished the season second in the American League with an 84–76 record, behind the eventual World Series champion Oakland Athletics. The 1974 Rangers are still the only MLB team to finish above .500 after two consecutive 100-loss seasons. Mike Hargrove was awarded A.L. Rookie of the Year, Billy Martin was named Manager of the Year, Jeff Burroughs won American League MVP, and Ferguson Jenkins was named the Comeback Player of the Year after winning 25 games, a club record to this day. However, after a 44–51 start in 1975, Martin was fired as the Rangers' manager and was replaced by Frank Lucchesi.

After excellent seasons between 1977–79, the Rangers came very close to clinching a playoff spot in the first half of 1981. But when Texas lost its last game before the players' strike began, the Oakland A's won the A.L. West in the first half by a half-game. After 1981, the Rangers would not post a winning record for another five seasons. During this stretch, the Rangers made one of their most unpopular trades ever, sending multi-Gold Glove catcher and fan favorite Jim Sundberg to the Milwaukee Brewers for future Brewers' manager Ned Yost.

The Rangers faced an attendance problem for a few years after moving their team to Texas, in part due to the team's inconsistent performance and in part due to the oppressive heat and humidity that can swallow the area in the summer. Until the Florida Marlins arrived in 1993, Arlington Stadium was often the hottest stadium in the Majors, with temperatures frequently topping around 100° throughout the months of summer. In part because of this, the Rangers began playing most of even their weekend games between May and September at night—a tradition that continues to this day. They usually get a waiver from ESPN to play Sunday night games.

The Valentine, Ryan, and Bush years (1985–1994)

Bobby Valentine, the Rangers' longest-serving manager at 1,186 games, became steward over an influx of splendid talent in the late 1980s and early 1990s. A winning season in 1986 was a shock to pundits and fans alike as the Rangers remained in the race for the American League pennant for the entire season. With a team consisting of many stellar young rookies such as Rubén Sierra, Pete Incaviglia, Mitch Williams, Bobby Witt, and Edwin Correa, the Rangers finished the season 2nd place with an outstanding 87–75 record, just five games behind the division champion California Angels. The season marked a dramatic 25-win improvement over the 1985 season, which resulted in yet another last-place finish in the West. The signing of 41-year-old star pitcher Nolan Ryan prior to the 1989 season allowed Ryan to reach his 5,000th strikeout, 300th win, and sixth and seventh no-hitters with the Rangers. Coupled with powerful batters like Juan González, Rubén Sierra, Julio Franco, and Rafael Palmeiro and a pitching staff that also included Charlie Hough, Bobby Witt, Kevin Brown, and Kenny Rogers, fans held really high expectations for the Rangers' upcoming season. However, the team never posted a finish higher than second place and Valentine was relieved of his duties during the 1992 season.

Nolan Ryan pitching to Detroit Tigers' Travis Fryman, Arlington Stadium, August 16, 1992.

In April 1989, Rangers owner and oil tycoon Eddie Chiles, sold the team to an investment group headed by George W. Bush. After hearing that Chiles planned to sell the team, Bush headed a group of investors (including Frank L. Morsani and the Mack family) that bought the team for $89 million.[6] While his own equity in the team was a small one ($500,000), he was named Managing General Partner of the new ownership group. He increased his investment to $600,000 the following year.[7]

During his tenure, the Rangers and the City of Arlington decided to replace the aging Arlington Stadium with a new publicly funded stadium, at a cost of $193 million, financed by Arlington residents, through a sales tax increase. Ground was broken on October 30, 1991 on what would become The Ballpark in Arlington (now named Globe Life Park in Arlington). The city, through the Arlington Sports Facilities Development Authority, also controversially authorized the seizure of 13 acres (53,000 m2) of land through eminent domain for the Rangers future development. Landowners filed lawsuits over the acquisition and eventually won settlements of $22.2 million which the Rangers failed to pay.

Bush left his position with the Rangers when he was elected Governor of Texas in 1994. Although Bush no longer has any ownership stake in the Rangers, he remains a fan of the team to this day and regularly attends the team's home games.[8]

In 1993, Kevin Kennedy took over managerial duties, presiding over the team for two seasons, keeping the 1993 Rangers in the hunt for a playoff berth into mid-September. Kennedy was let go in 1994, although the team led the A.L. West prior to the players' strike. The strike prematurely ended what could have been the Rangers' first division championship when commissioner Bud Selig canceled the remainder of the season and the playoffs. Regardless of the unceremonious end to the 1994 season, Kenny Rogers pitched the 12th perfect game in Major League history on July 28.

First success (1995–2000)

Rangers Ballpark in Arlington opened in 1994

The year 1995 saw the beginnings of promise for the Rangers. With a brand new ballpark that hosted its first All-Star Game that year, Johnny Oates was hired as the Rangers' manager.

Rangers logo, 1994–2002

Oates and company promptly helped to bring home the 1996 A.L. Western Division Championship, the first division championship in franchise history. The first playoff series, 24 years after the franchise came to Texas, saw the Rangers lose to the New York Yankees, 3 games to 1. Oates was named A.L. Manager of the Year and Juan González was named A.L. MVP. The team featured a powerful lineup of hitters with Iván Rodríguez, Will Clark, Mark McLemore, Dean Palmer, Rusty Greer, Juan González, and Mickey Tettleton but continued to struggle with pitching – a common stereotype of Rangers teams – despite having Rick Helling, and Aaron Sele on their roster.

Oates led the team to consecutive A.L. West championships in 1998 and 1999. Neither of Oates' last two playoff teams could win a single game, losing all 6 in back-to-back sweeps at the hands of the Yankees, a team that won 3 World Championships in the 1990s after defeating Rangers teams in the first round. The 1999 team would be the last playoff-bound team for over a decade, as the Rangers took a step backwards at the beginning of the new millennium. En route to a second straight last-place finish, Oates resigned his position 28 games into the 2001 season. The Rangers finished the decade going 1–9 in the postseason, without a single home win.

In 1998, venture capital billionaire Tom Hicks bought the team for $250 million. Hicks also agreed to pay the $22.2 million awarded in settlements in relation to the 1991 eminent domain litigation concerning the Ballpark in Arlington.[9]

The lean years (2001–2004)

2001–2003

Prior to the 2001 season, star free agent shortstop Alex Rodriguez was signed by the Rangers in the most lucrative deal in baseball history: a 10-year, $252 million contract. The move was controversial and is frequently maligned by fans and writers who thought that owner Tom Hicks was placing too much emphasis on one player instead of utilizing team resources to acquire several players, especially for a team that lacked pitching talent. Club officials maintained that Rodriguez would be the cornerstone of future postseason success. Although Rodriguez's individual performance was outstanding, the Rangers continued to struggle and manager Jerry Narron was fired following the 2002 season. He was replaced by seasoned manager Buck Showalter.

The 2003 season signified the fourth straight last-place finish, and after a post-season fallout between Rodriguez and club management, the reigning A.L. MVP and newly appointed Rangers captain was traded to the New York Yankees for second baseman Alfonso Soriano and infielder prospect Joaquin Arias.

2004

Michael Young, Rangers v. Baltimore Orioles, Camden Yards, April 25, 2009.

Prior to the 2004 season, little hope was held out for the Rangers to improve on their losing ways. However, the Rangers battled with the Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim and Oakland Athletics for first place in the A.L. West for much of the season. Mark Teixeira, Alfonso Soriano, Michael Young, and Hank Blalock became some of the best-hitting infielders in the league, with Young, Blalock, and Soriano being named to the 2004 All-Star Game. Soriano was named the All-Star MVP after going 2 for 3 with a three-run home run. Late in September, the Oakland A's visited Arlington for a 3-game series. After taking the first two games of the series, the Rangers trailed 4–2, in the bottom of the ninth. A loss would have dropped them to four games behind the Athletics. A home run by Hank Blalock and a dramatic two-out, two-run double by David Dellucci (known amongst fans as the "Dellucci Double") gave the Rangers a 5–4 win, one of the most memorable in club history. It also allowed the Rangers to sweep the first-place Athletics and leave them just two games behind with 10 to play. Unfortunately, the Rangers ended up losing six of the final ten games and another turnaround season came up short. The club finished in third place behind the Angels and A's, a mere 3 games out of first place.

2005

In 2005 the Rangers again struggled to find consistency amid controversy and injuries, notwithstanding that the team swept an entire homestand for the first time in its history. Frank Francisco and Carlos Almanzar, two key members of the bullpen, were sidelined for Tommy John surgery. Kenny Rogers, the team's ace pitcher, received a 20-game suspension from commissioner Bud Selig for attacking a cameraman at Ameriquest Field prior to a game. Management later placed opening day starter Ryan Drese on waivers, where he was claimed by the Washington Nationals. After Drese's release and Rogers' suspension, the Rangers' performance on the mound faltered, and a disastrous 1–12 August road trip all but sealed the squad's fate.

On October 4, 2005, the Rangers announced that John Hart would step down as general manager and that Jon Daniels was being promoted from assistant general manager to replace him. Daniels, at 28 years and one month, would become the youngest general manager in Major League history.

Daniels and the Rangers front office were very active in the 2005–2006 offseason. Alfonso Soriano, who had often been mentioned in trade speculation, was finally dealt to the Nationals for outfielders Brad Wilkerson and Terrmel Sledge. The Rangers then began making moves to acquire pitching talent. The Rangers gained enigmatic starter Vicente Padilla from the Philadelphia Phillies in exchange for Ricardo Rodríguez and acquired San Diego Padres pitchers Adam Eaton and Akinori Otsuka in exchange for Chris Young, Adrian Gonzalez, and Sledge. Finally, they signed free agent starter Kevin Millwood to a five-year contract worth $60 million.

2006

The Rangers 2006 season ended with a disappointing 80–82 record and a third-place finish in the West. Though the club showed strength in the early going, the team proved unable to keep pace with the surging Oakland Athletics in the second half and fell out of contention in September. To some extent the Rangers were the victims of bad luck, as their win-loss record was worse than their +51 run differential for the season would normally indicate. However, the element that the club continued to lack was a solid pitching staff, whose combined ERA ranked 9th in the A.L. at the season's end. The Rangers were represented in the 2006 All-Star game by center fielder Gary Matthews, Jr. and shortstop Michael Young, who was named the MVP for his game-winning two-run triple in the ninth inning.

Significant player moves in-season included a July 28 deal acquiring outfielders Carlos Lee and Nelson Cruz from the Milwaukee Brewers in exchange for Kevin Mench, Francisco Cordero, and Laynce Nix.

On October 4 after two attempts to replicate the success of the 2004 team, the Rangers dismissed Buck Showalter as manager with three years left on his contract. A month later, the team announced that Oakland Athletics third base coach Ron Washington had accepted their offer to manage the team.[10] A change at manager would be the first of several moves to strengthen the team in yet another busy off-season.

Gary Matthews, Jr., Mark DeRosa, Carlos Lee, and Adam Eaton all signed with other clubs as free agents. Vicente Padilla accepted a three-year, $33 million offer with an option for a fourth year at $12 million.[11] The Rangers also signed 1B/OF Frank Catalanotto to a multi-year deal. The Rangers later added reliever Éric Gagné and veteran outfielders Kenny Lofton and Sammy Sosa on short-term deals. In a sign that GM Jon Daniels was looking for results in 2007, the Rangers' top pitching prospect John Danks was traded to the Chicago White Sox along with reliever Nick Masset for 23-year-old starter Brandon McCarthy.[12] The Danks trade caused quite a stir amongst fans, many of which had followed the minor league careers of the highly touted "DVD" trio of pitchers that included Danks, Edinson Vólquez, and Thomas Diamond. All three pitchers would eventually reach the majors, with varying degrees of success, while McCarthy's career became marred by injury.

Building the brand

Home Plate Entrance at the Rangers Ballpark in Arlington

The Rangers previously negotiated a 30-year, $75 million stadium naming rights agreement with Ameriquest Mortgage Company in 2004, renaming the Ballpark "Ameriquest Field". Under the Ameriquest moniker, the Ballpark featured a replica of the Liberty Bell in the stands above the Diamond Club (representing Ameriquest's logo) that rang after home runs. In 2007, though, the Rangers announced the termination of the agreement with Ameriquest, and changed the name to Rangers Ballpark in Arlington. Club president Jeff Cogen cited that the team was more concerned about getting their name back on the ballpark than Ameriquest's public financial troubles. "It's all about the brand", Cogen said. The Rangers lost a reported $2.5 million per year from the lack of naming rights but regained advertising space given over to Ameriquest in the naming rights deal.[13] Regardless of Cogen's comments, Ameriquest dissolved within months after the naming rights were terminated, and the company ended most business operations in September 2007.

2007–2009

Wikinews has related news: MLB: Rangers score 30 runs against Orioles in first game of doubleheader

The Rangers struggled offensively early in the season, despite playing in a notoriously hitter-friendly park. On June 20, Sammy Sosa hit his 600th career home run against the Chicago Cubs at the Rangers Ballpark in Arlington. Hank Blalock, the starting 3rd baseman who had been enjoying a good season, was placed on the 60-day disabled list on the May 19 due to thoracic outlet syndrome, and Mark Teixeira followed him onto the disabled list on June 9 (for the first time in his career) with a strained left quadriceps muscle. With a record of 46–59 at the July 31 trade deadline, the team traded Mark Teixeira and Ron Mahay to the Atlanta Braves in a deal that would eventually bring 5 prospects to the Rangers organization, including four of Atlanta's top prospects Jarrod Saltalamacchia, Elvis Andrus, Matt Harrison, and Neftalí Feliz. The team also traded closer Éric Gagné to the Boston Red Sox for left-hander Kason Gabbard and Minor League outfielders David Murphy and Engel Beltre. These moves were the beginnings of a rebuilding project headed by Jon Daniels with a focus on the acquisition and development of young players. In the coming years, more club resources would be dedicated to improving the quality of the farm system and scouting departments, most notably in Latin America and the Far East. The objective of Daniels' plan was to field a legitimately competitive team by the 2010 season.

The 2007 season remains notable in the minds of baseball fans for two inexplicable oddities. On August 19 at the Metrodome, the Minnesota Twins logged 19 strikeouts against the Rangers, one short of the Major League record. Three days later, the 22nd, in the first game of a doubleheader at Oriole Park at Camden Yards, the Rangers' bats came alive with a modern record for runs by one team, defeating the Baltimore Orioles 30–3. Their 27-run margin of victory is also a modern-day MLB record. Wes Littleton gained probably the easiest save in Major League history: entering the game in the bottom of the seventh, with his team already ahead 14–3, he pitched three innings to finish the game, and gave up just two hits and a walk.

The Rangers began the 2008 season red hot, headlined by newcomer Josh Hamilton who looked to be a threat to win the Triple Crown, before fading off as the season wore on. During the All-Star festivities at Yankee Stadium, Hamilton crushed a first round home run record in the 2008 Home Run Derby with 28. Hamilton hit another four in the second round and three during the final round, for a total of 35 home runs, but lost to the Twins' Justin Morneau. Four Rangers played in the All Star Game: Josh Hamilton, Ian Kinsler, Milton Bradley, and Michael Young, who would repeat his 2006 All-Star Game feat by driving in the winning run via a sac fly.

The Rangers would finish the season with yet another sub-.500 record (79–83), yet ended the season second in the West, the club's best finish since 1999. The off-season saw perennial All-Star shortstop Michael Young ask for a trade when the team told him he would be moving to third base to make room for rookie Elvis Andrus.[14] After speaking with club president Nolan Ryan and his agent, Young later rescinded his trade request, and agreed to move to third base.[15] The offseason also saw the departure of mercurial outfielder/DH Milton Bradley to free agency.

Scott Feldman
Derek Holland is considered the best pitching prospect drafted by the Rangers since the departure of John Danks

The 2009 season saw the Rangers soar into playoff contention for the first time since 2004. Despite injuries to Josh Hamilton and Ian Kinsler, the Rangers held first place in their division for long stretches of the summer before fading after September 1, losing the division to the Los Angeles Angels. The Rangers finished the season at 87–75, their first winning season since 2004 and good enough for second place in the A.L. West. Michael Young responded to his move to third base by posting one his best offensive seasons ever while committing just nine errors and earning a sixth straight All-Star appearance.[16] Josh Hamilton and Nelson Cruz were also named 2009 A.L. All-Stars. Several young stars with the club broke out including the debuts of highly rated rookies Elvis Andrus, Derek Holland, and Neftalí Feliz. Second baseman Ian Kinsler hit for the cycle in April, while having a 30–30 season in home runs and stolen bases. Starting pitcher Scott Feldman posted a fantastic season as well in 2009, finishing 3rd in the A.L in wins with 17.

Financial troubles and new ownership

While the 2009 season was strong on the field, club owner Tom Hicks became the focus of several reports indicating serious financial problems with his holding group, Hicks Sports Group, which also owned the Dallas Stars, the Frisco Roughriders (the Rangers AA-farm club), 1/2 of Liverpool F.C. (sold in mid-October 2010 to New England Sports Ventures, owners of the Boston Red Sox), and the Mesquite Championship Rodeo (later sold by HSG).

HSG was reported to have gone into default on a $525 million loan.[17]

In April 2009, Hicks announced he would be willing to sell a minority interest in the team. Only one month later, Hicks announced he would be willing to sell majority control of the Rangers.[18]

In July 2009, it was reported that Hicks borrowed money from Major League Baseball to meet the team's payroll.[19]

After the 2009 season, Hicks began scouting prospective buyers and in December entered into exclusive negotiating rights for sale of the Rangers with a consortium headed by Pittsburgh sports lawyer Chuck Greenberg and Rangers team president Nolan Ryan.

On January 22, 2010, Hicks Sports Group officially reached a formal agreement to sell the Texas Rangers to the group headed by Greenberg and Ryan (later called Rangers Baseball Express) for approximately $570 million.[20] Under the provisions of the deal, former owner Hicks stayed on as a limited minority partner, but was not allowed to retain a seat on the board of governors. Co-lead investors Dallas businessmen Ray Davis and Bob R. Simpson were named co-chairmen.[20] Hicks also sold much of the land surrounding Rangers Ballpark to Rangers Baseball Express in a separate deal.

The deal was subject to approval by the other MLB owners (a 3/4 vote is required) and completed by April 1. However, one of HSG's principal lenders (Monarch Alternative Capital) opposed the sale on grounds that the proceeds would not fully repay the defaulted HSG notes.[21] On April 21, Major League Baseball issued a statement declaring the Rangers' sale to be under the control of the Commissioner to expedite the process.[22][23] Because of public comments made by Hicks deemed detrimental to the process, MLB also stripped Hicks of any responsibility regarding the sale of the team.[24] On May 13, MLB threatened to seize control of the rest of the team's operations if a deal was not completed by the deadline set by the Commissioner.[25]

As the stalemate between HSG and its creditors continued, on May 24, 2010 the Texas Rangers filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy.[26][27] As of that date, the Rangers and HSG had an estimated debt of $575 million.[27] Much of the unsecured debt was owed in back salary. Officially, New York Yankees third baseman Alex Rodriguez topped the list of unsecured creditors with an estimated $24.9 million owed by the Rangers.[27] Additionally, the Rangers also owed Baltimore Orioles pitcher Kevin Millwood $12.9 million, and then current Rangers third baseman Michael Young $3.9 million.[27] At a press conference, the Greenberg-Ryan group proposed to buy the team for $575 million.[27] The sale would repay all the team's creditors, including players owed back salary.[27]

After several attempts to resolve the deal fell through, the bankruptcy court ordered a public auction to be held on August 4. The Greenberg/Ryan bid would be the opening bid, and other offers (subject to MLB approval) would have to be submitted by the prior day in order to be considered. At the auction, only one other MLB-approved group submitted an offer – Radical Baseball LLC, a group formed by Houston businessman Jim Crane (who was previously unsuccessful in buying the Houston Astros, and ultimately bought that team in 2011) and Dallas Mavericks owner Mark Cuban (who was previously unsuccessful in buying the Chicago Cubs). The auction lasted until the early morning of August 5, with the winning bid submitted by Greenberg/Ryan. The bankruptcy court approved the bid later that morning and the bankruptcy case closed. The sale to the Greenberg/Ryan was approved by all 30 MLB owners at the owners meeting in Minneapolis on Thursday August 12.

"I'll be the managing partner and CEO. If you like what's going on or you don't like what's going on, I take responsibility for that. When it comes to baseball, I'm not going to interject my opinions. If Nolan and [Jon Daniels] want to discuss something with me, they can, but I have complete faith and trust in the decisions that they make. I'll be as involved as they wish me to be, but with complete faith and confidence in them.

What I'm going to focus on, particularly since the baseball side is in great shape, is the business side. How do we connect with the community? How do we create a higher tempo of energy in the front office? How can we do a better job of filling the stands and make an impact on people's lives? If we succeed on the business side and continue on path on the baseball side and combine it with a dynamic market like this is, we can be and should be one of the powerhouse franchises in baseball.[28] "

— Chuck Greenberg

The new ownership group, which included Chuck Greenberg and Nolan Ryan, was called Rangers Baseball Express, LLC and had Greenberg serving as managing general partner and Ryan as club president.[29] Davis and Simpson were named co-chairmen.[30] In March 2011 Greenberg resigned as Chief Executive and Managing General Partner and sold his interest in the Club following a "falling out" with his partners.[31] Following Greenberg's resignation, Nolan Ryan was named Chief Executive Officer in addition to his continuing role as Team President.[30] Ryan was subsequently designated the Controlling Owner of the Club by a unanimous vote of the 30 owners of Major League Baseball on May 12, 2011.[31] Co-Chairmen Simpson and Davis stated they would not be involved in day-to-day operations.[32]

2010–present: Rise to contention

Offseason moves made by the Rangers sent Kevin Millwood to the Baltimore Orioles and acquired free agents Rich Harden, Colby Lewis, and Vladimir Guerrero. With the new influx of talent and success in 2009, the Rangers entered the season expecting to compete for the division and achieve the front office's goals of 2007. During the offseason, Texas Rangers' team President Nolan Ryan spoke about the Rangers' chances in the upcoming season saying, "My expectations today are that we're going to be extremely competitive and if we don't win our division, I'll be disappointed."[33]

Ian Kinsler

After stumbling out of the gates with a sub-.500 start in April, the Rangers took the division lead with a franchise-best month of June, going 21–6. The Rangers would never relinquish first place after an 11-game winning streak. On July 9, the club dealt one of its top prospects, Justin Smoak, with two other minor leaguers to the Seattle Mariners for former Cy Young Award winner Cliff Lee and Mark Lowe. The Rangers also made moves to acquire veterans Bengie Molina, Jorge Cantú, Cristian Guzmán, and Jeff Francoeur. In the 2010 All-Star Game, the team was represented by Lee, Guerrero, Ian Kinsler, Josh Hamilton, Elvis Andrus, and Neftalí Feliz. After the All-Star Game, came the debut of the claw and antler hand gestures, which gained much popularity, especially after the release of various apparel and souvenir options for the fans. Foam claws and helmets with deer antlers became quite commonplace in the ballpark as the Rangers played further into the fall. The Rangers won the A.L. West on September 25, advancing to the postseason for the first time since 1999.[34]

2010 postseason

After winning the AL West with a 90–72 record, the Rangers entered the playoffs for the first time since 1999, and faced the Tampa Bay Rays for the first round, which ultimately resulted in a 3–2 series victory and marked the first postseason series victory in the 50-year history of the Rangers/Washington Senators franchise. Facing the Rangers in the American League Championship Series were the defending World Champion New York Yankees, the team the Rangers failed against three separate times in the 1990s. In the playoffs, the Rangers record against the Yankees was 1–9. In a 6-game series, the Texas Rangers came out victorious, winning the first pennant in franchise history in front of an ecstatic home crowd.[35] Josh Hamilton was awarded ALCS MVP after setting a series record for intentional walks. The Texas Rangers faced the San Francisco Giants in the 2010 World Series. The Rangers offense struggled against the Giants' young pitching and eventually lost the Series 4–1, the lone win coming in Arlington on October 30. For the first time, the Rangers ended their season in the month of November.

2011: Repeat AL Champions

The Rangers successfully defended their AL West Division title in 2011, making the club's second straight division title and postseason appearance and fifth division title and postseason appearance overall. The Rangers set records for best record (96–66 with a .592 winning percentage) and home attendance (2,946,949). On October 15, they went back to the World Series after beating the Detroit Tigers 15–5 in Game 6 of the ALCS.[36] The series featured Nelson Cruz hitting 6 home runs, the most home runs by one player in a playoff series in MLB history. In game 2 Cruz also became the first player in postseason history to win a game with a walk-off grand slam as the Rangers defeated the Tigers 7–3 in 11 innings. However, they would proceed to lose the World Series to the St. Louis Cardinals in seven games, after twice being one strike away from the championship in game 6. Game 7 is notable for the controversy surrounding the manager Ron Washington's pre-game clubhouse speech.[37]

2012: Final week collapse

The Rangers lost C. J. Wilson to the rival Angels in the offseason, but managed to gain the services of Japanese pitcher Yu Darvish. They also added Joe Nathan to fill the closer role vacated by Neftalí Feliz, who was shifted to full-time starter. The Rangers dominated the American League standings for much of the season, despite losing Feliz and Colby Lewis to the 60-day DL. Darvish quickly flourished in the starting rotation, finishing with a 16–9 record and a 3.90 ERA. Josh Hamilton also had a spectacular season, finishing with 43 home runs, four of which came in a single game against the Baltimore Orioles on May 8. However the Rangers floundered in September, culminating in a sweep by the Oakland Athletics in the final series. Before the last series of the regular season, the Rangers faced the Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim on September 29, 2012. The game was postponed due to a rain delay and the game was held off until the next day. The Texas Rangers then lost to the Angels 5–4 for the first game and won 8–7 in the second game later that night, which guaranteed them a spot in the first ever American League wild-card playoff game. As a result of their 93–69 record, finishing second in the AL West behind the Oakland A's, the Texas Rangers settled for the Wild Card playoff slot. In the new Wild Card Game, the Rangers' woes continued, as they lost 5–1 to the Orioles.

2013: Missed playoffs

The Rangers finished the season in second place in the American League West with a 91-72 record, 5 1/2 games behind the Oakland Athletics. On September 30, 2013, the Rangers faced the Tampa Bay Rays in a 163rd play-in 2013 American League Wild Card tie-breaker game, to determine the second participant in the 2013 American League Wild Card Game against the Cleveland Indians. The 163rd game was determined to be an extension of the regular season and not considered to be part of the 2013 Major League Baseball Postseason. The Rangers lost to the Rays 5-2 in the tie-breaker and were eliminated from playoff contention for the first time since 2009.

On October 17, 2013, Nolan Ryan announced that he was stepping down as Rangers CEO effective October 31, 2013.[38]

2014: Injury plagued

Injuries took a major toll on the Rangers in 2014.[39][40] The lone bright spot was Adrián Beltré, who despite spending some time injured, was the most consistent offensive player on the team.[41][42] On September 4, 2014, the Rangers became the first MLB team officially eliminated from 2014 postseason contention when a 10–2 loss at home to the Seattle Mariners dropped their record to 53–87.[43][44] The following day, manager Ron Washington resigned, citing personal issues.[45]

2015: Mid-season revitalization

The 2015 season started off on a bad note with the Ranger's Ace pitcher Yu Darvish having to undergo Tommy John surgery due to a torn UCL before the season began. According to most experts, the Rangers were not expected to place any better than fourth or fifth in the American League West. However, even though the Rangers started the season with an 8-16 record, they were able to surpass the .500 mark on a few different occasions throughout the year. Surprisingly, in 2015 the Rangers were one of the best road teams in all of baseball with a road record of 45-36. Only the Chicago Cubs had a better road record with 48-33.

With the acquisition of Cole Hamels, the Rangers would retain a winning record after August 3. The Rangers would overtake the Houston Astros and clinch the American League West title on the final day of the season with a record of 88-74. It was the Rangers' 6th division title and 7th postseason appearance in franchise history. Hamels' positive effect on the Rangers was compared to that of the Toronto Blue Jays' David Price, another ace starting pitcher who helped spearhead a run to the postseason after blending in seamlessly with a struggling team who acquired him at the trade deadline.

The Rangers lost to the Toronto Blue Jays in five games in the Division Series after squandering a 2-0 series lead.

Season-by-season records

Through the 2015 season, the Rangers have won 4,182 games and lost 4,582 over their history, equating to a .476 lifetime winning percentage. After the 2011 World Series and the 2012 season, the team is 19–25 in individual playoff games, and 4–6 overall for postseason series.

Baseball Hall of Famers

Texas Rangers Hall of Famers
Affiliation according to the National Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum
Washington Senators, Texas Rangers

Nellie Fox

Ted Williams
Texas Rangers

Bert Blyleven

Goose Gossage

Whitey Herzog
Nolan Ryan

Ferguson Jenkins

Gaylord Perry

  • Players and managers listed in bold are depicted on their Hall of Fame plaques wearing a Rangers or Senators cap insignia.
  • * Has no insignia on his cap due to playing at a time when caps bore no insignia.

Chuck Hinton and Frank Howard, who played for the franchise in Washington (although Howard played for the Rangers in 1972), are listed on the Washington Hall of Stars display at Nationals Park in Washington. So are Gil Hodges and Mickey Vernon, who managed the "New Senators". Vernon also played for the "Old Senators", who became the Minnesota Twins.

Ford C. Frick Award recipients

Texas Rangers Ford C. Frick Award recipients
Affiliation according to the National Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum

Jon Miller

Eric Nadel
  • Names in bold received the award based primarily on their work as broadcasters for the Rangers or Senators.

Mascot

Rangers Captain is the mascot for the Texas Rangers. Introduced in 2002, he is a palomino-style horse, dressed in the team's uniform. He wears the uniform number "72" in honor of 1972, the year the Rangers relocated to Arlington.

The mascot also has multiple uniforms to match each of the variants the team has. Rangers Captain's chosen uniform for the game matches the uniform choice made by the team for that particular game. Captain's outfits sometimes match a theme the team is promoting; on Apr 24, 2010, he was dressed up like Elvis as part of an Elvis Presley themed night.

Team captains

Retired numbers

26
Johnny
Oates
Mgr
 
Retired August 6, 2005
34
Nolan
Ryan
P
 
Retired September 15, 1996
42
Jackie
Robinson
–
All MLB
Honored April 15, 1997

Texas Rangers Hall of Fame

"Texas Rangers Hall of Fame" redirects here. For the law enforcement agency, see Texas Ranger Hall of Fame and Museum.

The Texas Rangers Hall of Fame was created in 2003 to honor the careers of former Texas Rangers players, managers, executives and broadcasters. There are currently 19 members.

The Hall is located in Globe Life Park in Arlington, behind right field.[46] The Hall's two levels contain 13,000 square feet, a 235-seat theater, and various plaques, photos, and memorabilia. It can accommodate up to 600 people.[47]

Inductees

Current roster

Texas Rangers roster
Active roster Inactive roster Coaches/Other

Pitchers
Starting rotation

Bullpen

Closer

Catchers

Infielders

Outfielders

Pitchers

Catchers

Infielders

Outfielders

Manager

Coaches

60-day disabled list


25 active, 15 inactive

7- or 15-day disabled list
† Suspended list
# Personal leave
Roster and coaches updated April 25, 2016
Transactions • Depth chart
→ All MLB rosters

Minor league affiliations

Level Team League Location
AAA Round Rock Express Pacific Coast League Round Rock, Texas
AA Frisco RoughRiders Texas League Frisco, Texas
Advanced A High Desert Mavericks California League Adelanto, California
A Hickory Crawdads South Atlantic League Hickory, North Carolina
Short Season A Spokane Indians Northwest League Spokane, Washington
Rookie AZL Rangers Arizona League Surprise, Arizona
DSL Rangers Dominican Summer League Dominican Republic

Franchise records and award winners

Season records

Radio and television

Radio

In addition to the flagship stations listed above, Rangers games can be heard on affiliates throughout much of Texas, and also in parts of Oklahoma, Arkansas, Louisiana, and New Mexico.[48] Eric Nadel is the primary play-by-play announcer. He has called games for the club since 1979 beginning on television broadcasts, then moving exclusively to radio beginning in 1985. He became the primary announcer after the late Mark Holtz moved to television. Currently, Nadel provides play-by-play in the 1st, 2nd, 5th, 6th, 8th, and 9th innings, and color commentary for the other innings. On December 11, 2013, he was awarded the 2014 Ford C. Frick Award by the National Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum for excellence in broadcasting.[49] Matt Hicks now shares the broadcast booth with Nadel. He joined the broadcast in 2012 after Steve Busby moved from radio to television to replace Dave Barnett. Hicks provides play-by-play in the 3rd, 4th, and 7th innings, and color commentary for the other innings. Jared Sandler hosts the pre-game and post-game shows, and also fills in whenever Nadel or Hicks have a day off. For the Spanish radio affiliates, Eleno Ornelas is the play-by-play announcer, and former Rangers pitcher José Guzmán is the color analyst.

Television

Former major leaguer Steve Busby is the primary television play-by-play announcer. Since 1982 on both TV and radio, Busby has had various stints in various positions on Rangers broadcasts from play-by-play to color commentary to pre-game and post-game analysis. In June 2012, Busby moved back to his current role after Dave Barnett left his position as game announcer following an episode in which he experienced speech difficulties. Beginning in 2016, Dave Raymond will substitute for Busby on select games. Tom Grieve is the primary color analyst. A former Rangers player and general manager, Grieve has been in the TV booth since 1995 following the end of his tenure as GM. Another former Ranger, Mark McLemore, substitutes for Grieve and has been doing so more often in recent seasons. McLemore often joins the booth for an inning during home games. He and former Ranger Iván Rodríguez are among the pre-game and post-game analysts used on Fox Sports Southwest (FSSW). FSSW pre-game and post-game shows are hosted by a rotation among Dana Larson, John Rhadigan, Ric Renner, and Erin Hartigan. In-game reporters include Jim Knox, Rhadigan, Hartigan, and Rangers employee Emily Jones (formerly of FSSW).

Due to the Rangers having to play many of their Sunday home games at night, the team has been featured frequently on ESPN's Sunday Night Baseball during the summer months. Rangers games can also be seen on MLB on Fox and TBS.

Texas Rangers Six Shooters

The Texas Rangers Six Shooters is an interactive dance squad for the Texas Rangers that perform various duties at Rangers home games. The girls dance, tumble, and interact with fans.

See also

References

  1. ↑ Wills, Todd (March 11, 2011). "Davis, Simpson to continue as low-key counsel". Major League Baseball Advanced Media. Retrieved August 27, 2015.
  2. ↑ "Ray Davis approved as Rangers' control person" (Press release). Major League Baseball Advanced Media. November 14, 2013. Retrieved August 27, 2015.
  3. ↑ Minot, Jr., George (September 22, 1971). "Short Takes Senators to Texas". The Washington Post.
  4. ↑ McPherson, Myra; Huth, Tom (October 1, 1971). "Rowdy Fans Hand Senators Final Loss". The Washington Post.
  5. ↑ Kalinsky, George; Shannon, Bill (1975). The Ballparks. New York: Hawthorn Books, Inc.
  6. ↑ Los Angeles Times: "Chiles Reaches Agreement on Sale of Rangers" August 27, 1988
  7. ↑ ESPN: "A series of beneficial moves" By Tom Farrey November 1, 1999
  8. ↑ http://www.baseball-almanac.com/prz_cgwb.shtml
  9. ↑ George W. Bush and the Texas Rangers, Espn.com. Retrieved on 2009-03-04.
  10. ↑ Sullivan, T.R. (2006-11-06). "Rangers select Washington to manage". MLB.com. Retrieved 2006-05-30.
  11. ↑ Sullivan, T.R. (2006-12-04). "Rangers come to terms with Padilla". MLB.com. Retrieved 2007-05-30.
  12. ↑ Sullivan, T.R. (2006-12-23). "Rangers acquire McCarthy from Sox". MLB.com. Retrieved 2007-05-30.
  13. ↑ Sullivan, T.R. (2007-03-19). "It's now Rangers Ballpark in Arlington". MLB.com. Retrieved 2007-05-30.
  14. ↑ "Rangers exploring SS Michael Young's trade demand – ESPN". Sports.espn.go.com. 2009-01-12. Retrieved 2013-08-29.
  15. ↑ "Young will shift to third base | texasrangers.com: News". Mlb.mlb.com. 2013-05-24. Retrieved 2013-08-29.
  16. ↑ "Michael Young Stats – Texas Rangers – ESPN". Sports.espn.go.com. 1976-10-19. Retrieved 2013-08-29.
  17. ↑ "Tom Hicks’ Sports Group Defaults On $525 Million In Loans". FINalternatives. 2009-04-03. Retrieved 2013-08-29.
  18. ↑ "Tom Hicks might sell MLB's Texas Rangers, not NHL's Dallas Stars – ESPN". Sports.espn.go.com. 2009-05-28. Retrieved 2013-08-29.
  19. ↑ Edes, Gordon (2009-07-02). "Rangers borrow money from MLB – MLB – Yahoo! Sports". Sports.yahoo.com. Retrieved 2013-08-29.
  20. 1 2 Hicks' sale of Rangers finalized MLB.com
  21. ↑ "Brown: Time for MLB to Play Hardball on the Texas Rangers Sale". Bizofbaseball.com. 2010-04-22. Retrieved 2013-08-29.
  22. ↑ "MLB statement on Rangers sale : Texas Rangers Blog | work=The Dallas Morning News". Rangersblog.dallasnews.com. 2010-04-21. Retrieved 2013-08-29.
  23. ↑ Fort Worth Star-Telegram (2010-04-21). "Foul Territory: MLB says it's in control of sale". Startelegramsports.typepad.com. Retrieved 2013-08-29.
  24. ↑ "Rangers owner Tom Hicks: I'm concerned about the sale". The Dallas Morning News. 2010-04-21. Texas Rangers Blog. Retrieved 2013-08-29.
  25. ↑ "Selig Sets Deadline on Stalled Texas Rangers Sale". Bizofbaseball.com. 2010-05-13. Retrieved 2013-08-29.
  26. ↑ Madden, Bill; Siemaszko, Corky (May 24, 2010). "A-Rod takes a hit: Texas Rangers file for bankruptcy, could cost Yankees' Alex Rodriguez $25 million". Daily News (New York).
  27. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Morath, Eric (May 24, 2010). "Texas Rangers Owe Alex Rodriguez $24.9 Million". The Wall Street Journal.
  28. ↑ "Q-and-A with new Texas Rangers owner Chuck Greenberg – ESPN Dallas". Sports.espn.go.com. 2010-01-27. Retrieved 2013-08-29.
  29. ↑ "Rangers go to Greenberg-Ryan in auction | texasrangers.com: News". Texas.rangers.mlb.com. 2013-05-24. Retrieved 2013-08-29.
  30. 1 2 Durrett, Richard. "Club release on Chuck Greenberg's exit – Dallas Texas Rangers Blog – ESPN Dallas". Espn.go.com. Retrieved 2013-08-29.
  31. 1 2 "Nolan Ryan approved by MLB as controlling owner of Texas Rangers | texasrangers.com: News". Mlb.mlb.com. Retrieved 2013-08-29.
  32. ↑ "Davis, Simpson to continue as low-key counsel – Board co-chairmen's roles will remain behind the scenes". Texas Rangers. MLB. March 11, 2011. Retrieved Oct 14, 2011.
  33. ↑ Richard Durrett (January 26, 2010). "Ryan expects restrictions to be lifted". ESPNDallas.com. sports.espn.go.com. Retrieved February 9, 2010.
  34. ↑ "With Cantu's help, Rangers clinch AL West". Mlb.mlb.com. Retrieved 2013-08-29.
  35. ↑ "Pennant vanquishes Rangers' ghosts". ESPN. 2010-10-22. Retrieved 2010-10-24.
  36. ↑ "MLB.com Gameday | texasrangers.com: Gameday". Mlb.mlb.com. 2011-10-16. Retrieved 2013-08-29.
  37. ↑ RoseCrans, Trent. "Ron Washington's Game 7 pregame speech.leaked". CBS. Retrieved March 12, 2014.
  38. ↑ Fraley, Gerry (October 17, 2013). "Nolan Ryan to retire as Texas Rangers CEO on Halloween". The Dallas Morning News. Retrieved October 17, 2013.
  39. ↑ Keri, Johnah. "The Texas Rangers' Lost Season". Grantland. Retrieved 11 June 2014.
  40. ↑ Land, Brandon. "Rangers chasing dubious record". ESPN. Retrieved 26 August 2014.
  41. ↑ Andracki, Tony; Stankevitz, JJ. "MLB Power Rankings: Running down each team's MVP". CSN Chicago. Retrieved 30 September 2014.
  42. ↑ Mailhot, Jake. "Series Preview: Mariners (71-58) vs Rangers (50-79)". Yahoo! Sports. Retrieved 25 August 2014.
  43. ↑ "Mariners 10, Rangers 2: Recap". ESPN.com. Retrieved September 6, 2014.
  44. ↑ "MLB Standings – Sep 4, 2014". ESPN.com. Retrieved September 6, 2014.
  45. ↑ Goldman, Steven. "Ron Washington, good man/bad manager, resigns". SB Nation. Retrieved 5 September 2014.
  46. ↑ The word "Baseball" is often inserted after "Rangers", to distinguish the Hall from the law-enforcement Texas Ranger Hall of Fame and Museum. Texas Rangers Baseball Hall of Fame. TexasRangers.com MLB Adbanced Media, L.P. Retrieved 2011-08-06.
  47. ↑ Texas Rangers Baseball Hall of Fame. TexasRangers.com MLB Adbanced Media, L.P. Retrieved 2011-08-06.
  48. ↑ "Texas Rangers Radio Affiliates". Texas Rangers. Retrieved 2016-04-05.
  49. ↑ "2014 Ford C. Frick Award Winner Eric Nadel". Baseball Hall of Fame. Retrieved 2016-04-05.

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Texas Rangers (baseball).
This article is issued from Wikipedia - version of the Monday, May 02, 2016. The text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share Alike but additional terms may apply for the media files.