Turkish name

A Turkish name consists of an ad or an isim (given name; plural adlar and isimler) and a soyadı or soyisim (surname).[1] Turkish names exist in a "full name" format. While there is only one soyadı (surname) in the full name, for men, there may be more than one ad (given name) for all. Married women may carry both their maiden and husband's surnames. The soyadı is written as the last element of the full name, after all given names (except that official documents often use the format "Soyadı, Adı").

Given names

At least one name, often two but very rarely more, are given to a person at birth. Most names are gender-specific: Oğuz is strictly for males, Tuğçe only for females. Many modern given names (such as Deniz, "sea"; or Ülkü, "ideal") are given to newborns of either sex.

Among the common examples of the many unisex names in Turkey include Aytaç, Deniz, Derya, Evren, Evrim, Özgür, and Yücel. Unlike English unisex names, most Turkish unisex names have been traditionally used for both genders. However, some unisex names are used more for one gender (Derya is used more for girls, whereas Özgür is used more for boys). Names are given to babies by their parents and then registered in "The Central Civil Registration System" (MERNIS)[2] while preparing the baby's identity document at the birth registration office of the district's governorship.

Turkish names are often words with specific meanings in the Turkish language.[3] These names are almost always pure Turkish names that derive from Turkish words. The names may either be modern names or be derived from ancient Turkic mythology.

Most Turkish names can easily be differentiated from others,[4] except those of other Turkic nations, particularly Azerbaijan,[5] especially if they are of pure Turkic origin. The Law on the Adoption and Implementation of the Turkish Alphabet of 1928, in force as decreed by article 174 of the Constitution of Turkey, prescribes that only Turkish letters may be used on birth certificates. As the Turkish alphabet has no Q, W, or X, many common Kurdish names cannot be officially given unless they are transliterated into Turkish.

Giving a second name in (Romanized) Arabic to signify religion is distinguishable in Turkey. Ideological concerns of the families can also affect naming behaviour.[6] Arabic names are the names of important figures in the religion of Islam such as Muhammed and Ali. Some of these names have evolved in time, differentiating from the Arabic original, as in the case of Mehmet although the original name (Muhammed) also began to be used after the switch to the Latin alphabet distinguished the two spellings. Another change is for linguistic reasons such as in the case of Vahdettin (Vahideddin), Sadettin (Saadeddin) or Nurettin (Nureddin).

Some Turkish people with two given names are commonly referred to with just one of these names while others are referred to with both. For example, the writer Ferit Orhan Pamuk is commonly known simply as Orhan Pamuk, but another writer, Ahmet Hamdi Tanpınar, is known with both given names.

Surnames

Until the introduction of the Surname Law in 1934, as part of Atatürk's Reforms, Turkish citizens had no surname. The law required all citizens of Turkey to adopt an official surname. Before that, male Turks often used their father's name followed by -oğlu ("son of"), or a nickname of the family, before their given name (e.g. Mustafa-oğlu Mehmet, Köselerin Hasan) before the modern era. The Turks who descended from a ruling house used -zade ("descendant in the male line"), e.g. Sami Paşazade Mehmet Bey ("Mehmet Bey, descendant/son of Sami Pasha").

The surname (soyad, literally "lineage name" or "family name") is an ancestry-based name following a person's given names, used for addressing people or the family.[7] The surname (soyadı) is a single word according to Turkish law. It is not gender-specific and has no gender-dependent modifications. The soyadı is neither patronymic nor matronymic. Surnames in Turkey are patrilineal: they pass in the male line from father to his legal children without any change in form. Turkey has abolished all notions of nobility; thus, there is no noble form or type of surname.

Since 2014, women in Turkey are allowed to keep their birth names alone for their whole life instead of using their husbands' names.[8] Prior to this date, the Turkish Code of Civil Law Article 187 required a married woman to compulsorily obtain her husband's surname after the marriage; or otherwise, to use her birth name in front of her husband’s name by giving a written application to the marriage officer or the civil registry office. In 2014, the Constitutional Court ruled that prohibiting married women from retaining only maiden names is a violation of their rights.[9] After divorce, the woman returns to her pre-marriage surname. The court may grant a woman the right to keep her ex-husband's surname after divorcing; the court's decision must consider both the man's and the woman's situations.[10] A woman may have only two surnames due to marriage. Thus, a woman who continues to use double surname after divorcing, cannot take a third surname by marrying again.[11] The child of a family takes the "family name", which is his or her father's surname. A child takes their mother's surname if the mother is not married, or if the father is unknown.[12]

Turkish citizens may change their surnames according to Turkish Civil Law[13] and Turkish Law on Population Services via court decision of "civil court of first instance".[14]

Most common names

Male

YearNo. 1No. 2No. 3No. 4No. 5No. 6No. 7No. 8No. 9 No. 10
Babies born, 2013[15]YusufBeratMustafaEmirAhmetÖmerMehmetMuhammedEmirhanEymen
Overall, 2013[16]MehmetMustafaAhmetAliHüseyinHasanİbrahimİsmailOsmanYusuf

Female

YearNo. 1No. 2No. 3No. 4No. 5No. 6No. 7No. 8No. 9 No. 10
Babies born, 2013[15]ZeynepElifEcrinYağmurAzraZehraNisanurElaBelinayNehir
Overall, 2013[16]FatmaAyşeEmineHaticeZeynepElifMeryemŞerifeZehraSultan

Surnames

YearNo. 1No. 2No. 3No. 4No. 5No. 6No. 7No. 8No. 9 No. 10
Overall, 2013[17]YılmazKayaDemirŞahinÇelikYıldızYıldırımÖztürkAydınÖzdemir

See also

References

  1. ↑ Ad. (2009). In Güncel Türkçe Sözlük. Turkish Language Society. Retrieved April 19, 2009, from http://www.tdk.gov.tr/TR/SozBul.aspx?F6E10F8892433CFFAAF6AA849816B2EF4376734BED947CDE&Kelime=ad
  2. ↑ "Mernis (2009)". Retrieved April 18, 2009.
  3. ↑ Razum, O., Zeeb, H., & Akgün, S. (2001). How useful is a name-based algorithm in health research among Turkish migrants in Germany? Tropical Medicine & International Health: TM & IH, 6(8), 654-61.
  4. ↑ Bouwhuis, C. B., & Moll, H. A. (2003) Determination of Ethnicity in Children in the Netherlands: Two Methods Compared. European Journal of Epidemiology, 18(5), p. 385.
  5. ↑ "Azerbaijani Baby Names". Babynames2go.com. Retrieved 2012-05-01.
  6. ↑ Kazancı, Metin. (2006). Althusser, Ideology And Final Word On Ideology. Istanbul University Faculty of Communication Journal. 24. Retrieved April 18, 2009, from http://ilef.ankara.edu.tr/id/yazi.php?yad=10301
  7. ↑ Soyadı. (2009). In Büyük Türkçe Sözlük. Turkish Language Society. Retrieved April 22, 2009, from http://tdkterim.gov.tr/bts/?kategori=veritbn&kelimesec=287089.
  8. ↑ "Married Women in Turkey may use their maiden name without husband’s surname hereinafter". Birthname usage in Turkey. Retrieved 24 February 2016.
  9. ↑ http://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/prohibiting-married-women-from-retaining-only-maiden-names-a-violation-top-court.aspx?pageID=238&nID=60734&NewsCatID=339
  10. ↑ Turkish Grand National Assembly. (2001). Turkish Civil Law. Retrieved April 22, 2009, from http://www.tbmm.gov.tr/kanunlar/k4721.html. (article 173)
  11. ↑ Turkish Grand National Assembly. (2001). Turkish Civil Law. Retrieved April 22, 2009, from http://www.tbmm.gov.tr/kanunlar/k4721.html. (article 187)
  12. ↑ Turkish Grand National Assembly. (2001). Turkish Civil Law. Retrieved April 22, 2009, from http://www.tbmm.gov.tr/kanunlar/k4721.html. (article 321)
  13. ↑ Turkish Grand National Assembly. (2001). Turkish Civil Law. Retrieved April 22, 2009, from http://www.tbmm.gov.tr/kanunlar/k4721.html. (articles 26, 27)
  14. ↑ Turkish Grand National Assembly. (2001). Turkish Civil Law. Retrieved April 22, 2009, from http://www.tbmm.gov.tr/kanunlar/k5490.html. (articles 35,36,37)
  15. 1 2 "Most Popular Given Names to Babies, 2013" (PDF). Turkish General Directorate of Population and Citizenships. Retrieved 2013-10-22.
  16. 1 2 "Most Popular Given Names, 2013" (PDF). Turkish General Directorate of Population and Citizenships. Retrieved 2013-10-22.
  17. ↑ "Most Popular Surnames, 2013" (PDF). Turkish General Directorate of Population and Citizenships. Retrieved 20 July 2014.

External links

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