U.S. presidents on U.S. postage stamps


- George Washington -
Issue of 1861
Engraving modeled after the Gilbert Stuart portrait

For more than 160 years the one subject that has appeared most frequently on the face of U.S. Postage stamps is that of American Presidents. When the U.S. Post Office released its first two postage stamps in 1847, George Washington, along with Benjamin Franklin, were the two subjects depicted on these premier issues. The advent of Presidents on postage stamps has been definitive to U.S. Postage stamp design since the first issues were released and set the precedent that U.S. stamp designs would follow for many generations.

The paper postage stamp itself was born of utility (in England, 1840), as something simple and easy to use was needed to confirm that postage had been paid for an item of mail. People could purchase several stamps at one time and no longer had to make a special trip to pay for postage each time an item was mailed. The postage stamp design was usually printed from a fine engraving and were almost impossible to forge adequately. This is where the appearance of presidents on stamps was introduced. Moreover, the subject theme of a president, along with the honors associated with it, is what began to define the stamp issues in ways that took it beyond the physical postage stamp itself and is why people began to collect them. There exist entire series of stamp issues whose printing was inspired by the subject alone.

The portrayals of Washington and Franklin on U.S. Postage are among the most definitive of examples and have appeared on numerous postage stamps. The presidential theme in stamp designs would continue as the decades passed, each period issuing stamps with variations of the same basic presidential-portrait design theme. The portrayals of U.S. Presidents on U.S. postage has remained a significant subject and design theme on definitive postage throughout most of U.S. stamp issuance history.[1][2]

The engraved portrayals of U.S. Presidents was the exclusive design and theme found on U.S. postage from 1847 until 1869, with the one exception of Benjamin Franklin, the likes of whom was presidential in his aspect to many people. Twenty two years would pass as the U.S. Post Office continued to issue various postage stamps bearing the depictions of George Washington foremost, Benjamin Franklin, Thomas Jefferson, Andrew Jackson and Abraham Lincoln, who didn't appear until 1866, one year after his death. After twenty two years of issuing stamps with only American Presidents and Franklin, the Post Office[3] in 1869 issued a series of eleven postage stamps that were generally regarded by the American public as being abruptly different from the previous issues and whose designs were considered at the time to be a break from the tradition of honoring American forefathers on the nation's postage stamps. These new issues had other non presidential subjects and a design style that was also different, one issue bearing a horse, another a locomotive while others were depicted with nonpresidential themes. Washington and Lincoln were to be found only once in this series of eleven stamps and were also considered to be below par in design and image quality. As a result, this pictographic series was met with general disdain and proved so unpopular that the issues were consequently sold for only one year where remaining stocks were pulled from post offices across the United States.[2][4][5]

In 1870 the U.S. Post Office resumed its short-lived tradition of printing postage stamps with the portraits of American Presidents and Franklin but now added several other famous Americans, including Henry Clay, Daniel Webster, Alexander Hamilton and General Winfield Scott among other notable Americans.[1][2] Indeed, the balance had now shifted somewhat; of the ten stamps issued in 1870, only four offered presidential images. Moreover, presidents also appeared on less than half of the denominations in the definitive sets of 1890, 1917, 1954 and 1965, while occupying only a slight majority of values in the definitive issues of 1894–98, 1902 and 1922–25.

Presidential images did, however, overwhelmingly dominate the definitive sets released in 1908 and 1938: on the former, 10 of the 11 stamps offered the same image of Washington, while in the 1938 "prexies" series, 29 of the 32 stamps presented busts of presidents. The 1975 Americana Series marked a clear end to this tradition, being the first U.S. definitive issue on which no presidential portrait appeared; and presidents played only a minor role in the subsequent Great Americans series.

First appearances

The portrayals of various American presidents made their first appearances on U.S. postage at different times for very different reasons. Among the most definitive is George Washington, whose engraving (along with that of Benjamin Franklin) appeared on the first U.S. Postage stamps released by the U.S. Post Office, on July 1 of 1847. Thomas Jefferson first appeared on U.S. postage in March 1856, nine years after the first issues were released. Fifteen years of stamp issuance would pass before Andrew Jackson would appear on a U.S. postage stamp. However, by this time, Jackson had already been presented on two Confederate stamps (both 2-cent values), making him the only U.S. president introduced to postage by the Confederacy rather than the U.S. Post Office. Abraham Lincoln appeared for the first time on a U.S. postage stamp with the issue of 1866, released on April 14, 1866, the first anniversary of his death. Up until this time only the portrayals of Washington, Franklin, Jefferson and Jackson were found on U.S. postage.[1]

George Washington
Issue of 1847
Thomas Jefferson
Issue of 1856
Andrew Jackson
Issue of 1863
Abraham Lincoln
Issue of 1866


George Washington

Washington
---- As there are no photographs of Washington and his portraits usually hang in halls or museums, or tucked away in history books, this is the profile, found on several issues of U.S. postage stamps, that most Americans came to know Washington's appearance by. The engraving was modeled after a bust of Washington by renowned French sculptor Jean Antoine Houdon.

George Washington (February 22, 1732 – December 14, 1799) was the first President of the United States, serving from 1789 to 1797, and before this, served as the commander of the Continental Army in the American Revolutionary War from 1775 to 1783. The Electoral College elected Washington unanimously in 1789, and again in the 1792 election; To this day George Washington remains the only American president to have received 100 percent of the electoral votes. Washington took his oath of office while standing on the balcony of Federal Hall on Wall Street in New York City.[10][11]

The chronology of presidents on U.S. postage begins with George Washington. Near the end of Washington's second term as president, Martha Washington commissioned the well-known portrait artist Gilbert Stuart to paint both her portrait and the president's. Stuart was known for the length of time it took him to complete a painting, and consequently neither the president nor his wife ever saw the finished paintings. The two portraits remained unfinished and tacked to a door in Stuart's Boston studio until his death in 1828. In 1860, artist Rembrandt Peale finished Stuart's work, filling in where this artist had left off. Stewart's portrait of Washington[12][13] became the model image for a good number of postage issues of the 19th and 20th centuries.[14]

George Washington remains the central figure found on U.S. postage over the last 160 and more years. The first president appears on the face of U.S. postage more than any other American president. The engraved images of Washington found on the early issues set the precedent that all U.S. postage issues would follow in the following decades. Indeed, in virtually every U.S. definitive stamp series offered between 1851 and 1932, Washington appeared on the normal letter-rate value (the only exception being the shortlived 1869 pictorial issue); other presidents, statesmen and famous Americans were confined to the less commonly used denominations. Since the first U.S. postage stamp was issued by the U.S. Post Office, there have been more examples of George Washington appearing on U.S. postage than all other American presidents combined, including Thomas Jefferson, Andrew Jackson, Abraham Lincoln and even the frequently honored Benjamin Franklin (who was not president).[1] Examples of all the various Washington stamps are too numerous to include in this section, as many of the issues are very similar with only differences in color and denomination, such as the Washington-Franklin issues. Featured below are the issues that are unique in their designs and the most definitive.

Pre-history

When the U.S. Post Office issued its 10-cent Washington value of 1847 as part of the first U.S. national postage stamp release, Washington's image had already been appearing for five years on postage stamps printed in the U.S. by private letter-carrying services and by local postmasters. Indeed, the first postage stamp ever produced in the Western Hemisphere was a 3-cent issue bearing a somewhat crude engraving of Washington, introduced in 1842 by the City Despatch Post in New York City.

N. Y. Postmaster's Provisional, 1845

In 1845, the New York Postmaster issued a provisional stamp for local use which offered a far more elegant image of Washington, engraved by the firm of Rawdon, Wright and Hatch (the same company that, two years later, would produce the first National U.S. postage stamps). That year, Washington also appeared on a very rare 5-cent provisional issue offered by the post office in Millbury Massachusetts. Washington was the only president depicted on any of the postmasters' provisionals released during this period.

Classic period

Postage stamp designs of this period were typically taken from paintings and other works by famous artists that set the precedent for stamp designs in the ensuing years of American stamp production. Engravers from this period typically used the works of John Trumbull, Gilbert Stuart and Jean Antoine Houdon as models for their engravings.[7]

Issue of 1851/57
Issue of 1851
Issue of 1855
Issue of 1860
Issue of 1860

Civil War era

Abraham Lincoln assumed office in March 1861 and just one month later the Confederate forces fired on Fort Sumter which marked the beginning of the American Civil War. Issued only months after the Battle of Fort Sumter, no other series of stamps issued during the Classic Period has such an important connection to American history as the 1861 National Bank Note Company Issues. As in the series issued between 1851 and 1860, Washington occurs five times in the 1861 group while Franklin occurs twice and Jefferson once.[1]

Issue of 1861
Issue of 1861
Issue of 1861
Issue of 1862
Issue of 1861
Issue of 1869

Post–Civil War

Bust of Washingtonby Jean Antoine Houdon
This sculpture served as the model for Washington engravings on a variety of postage issues of the late 19th century

The ending of the American Civil War marked a beginning in U.S. stamp subject and design change. The Union victory brought with it a strong American nationalism among the populace throughout the north and much of the country. This national sentiment was largely responsible for the various Civil War figures to appear on U.S. Postage. Up until 1869 with the one exception of Benjamin Franklin only American presidents were found on US Postage. In April 1870, however, the images of Henry Clay, Daniel Webster, Winfield Scott, Alexander Hamilton and Oliver Hazzard Perry appeared on new the 12¢, 15¢, 24¢, 30¢ and 90¢ stamps, and the following year Edwin M. Stanton, the US Secretary of War under Lincoln, appeared on a 7-cent postage stamp.[1][17]

1870s

The postage issued in the US during this time was printed by the National Bank Note Company (NBNCo) on white wove paper. The first printing was issued with 'grills', tiny cuts in the paper to absorb ink. Later reprintings were issued without grilling. The National Bank Note Company's contract expired in 1873, and the Continental Bank Note Company (CBNC) won the contract to continue printing the series and took over some of the dies and plates used by NBNCo. The new company employed secret marks on the lower-value stamps to distinguish its work from the first printing.[1][7] The green Washington 3¢ issue was printed in such large quantities that postally used examples remain inexpensive to this day, from pennies to a few dollars, depending on type of cancellation and condition. (The green variety was reprinted again by the American Bank Note Company (AmBNC), also in very large quantities, and issued on July 16, 1881.) The 3-cent Washington design was printed yet a fourth time, in vermillion, in 1887. The 3-cent issues paid the domestic letter rate for a half-ounce letter.[1]

The profile image of George Washington found on various postage issues of the late 19th century and early 20th century is modeled after a bust of Washington by the renowned sculptor Jean-Antoine Houdon. Several engravers of presidential portraits on US Postage have modeled their engravings after Houdon's sculptures.

Large Bank Notes of the 1870s
Issue of 1870
NBNCo
 Engraving taken from bust by Jean Antoine Houdon
Issue of 1887
(reprint of 1870 issue)
Jean Antoine Houdon's portrait sculpture of Washington was the result of a specific invitation from Benjamin Franklin to come to the United States so that Washington could model for him. Washington sat for wet clay life models and a plaster life mask in 1785.[18] These models served for many commissions of Washington and eventually were used as models for the engravings of Washington on several US Postage issues of the 1870s, 1880s and 1890s.

1880s

In 1883 the U.S. Post Office reduced the first-class letter rate from 3 cents to 2 cents for a half-ounce letter mailed within the continental United States, which the U.S. Congress approved on March 3, 1883, effective October 1, 1883.[19] The Post Office immediately issued a 2 cent Washington stamp, so that the First President's image would remain visible on normal letters.

American Bank Note Company
Engraving taken from bust by Jean Antoine Houdon
Issue of 1883
Issue of 1883
Issue of 1887

1890s

Stamp issues during the 1890s were first printed by the American Bank Note Company in 1890 and then by the Bureau of Engraving and Printing in 1894. The image for both issues was produced by an engraving that was modeled after a bust of Washington by sculptor Jean Antoine Houdon.[9]

Issue of 1890
Issue of 1895

Start of the 20th century

At the start of the 20th century, George Washington continued to be the most prominent subject depicted on the face of U.S. postage stamps. Washington would remain the most prevalent figure on U.S. Postage for most of the 20th century. Only Benjamin Franklin whose image also appears on numerous U.S. postage is second to Washington for the simple reason that Franklin is depicted on the numerous denominations of the Washington-Franklin series almost as often as Washington.[20] Ironically, George Washington does not appear on a Commemorative issue until 1925 where he is featured on a stamp commemorating another historical event.

Issue of 1903
  • Issued on January 17, 1903, the 2c carmine red Washington postage stamp was issued by the US Post Office. The engraving of Washington was inspired and modeled after a painting by Gilbert Stuart which features a one quarter left image of Washington. R. Ostrander Smith designed the stamp. The vignette with its two American flags is often referred to as the Washington 'Flag' stamp. Washington's portrait was engraved by George F. C. Smillie who has engraved a variety of stamp images for the Bureau of Engraving and Printing. The 1903 issue is one among the second series of stamp issues that were produced that year by the Bureau.
Issue of 1903
  • On November 12, 1903, because of public dissatisfaction with the 1903 2-cent Washington 'Flag' stamp, the Post Office issued a new 2-cent stamp featuring Washington's portrait within a shield of stars and stripes. Often referred to as the 2-cent Washington 'Shield' stamp, this issue was released on November 12 of 1903. Along with the shield background, the left numeral is enclosed with laurel leaves while the number on the right is surrounded with oak leaves, symbolizing Washington's role as president in peace time and as general in times of war. Unlike the first 2c stamp of 1903 this issue was designed by Clair Aubrey Huston from a painting by Gilbert Stuart.[9] The engraving of Washington was done by George F. C. Smillie. The Washington 'Shield' stamp is recognized for its many shade varieties, as collectors have distinguished over a hundred shades of this particular issue.[1]

Washington-Franklin Issues

The Washington – Franklin Issue

The Washington Franklin Issues were unique in the sense that these subjects were the only ones found on definitive stamps for more than a decade. Beginning in 1908 the Washington Franklin definitive stamps were issued over a twelve-year period in denominations ranging from 'One-Cent' to Five-Dollars, with different colors for each denomination, all with the same engraved profile of Washington or Franklin. While both Washington and Franklin occur on the 1-cent values, both in green, only one of them appears in a given series (Franklin on the issues until 1912, Washington on the subsequent releases).[20] In the first issue, Franklin appeared only on the one-cent value, while the same Washington image graced the remaining eleven denominations, which ranged from two cents to one dollar. In later issues, Washington was present only on the seven denominations between one cent and seven cents, and all the higher values were assigned to Franklin. The engraving of Washington was modeled after a bust by the renowned sculptor Jean Antoine Houdon.[9] The few examples exhibited here are largely representative of this greater series. Franklin is displayed once here for general reference to the Washington-Franklin issues.

Issue of 1908
Issue of 1917
Issue of 1909
Washington on coil stamps
issue of 1911
The various denominations found on postage for a given year issue can be viewed on the
Washington-Franklin issues chart.

Washington on commemorative issues

Until the end of World War I, the Post Office, as a rule, issued commemorative stamps for only one reason: to promote a significant national exposition mounted by a U.S. city (the solitary exception to this practice was the Lincoln Memorial issue of 1909). The limited range of stamp subjects suitable to these trade fairs left no room for Washington's image on such commemoratives—even though he was the central subject of U.S. definitive stamps during these years. It was only after this restriction had been abandoned, in 1925, that Washington first appeared on a commemorative issue. This was twenty-one years after the Louisiana Purchase Exposition series, which had included the first three American commemoratives to honor specific presidents: Thomas Jefferson, James Monroe and William McKinley.[22]

Washington at Cambridge
Issue of 1925
Washington at Prayer
Issue of 1928
Washington at Brooklyn
Issue of 1951
Washington takes Oath
Issue of 1939
Battle of Yorktown
Issue of 1931
Washington Green
Issue of 1937
Washington, Lee & University
Issue of 1949
Christmas Issue, 1977

Washington's 200th anniversary

On January 1, 1932, in celebration of George Washington's 200th anniversary of birth, the U.S. Post Office released its Washington Bicentennial Issue, a series of twelve postage stamps each with a different portrait of Washington. Each engraved portrayal was modeled from a different painting by an early American artist and the images present Washington at different periods in his life.[1][7] Engravings of Washington often depict his profile. In the 1932 Bi-Centennial anniversary series there are two issues that show Washington in profile, one facing left, the other facing right. Information regarding quantities issued can be found on the Washington Bicentennial Issue page.

Washington Bicentennial issue of 1932

The Washington Bicentennial issues of 1932 are the first commemorative postage stamps ever issued by the US Post Office that honor and depict George Washington by himself, and not in conjunction with other people, places and events as is the case with the three commemoratives with Washington's image issued before 1932.[2] It should be noted that 4.2 billion copies of the 2-cent Washington value in this series were produced, a total that remains the largest stamp printing of a single issue ever to occur in U.S. Postal history.[23]

Washington issues, middle 20th century

Issue of 1923
Issue of 1932
Issue of 1938
Issue of 1954
Issue of 1962
Issue of 1966

Washington, recent issues

Issue of 1982
Issue of 2001

In recent years, Washington has appeared much less frequently on US Postage stamps than he did during 19th and early 20th centuries. In the beginning of postage stamp issuance new issues were few and only presidents were found on US Postage, with the well liked exception of Ben Franklin. In recent days, issues are many and a whole array of various individuals are now found on US Postage stamps. The Post Office has been both admired and criticized for this practice.

John Adams

Issue of 1938

John Adams (October 30, 1735 – July 4, 1826) was the second President of the United States serving from 1797 to 1801.

  • The engraved portrayal of Adams (1735–1826) appears on the 2-cent value of the 1938 Presidential Series, issued on June 3, 1938. Daniel Chester French's marble 1889 bust of Adams displayed in the US Capitol's Senate Gallery was the model used for the engraving of Adams.

Thomas Jefferson

JeffersonDie Proof 1861

Thomas Jefferson (April 13, 1743 – July 4, 1826) served from 1801 to 1809.

Thomas Jefferson's likeness over the years has been finely depicted on the face of the various postage issues that honored him. The first issue to depict Jefferson was issued in 1856, (displayed above) nine years after the Post Office issued its first two stamps of Washington and Franklin in 1847. (Before this time hand-stamps were used to mark and confirm payment of postage.) Almost as popular and famous as George Washington, Jefferson appears comparatively less often on US postage issues, and unlike Washington and Franklin, appears on just two commemorative issues, one in 1904, displayed below), the other on the AMERIPEX presidential issue of 1986. His remaining depictions are confined to regular issues.[22]

Issue of 1861
Issue of 1870
Issue of 1890
Issue of 1894
Issue of 1903
Issue of 1923
Issue of 1938
Issue of 1954
Issue of 1968

Jefferson on commemorative issue

Another oddity of US Postage is the fact that Thomas Jefferson up until recently only appeared on one US commemorative issue, which was released in 1904. It was one of the first three commemorative issues ever to honor U.S. Presidents.[1]

The First Presidential Commemorative
Classic engraving of Jefferson Louisiana Purchase Exposition Issue of 1904.

James Madison

James Madison, fourth President of the United States, served from 1809–1817. Madison appears on three Definitive issues.[22]

Issue of 1894
Issue of 1903
Issue of 1938
1st Madison Commemorative
Issue of 2001
Until relatively recently James Madison never appeared on a US commemorative postage stamp. The 200th anniversary of his birth in 1951 remained unacknowledged among the seven commemorative postage stamps that were issued that year. Madison was included along with the other past presidents on a 22-cent commemorative AMERIPEX presidential issue released in 1986. In 2001 the US Post Office finally honored James Madison with a single commemorative stamp, issued for the 250th anniversary of his birth, first released in New York, N.Y., on October 18, 2001. The stamp was designed and illustrated by John Thompson.[7]

James Monroe

James Monroe, (April 28, 1758 – July 4, 1831) fifth President of the United States, served two terms from 1817 to 1825.

Issue of 1925
First Monroe Postage stamp Issue of 1904
Issue of 1938
Issue of 1958
Issue of 1954
Issue of 1938

John Quincy Adams

John Quincy Adams (July 11, 1767 – February 23, 1848) was the sixth President of the United States from March 4, 1825, to March 4, 1829.

Andrew Jackson

Andrew Jackson, seventh President of the United States, served from 1829–1837. He was the commander of the American forces at the Battle of New Orleans in 1815. Jackson died in 1845, however the US Post Office did not release a stamp in his honor until 18 years after his death, with the issue of 1863 (displayed in First appearances) above).[1] At that time, as aforesaid, he had already appeared on two different Confederate 2c stamps.

Regular issues of the 19th century
Issue of 1873
Issue of 1883
Issue of 1894
Regular issues of the 20th century
Issue of 1903
Issue of 1938
Issue of 1963
Issue of 1967

Andrew Jackson on commemorative issues

Andrew Jackson appears on three commemorative issues: The Army Issue of 1937, the Tennessee Statehood issue of 1946 and the Battle of New Orleans issue of 1961.[1]

Jackson Scott
Issue of 1937
Tennessee Statehood
Issue of 1946
Battle of New Orleans
Issue of 1961

Martin Van Buren

Issue of 1938

Martin Van Buren (December 5, 1782 – July 24, 1862) was the eighth President of the United States from 1837 to 1841. Before his presidency, he served as the eighth Vice President (1833–1837) and the 10th Secretary of State under Andrew Jackson. Van Buren was the first US President to be born an American citizen.[35]

  • Van Buren appears on the 1938 issue, the 8-cent olive green denomination of the 1938 Presidential Series, a series of stamps whose denominations corresponded with the number of the given President's term. A sculpted bust of Van Buren on display in the US Capitol's Senate Gallery was used as the model for the engraving of the President's image for this issue.
  • Van Buren is honored on the AMERIPEX presidential issue of 1986.

William Henry Harrison

William Henry Harrison (February 9, 1773 – April 4, 1841) was the ninth President of the United States, and served in the U.S. Army as an officer. A hero in the War of 1812, he was the first president to die in office.[36] The oldest president elected until Ronald Reagan in 1980, and last President to be born before the United States Declaration of Independence, Harrison died on his thirty-second day in office.[37] Harrison's grandson, Benjamin Harrison of Indiana, was the 23rd president, from 1889 to 1893, making them the only grandparent–grandchild pair of presidents.[38]

Issue of 1938
  
Issue of 1950
  • Harrison appears on the 9-cent pink 1938 Presidential Series issue. The image of Harrison is taken from a bust displayed in the Rotunda of the Virginia State Capitol building.[7] The issue was designed by William Schrage and the master engraver was C. A. Brooks.[39]
  • On July 4, 1950, the US Post Office issued a 3 cent Indiana territory commemorative celebrating the 150th anniversary of Indiana statehood, releasing the stamp at the Vincennes, Indiana Post office. The central design of the stamp is a portrait of William Henry Harrison who was the first governor of Indiana Territory. Behind him is an image of the First State Capitol building.[7]
  • Harrison appears on the AMERIPEX presidential commemorative issues of 1986.

John Tyler

Issue of 1938

John Tyler (March 29, 1790 – January 18, 1862) was the tenth President of the United States (1841–1845) and the first to succeed to the office following the death of a predecessor. Tyler assumed office when President William H. Harrison died only 32 days into his term as U.S. President.[36]

  • The image of John Tyler (1790–1862), appears on the orange-brown 10-cent denomination of the 1938 Presidential Series. The image of Tyler was modeled after a bust by John Keck on display in the Rotunda of the Virginia State Capitol.[9] This issue was the first US Postage stamp to honor John Tyler.[1] The Tyler postage issue of 1938 was used primarily in combination with other denominations. Examples of solo usage are most often found on outgoing international mail.[7]
  • The only other postage stamp honoring Tyler (to date) was issued in 1986, a 22-cent stamp in the AMERIPEX presidential issue, where each President up to and including Johnson appears on his own stamp.[1]

James K. Polk

Issue of 1938
Issue of 1995

James Knox Polk (November 2, 1795 – June 15, 1849) was the 11th President of the United States (1845–1849). Polk was born in North Carolina. He later lived in and became Governor of the state of Tennessee. A Democrat, Polk served as Speaker of the House (1835–1839) and Governor of Tennessee (1839–1841) before becoming president. Polk was an ardent supporter of Andrew Jackson. Polk was considered the last strong pre-Civil War president.

Zachary Taylor

Issue of 1875
Issue of 1938

Zachary Taylor (November 24, 1784 – July 9, 1850) was the 12th President of the United States and an American military leader. Taylor ran as a Whig in the 1848 presidential election, defeating Lewis Cass and becoming the first man elected to the Presidency without having held any previous elected office. He served in the US Army for over forty years and as 'Old Rough and Ready' had a reputation for never losing a battle. During the Mexican-American War (1846–1848) Taylor became a national hero, and with this fame he was elected to the presidency.

Millard Fillmore

Issue of 1938

Millard Fillmore (January 7, 1800 – March 8, 1874) was the 13th President of the United States, serving from 1850 until 1853. He became the second Vice President to assume the presidency after the death of a sitting president when he succeeded Zachary Taylor, who died in Office in July 1850. As such Fillmore was never actually elected president, and was the last member of the Whig Party to hold that office.

Franklin Pierce

Issue of 1938

Franklin Pierce (November 23, 1804 – October 8, 1869), an American politician and lawyer, was the 14th President of the United States, serving from 1853 to 1857, and is the only President from New Hampshire. Pierce enlisted in the volunteer U.S. Army during the Mexican-American War and rose to the rank of colonel. In March 1847, he was appointed brigadier general of volunteers and took command of a brigade of reinforcements for Winfield Scott's army marching on Mexico City.[41]

James Buchanan

Issue of 1938

James Buchanan, Jr. (April 23, 1791 – June 1, 1868) was the 15th President of the United States serving from 1857 until 1861 and the last President to be born in the 18th century. Buchanan served as a congressman (1821–1831), Senator (1834–1845), Minister to Russia (1832–1834) and Secretary of State (1845–1849) before ascending to the presidency in 1857. Opinions by historians of Buchanan's presidency vary, as some credit him for keeping a divided nation together for so long while others fault him for failing to avert a civil war. To date he is the only president from the state of Pennsylvania and the only one never to have married.

(Jefferson Davis)

The Postal Service issued a 20 stamp sheet of 32-cent Civil War stamps on June 29, 1995, in Gettysburg, Pennsylvania. Designed by Mark Hess of Katonah, New York, the stamps are the second installment of the Classic Collection. This issue depicts Confederate President Jefferson Davis. Text about Davis is on the back this issue. This is the only stamp depicting Davis and the only commemoration, and indeed positive acknowledgement, Davis has received from the US government.

Abraham Lincoln
Die proof of 1890 issue

Abraham Lincoln

Abraham Lincoln (February 12, 1809 – April 15, 1865) was the 16th President of the United States, serving from 1861 to 1865. He successfully led the United States through its Civil War, thus preserving the Union and bringing an end to slavery. Lincoln was the first Republican president, elected in 1860. Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation in 1863 and promoted the passage of the Thirteenth Amendment to the Constitution.
Second only to the number of times George Washington has been featured on the face U.S. Postage, Abraham Lincoln's appearances on U.S. Postage are more numerous than those of all the remaining presidents. His first appearance on U.S. Postage came on or near the one-year anniversary of his death.[1]
Issue of 1869
Issue of 1870
Issue of 1882
Issue of 1890
Issue of 1894
Issue of 1898
Issue of 1903
Issue of 1909
Issue of 1926
Issue of 1938
Issue of 1954
Airmail Issue of 1960
Issue of 1965

Lincoln on commemorative Issues

Chinese Resistance
Issue of 1942

Except for the memorial stamp of 1909, designed to simulate a definitive issue, Abraham Lincoln did not appear on a commemorative issue until the U.S. Post office issued the Chinese resistance issue in 1942.[22] The first president to appear on a US commemorative Postage stamp was Thomas Jefferson, displayed above.

  • On July 7, 1942, the U.S. Post Office issued a 5c postage stamp commemorating the fifth anniversary of Chinese resistance to Japanese oppression as a tribute to China and its struggle to preserve a free government. The design of this issue depicts a map of China with an image of the sun, national symbol of China, superimposed on the map. Portraits of Abraham Lincoln and Sun Yat-sen, first president of the Republic of China, are on either side of the stamp.
Gettysburg Address
Issue of 1948
  • On November 19, 1948, eighty-five years to the day after President Abraham Lincoln delivered his most famous speech, the US Post Office released the commemorative Gettysburg Address issue. Lincoln delivered the "Gettysburg Address" at the dedication of the Soldiers' National Cemetery in Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, on Thursday, November 19, 1863, four and a half months after Union armies defeated those of the Confederacy at the Battle of Gettysburg, the turn of the American Civil War.
Lincoln Sesquicentennial Issue

The US Post Office issued a series of four commemorative stamps during 1958 and 1959 in honor of the 150th anniversary of Abraham Lincoln's birth in 1809. The four stamps were modeled after various famous works of art.

The Young Abe Lincoln, Issue of 1959
Lincoln Douglas debates of 1858, Issue of 1958
Lincoln Memorial
Issue of 1959
Issue of 1959
Bust of Lincoln, 1909
by Gutzon Borglum
Used as model for engraving of 1959 issue.
Issue of 1984
Issue of 1995

Lincoln 200th Anniversary of birth commemorative issues
Issue of 2009

Andrew Johnson

Issue of 1938

Andrew Johnson (December 29, 1808 – July 31, 1875) was the 17th President of the United States serving from 1865–1869. As a Unionist, he was the only Southern senator who didn't give up his post upon secession. Johnson was the most prominent War Democrat from the South and supported Lincoln's military policies during the American Civil War of 1861–1865. Following the assassination of President Abraham Lincoln, Johnson presided over the Reconstruction era of the United States in the four years following the American Civil War.

Ulysses S. Grant

Ulysses S. Grant
Die proof of 1st Grant stamp

Ulysses S. Grant (April 27, 1822 – July 23, 1885) was the 18th President of the United States. A national hero of the American Civil War, Grant was elected president in 1868, the youngest man theretofore elected president. He was re-elected in 1872. Grant began his lifelong career as a soldier after graduating from the United States Military Academy in 1843. Fighting in the Mexican American War, he was a close observer of the techniques of Generals Zachary Taylor and Winfield Scott. During President Johnson's term Grant was appointed to be the Secretary of War.

Ulysses S. Grant died in 1885 and did not appear on US Postage until some five years later in 1890 when the American Bank Note Company first printed the postage stamps that depicted his portrait.[1] For a Civil War hero and a President this length of time was considerably longer than that of the first Abraham Lincoln issue of 1866, whose release was only one year after Lincoln's death in 1865.
The first Grant postage stamps
Engravings were modeled after a photograph by William Kurtz
Issue of 1890
Issue of 1894
Issue of 1898
Issue of 1903
Issue of 1923
Issue of 1938

Grant on commemorative issues

Army Issue of 1937
General Grant taken from Mathew Brady photo on Commemorative Issue of 1995

Ulysses S. Grant while appearing on a fair number of the regular (definitive) issues appears only three times on commemorative stamps.

Rutherford B. Hayes

Issue of 1922
Issue of 1938

Rutherford Birchard Hayes (October 4, 1822 – January 17, 1893) was the 19th President of the United States serving from March 4, 1877 to March 4, 1881. In the years before his presidency he was the Governor of Ohio for two separate terms. Serving in the Civil War as Brigadier General Hayes commanded the First Brigade of the Kanawha Division of the Army of West Virginia and turned back several Confederate advances. During his military service he was wounded on five separate incidents.

James Garfield

James Abram Garfield (November 19, 1831 – September 19, 1881) was the 20th President of the United States who had a distinguished military background. An assassin's bullet ended his life and presidency and cut his time in office after serving only 200 days.[50][51] Garfield served in the United States Army as a Major General, as a member of the U.S. House of Representatives,[52] and as a member of the highly controversial Electoral Commission of 1876. He was the second US President to be assassinated.[53] Garfield was the only sitting member of the House of Representatives to have been elected President.[54]

Garfield is one of the few presidents to appear on a postage stamp more than the usual one or two times. The first issue to honor him was released in 1882, printed by the American Bank Note Company. The 5-cent Garfield was the second US postage stamp to honor an assassinated president within the year following his death and is also considered a 'mourning stamp' by many. Unlike the first Lincoln issue, released after one whole year after his death the 5-cent Garfield stamp was released only seven months after his death in 1881. The 1882 issues were the first issues produced from engravings completed by the American Bank Note Company since it began producing postage stamps for the federal government. Before this time the A.B.N.C. used existing dies using slight changes to frames and portraits that were primarily the National Bank Note Company's design. The re-engraved issues of 1881–1882 are an example.[7]

James A. Garfield Memorial Issues
Issue of 1882
Issue of 1882
Reprinting of 1888

Issues depicting Garfield released on and after 1894 were printed by the Bureau of Engraving and Printing.[1]

Late 19th century Issues
Issue of 1890
Issue of 1895
Issue of 1898

The American Bank note issues of 1890 are almost identical to the Bureau Issues that followed in 1894, with minor differences in the frame design.

Early 20th century Issues
Issue of 1903
Issue of 1922
Issue of 1938

Chester A. Arthur

Issue of 1938

Chester Alan Arthur (October 5, 1829 – November 18, 1886) served as the 21st President of the United States. As a member of the Republican Party Arthur worked as a lawyer before becoming the 20th Vice President under James Garfield. On July 2, 1881, President Garfield was mortally wounded by Charles J. Guiteau, but Garfield did not die until September 19 of that year, at which time Arthur was sworn in as President, serving until March 4, 1885.

Grover Cleveland

Issue of 1923
Issue of 1938

Stephen Grover Cleveland (March 18, 1837 – June 24, 1908) was the 22nd and 24th President of the United States. Cleveland is the only president ever to have served two non-consecutive terms (1885–1889 and 1893–1897) as President and therefore is the only individual to be counted twice in the numbering of the presidents.

Benjamin Harrison

268
The 1st Harrison stamp
Issue of 1902

Benjamin Harrison (August 20, 1833 – March 13, 1901) was the 23rd President of the United States, serving one term from 1889 to 1893. Harrison was born in North Bend, Ohio, and at the age of 21 moved to Indianapolis, Indiana, where he became involved with Indiana state politics. During the American Civil War Harrison served as a Brigadier General in the Army of the Cumberland.

Under Benjamin Harrison and his Postmaster General John Wanamaker the nation's first commemorative stamps were made available and were first issued at the World Columbian Exposition in Chicago, Illinois, in 1893. Wanamaker originally introduced the idea of issuing the nation's first commemorative stamp to Harrison, the Congress and the U.S. Post Office. Contrary to the general opinion of Congress at the time Wanamaker predicted that commemorative stamps would generate needed revenue for the country. Shortly thereafter the nation's first commemoartive stamps were issued in conjunction with the World Columbian Exposition, both of which were in commemoration of the 400th anniversary of Columbus' discovery of America. To demonstrate his confidence in the new commemorative stamp issues Wanamaker purchased $10,000 worth of stamps with his own money. Harrison was also present at the World Columbian Exposition and ceremony and delivered a speech[56] where he said. "In the name of the Government and of the people of the United States, I do hereby invite all the nations of the earth to take part in the commemoration of an event that is pre-eminent in human history, and of lasting interest to mankind." The exposition lasted several months and by the time it was over more than $40 million had been generated in commemorative postage stamp sales alone.[56][57] From that point onward the US Post Office would issue commemorative postage on a regular basis. Harrison appears on four regular issues and on two commemorative issues.[1]

Issue of 1926
Issue of 1938
Issue of 1959

William McKinley

William McKinley Jr. (January 29, 1843 – September 14, 1901) was the 25th President of the United States, and the last veteran of the American Civil War to be elected to the office of the President. He was the last American president to serve in the 19th century and was the first President to serve in the 20th century. He spent much of his adult life in politics and was a six-term congressman, and was also the governor of Ohio before winning over William J. Bryan for two terms in the White House (1897–1901). McKinley was assassinated early in his second term while attending the Pan-American Exposition in Buffalo in 1901.

Issue of 1923
Issue of 1904
Issue of 1938

Theodore Roosevelt

Theodore Roosevelt (October 27, 1858 – January 6, 1919) was the 26th President of the United States. He served as President from September 14, 1901 – March 4, 1909. In 1901, President William McKinley was assassinated, and Roosevelt became president at the age of 42, taking office at the youngest age of any US President in history at that time. Roosevelt was a hero of the Spanish–American War and the Battle of San Juan Hill for which received the Medal of Honor and was the commander of the infamous Rough Riders. He negotiated an end to the Russo-Japanese War which later won him the Nobel Peace Prize.[60] Roosevelt was the first American to win the Nobel Peace Prize.

1st Roosevelt stamp
Issue of 1925
Issue of 1938
Issue of 1955
Issue of 1958

William Howard Taft

Issue of 1938
Issue of 1930

William Howard Taft (September 15, 1857 – March 8, 1930) was the 27th President of the United States and later the 10th Chief Justice of the United States. Taft is the only person to have served in both offices. Born in 1857 in Cincinnati, Ohio, into the powerful Taft family, Taft graduated from Yale College Phi Beta Kappa in 1878,[2] and from Cincinnati Law School in 1880.

Woodrow Wilson

The 1st Wilson stamp
Issue of 1925
Issue of 1938

Thomas Woodrow Wilson (December 28, 1856 – February 3, 1924) was the 28th President of the United States. First known by the slogan "he kept us out of the war", Wilson was finally pressured into asking Congress to declare war on Germany who was attacking all US vessels at high sea.

  • On August 29, 1938, the Post Office issued the 1 dollar presidential issue. The engraved image of Wilson was modeled after a medal struck by George Morgan of the US Mint.[9]
  • Wilson is honored on the AMERIPEX presidential series, issued in 1986.
  • On February 2, 1998, the USPS included a Woodrow Wilson stamp as part of its Celebrate the Century series.

Warren G. Harding

Warren G. Harding
Memorial Issue of 1923
---- Issued only one month after death on Sep 1, 1923 in Harding's hometown of Marion

Warren Gamaliel Harding (November 2, 1865 – August 2, 1923) was the 29th President of the United States, serving from 1921 until his sudden death from a heart attack in 1923. A Republican from Ohio, Harding was once an influential newspaper publisher at the Marion Daily Star in Ohio. He served in the Ohio Senate (1899–1903) and later as the 28th Lieutenant Governor of Ohio (1903–1905) and as a US Senator (1915–1921).

Issue of 1925
Issue of 1930
Issue of 1938

Calvin Coolidge

Issue of 1938

John Calvin Coolidge, Jr. (July 4, 1872 – January 5, 1933) from Plymouth, Vermont, was the 30th President of the United States serving from 1923 to 1929. Coolidge became president upon the death of Warren G. Harding. On February 22, 1924, he became the first President of the United States to deliver a political speech on radio, and his 1925 inauguration was the first to be broadcast on radio.[64] Known as "silent Cal" for being a man of few words in private while known for being an excellent orator at the pulpit.

Up through Coolidge, every president (with the two exceptions of Monroe and McKinley) had made his first appearance on U.S. Postage in a definitive series, only later being honored by a commemorative stamp. With subsequent presidents, the reverse is true: all have made their first appearances on commemoratives.

Herbert Hoover

Issue of 1965

Herbert Clark Hoover (August 10, 1874 – October 20, 1964) was the 31st President of the United States serving from 1929 to 1933. Hoover was a professional mining engineer and author. A son of a Quaker blacksmith, Hoover brought to the Presidency a reputation for public service as a humanitarian.[65] After World War I, Hoover had massive shipments of food sent to feed starving millions in central Europe. He also provided much needed aid to Soviet Russia in 1921 which was then plagued with famine.

In spite of Hoover's many humanitarian efforts, as a president, he is ranked less than favorably among many historians for his failure to bring the country out of the great depression that beset the country in 1929, the year Hoover assumed office. Hoover has never appeared on a U.S. definitive stamp.

Franklin D. Roosevelt

Franklin Delano Roosevelt (January 30, 1882 – April 12, 1945) was the 32nd President of the United States and a leading figure in world events during the mid-20th century, leading the United States during a time of worldwide economic crisis and world war. FD Roosevelt was the only American president elected President for more than two terms. He forged a durable coalition that realigned American politics for decades. In his first "Hundred Days" in office, beginning March 4, 1933, Roosevelt launched a variety of major social programs. In his first term (1933–36), FDR led Congress to enact the New Deal, a large, complex interlocking set of programs designed to produce social and economic relief.

Only two months after Roosevelt's death the US Post Office issued a series of four commemorative (or memorial) Postage stamps in honor and memory of the deceased President.

FDR Memorial issues of 1945


Issue of 1966
Issue of 1982

Harry S. Truman

Issue of 1973

Harry S. Truman (May 8, 1884 – December 26, 1972) was the 33rd President of the United States serving from 1945 to 1953. As President Franklin D. Roosevelt's third vice-president and the 34th Vice President of the United States, he succeeded to the presidency on April 12, 1945, when President Roosevelt died less than three months after beginning his historic fourth term. Truman began his political career in politics as a county judge in 1922. He was Franklin D. Roosevelt's running mate in 1944.

Dwight D. Eisenhower

Dwight David Eisenhower (October 14, 1890 – March 28, 1969) was a five-star general in the United States Army and the 34th President of the United States, serving from 1953 until 1961. During World War II, he served as Supreme Commander of the Allied forces in Europe and planned the successful invasion of France and Germany in 1944–45, from the Western Front. In 1951, he became the first supreme commander of NATO.

Issue of 1969
Issue of 1970
Issue of 1971
Issue of 1971

John F. Kennedy

John Fitzgerald Kennedy was the 35th President of the United States, serving from 1961 until his assassination in 1963 on November 22. Few American Presidents have quotes that are remembered long after their deaths, and Kennedy was among those few for saying to the nation, "Ask not what your country can do for you; ask what you can do for your country." He was the second-youngest President (after Theodore Roosevelt). Kennedy was faced with a number of important events during his term as President which include the Cuban Missile Crisis, the Bay of Pigs Invasion, the Space Race and the Berlin Wall crisis. Kennedy appears on three postage issues, two of them commemoratives (1964 and 1986), the other a regular issue of 1967.

Issue of 1964
Issue of 1967

Lyndon B. Johnson

Issue of 1973

Lyndon B. Johnson (August 27, 1908 – January 22, 1973), served as vice-president during the Kennedy administration. When Kennedy was assassinated in Dallas, Texas, on November 22, 1963, Johnson assumed the presidency. He won re-election in 1964 with 61 percent of the vote and served until January 20, 1969.

  • On August 27, 1973, the US Post Office issued the 8-cent Lyndon B. Johnson memorial postage stamp, first placed on sale at the Post Office in Austin, Texas, The stamp was designed by Bradbury Thompson.
  • Johnson's last appearance (to date) on a US Postage stamp occurred in 1986 where he is honored on one of a series of stamps called the AMERIPEX issues of 1986. The Post Office declined to commemorate his centennial in 2008.

Richard M. Nixon

Issue of 1995

Richard Milhous Nixon, (January 9, 1913 – April 22, 1994) was the thirty-seventh president of the United States. Nixon's political career started as a California congressman. He was Dwight D. Eisenhower's vice president for two terms and was defeated in 1960 by John F. Kennedy for the presidential election. In 1968, Nixon won the presidency and was overwhelmingly re-elected in 1972. Nixon was the only person to be elected twice to both the Presidency and the Vice Presidency. He was also the only US President to resign the office. Nixon was instrumental in ending U.S. involvement in the Vietnam War and establishing U.S. relations with communist China.

Gerald Ford

Issue of 2007

Gerald Rudolph Ford, Jr. (born Leslie Lynch King, Jr.; July 14, 1913 – December 26, 2006) was the 38th President of the United States, serving from 1974 to 1977, and the 40th Vice President of the United States serving from 1973 to 1974. Ford was the first person appointed to the vice-presidency under the terms of the 25th Amendment, filling the vacancy left by Spiro Agnew. He became President upon Richard Nixon's resignation on August 9, 1974.

  • Gerald Ford Memorial Commemorative issued August 31, 2007.

Ronald Reagan

Issue of 2005
Issue of 2011

Ronald Wilson Reagan (February 6, 1911 – June 5, 2004) was the 40th President of the United States and served two terms from 1981 to 1989, and the 33rd Governor of California (1967–1975). Born in Tampico, Illinois.

AMERIPEX issues of 1986

AMERIPEX issues of 1986
On May 22, 1986, the US Post Office released a series of postage stamps with a portrait of a past US President inscribed upon each one. The series of 36 stamps were issued in four separate mini-sheets, with nine stamps to the sheet, each stamp having a denomination of 22 cents. Several of the issues honor presidents who had never appeared on a US commemorative stamp before. On 'sheet IV' the stamp in the middle depicts the White House entrance.[1]

See also

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 Jones, William A. (2010). Kloetzel, James E., ed. Scott Specialized Catalogue of United States Stamps and Covers. Scott Publishing Company. ISBN 978-0-89487-446-8.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Kenmore Collectors Catalogue, #906, 2010
  3. ↑ References are made to U.S. Post Office for history prior to 1971
  4. ↑ "The U.S. Philatelic Classics Society". Uspcs.org. Retrieved 2010-10-06.
  5. ↑ Alexander T. Haimann, National Postal Museum (2006-05-16). "The 1869 issues, National Postal Museum". Arago.si.edu. Retrieved 2010-10-06.
  6. 1 2 3 1847USA
  7. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 Smithsonian National Postal Museum
  8. ↑ Scotts United States Stamp Catalogue: Domestic Letter rates
  9. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 Scotts Identifier of U.S. Definitive Issues
  10. 1 2 "White House, Washington D.C., Presidential Archives". Whitehouse.gov. October 1, 2010. Retrieved October 6, 2010.
  11. ↑ "George Washington". Library of Congress. Retrieved June 17, 2010.
  12. ↑ This is Stuart's most famous and celebrated portrayal of Washington, known as 'The Athenaeum', which, was used to model the engravings on the U.S. one dollar bill and various postage stamps of the 19th and 20th centuries.
  13. ↑ Gilbert Stuart Birthplace and Museum Gilbert Stuart Biography
  14. ↑ Alexander T. Haimann (May 22, 2006). "Smithsonian National Postal Museum, 1861 Issues". Arago.si.edu. Retrieved October 6, 2010.
  15. ↑ John Birkinbine (May 22, 2006). "Smithsonian, Washington issue of 1861". Arago.si.edu. Retrieved October 6, 2010.
  16. ↑ , 1862 issues, National Postal Museum
  17. ↑ Steven R. Boyd. "Post Civil War Nationalism and the Designs of United States Stamps in the Nineteenth Century". Smithsonian National Postal Museum. Retrieved December 18, 2010.
  18. ↑ "Mount Vernon Estate : archives". Mountvernon.org. Retrieved October 6, 2010.
  19. ↑ "American Philatelic Society". Stamps.org. Retrieved October 6, 2010.
  20. 1 2 3 Washington Franklins 1908–1921, 1979 by Martin Armstrong
  21. ↑ Scotts Specialized Catalogue of United States Stamps, Washington – Franklin Issues
  22. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Scotts Specialized Catalogue of United States Stamps: Commemorative Index
  23. ↑ Washington Bicentenial, Smithsonian National Postal Museum
  24. 1 2 King, Beverly; Johl, Max (1934). The United States Postage Stamps of the Twentieth Century, Volume III. H. L. Lindquist., a) p. 159, b) p. 71-72.
  25. ↑ http://arago.si.edu/index.asp?con=1&cmd=1&tid=2041084
  26. ↑ Mount Vernon Estate & Gardens
  27. ↑ USPS Postal Bulletin (April 10, 2008)
  28. ↑ "George Washington 1982 Issue". Smithsonian National Postal Museum. Retrieved February 11, 2011.
  29. ↑ "United States Senate : Art and History". Senate.gov. March 26, 2009. Retrieved October 6, 2010.
  30. ↑ "Museum Syndicate". Museum Syndicate. Retrieved October 6, 2010.
  31. ↑ Roger S. Brody. "Smithsonium Postal Museum / James Madison". Arago.si.edu. Retrieved October 6, 2010.
  32. ↑ Jeff Shapiro. "Smithsonium, James Madison, 1938 issue". Arago.si.edu. Retrieved October 6, 2010.
  33. ↑ "10-cent Monroe". Smithsonian National Postal Museum. Retrieved March 27, 2011.
  34. ↑ Reilly, Robin (1974). The British at the gates – the New Orleans campaign in the War of 1812. New York: Putnam.
  35. ↑ NARA.gov, Martin Van Buren
  36. 1 2 White House Archives
  37. ↑ He served as President for 30 days, 12 hours and 32 minutes, but this was spread over 32 different calendar days; part of a day upon inauguration, 30 full days, then part of the day on which he died.
  38. ↑ Calhoun 2005, pp. 43–49
  39. ↑ 1847 U.S.A., Postage Stamps of the United States First Issued in 1938
  40. ↑ Trend can be noted with the aid of any illustrated US postage stamp catalog.
  41. ↑ Nathaniel Hawthorne, 1804–1864 (2010). "The Life of Franklin Pierce, 1852, Chapter 4". Eldritch Press. Retrieved October 3, 2010.
  42. 1 2 Four souvenir miniature stamp sheets, with nine 22-cent stamps each, honoring deceased US presidents were first issued on May 22, 1986, during AMERIPEX '86, the international philatelic show held in Rosemont, Illinois.
  43. ↑ King, Beverly; Johl, Max (1937). The United States Postage Stamps of the Twentieth Century, Volume I. H. L. Lindquist., p. 312.
  44. ↑ "4-cent Lincoln". Smithsonian National Postal Museum. Retrieved Sep 12, 2013.
  45. ↑ Scotts Specialized Catalogue of United States Stamps – Air Post Stamps
  46. ↑ "National Postal Museum". Arago.si.edu. Retrieved October 6, 2010.
  47. ↑ Grant, National Postal Museum
  48. ↑ "Ulysses S. Grant". Smithsonian Institution. Retrieved January 13, 2011.
  49. ↑ "American Civil War Issue". Smithsonian National Postal Museum. Retrieved January 13, 2011.
  50. ↑ James Abram Garfield at Find A Grave
  51. ↑ "James Garfield – Army General and President". Flipkart.com. Retrieved October 6, 2010.
  52. ↑ "White House Archives: James Garfield". Whitehouse.gov. October 1, 2010. Retrieved October 6, 2010.
  53. ↑ "America's second President to be Assassinated. James Garfield". Thelongestlistofthelongeststuffatthelongestdomainnameatlonglast.com. Retrieved October 6, 2010.
  54. ↑ "ohiohistorycentral.org". ohiohistorycentral.org. July 1, 2005. Retrieved October 6, 2010.
  55. ↑ "U.S. Senate Archives: Art and History". Senate.gov. March 26, 2009. Retrieved October 6, 2010.
  56. 1 2 "Columbian Exposition Issues (1893)". Smithsonian National Postal Museum. Retrieved January 19, 2011.
  57. ↑ "JOHN WANAMAKER, Postmaster General". United States Postal Service. Retrieved January 19, 2011.
  58. ↑ Benjamin Harrison at the Smithsonian national Postal Museum
  59. ↑ Delta Chi – The Delta Chi Fraternity at Coastal Carolina University
  60. ↑ Frederick W. Marks III, Velvet on Iron: The Diplomacy of Theodore Roosevelt (1979); Greg Russell, "Theodore Roosevelt's Diplomacy and the Quest for Great Power Equilibrium in Asia," Presidential Studies Quarterly 2008 38(3): 433–455
  61. ↑ Scotts U.S. Stamp Catalogue, Canal Zone Postage
  62. ↑ Harris & Ewing was a photographic service company founded in 1905 by George W. Harris (1872–1964) and Martha Ewing to give Washington DC a studio of photography worthy of being of service to national and worldly dignitaries for producing official and civic portraits and for photojournalism. Dr. David S. Shields
  63. ↑ Scotts Specialized Catalogue of United States Stamps: Quantities issued
  64. ↑ "Calvin Coolidge, the first President to do a radio address 2-22-1924". Old Radio Shows.org. February 22, 2008. Retrieved November 5, 2009.
  65. ↑ White House Archives
  66. ↑ U.S. Postal Service Reissues President Ronald Reagan Stamp in 39 Cent Denomination
  67. ↑ "Postage stamp to honor Reagan". The Washington Times. December 13, 2010. Retrieved January 2, 2011.

Bibliography

External links

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