Vandetanib
 | |
| Systematic (IUPAC) name | |
|---|---|
|
N-(4-bromo-2-fluorophenyl)-6-methoxy-7-[(1-methylpiperidin-4-yl)methoxy]quinazolin-4-amine | |
| Clinical data | |
| Trade names | Caprelsa |
| AHFS/Drugs.com | Consumer Drug Information |
| MedlinePlus | a611037 |
| License data |
|
| Pregnancy category | |
| Routes of administration | Oral |
| Legal status | |
| Legal status | |
| Pharmacokinetic data | |
| Protein binding | 90–96% |
| Metabolism | CYP3A4, FMO1, FMO3 |
| Biological half-life | 19 days (mean)[1] |
| Excretion | 44% faeces, 25% urine |
| Identifiers | |
| CAS Number |
443913-73-3  |
| ATC code | L01XE12 (WHO) |
| PubChem | CID 3081361 |
| IUPHAR/BPS | 5717 |
| DrugBank |
DB08764  |
| ChemSpider |
2338979 |
| UNII |
YO460OQ37K |
| ChEBI |
CHEBI:49960 |
| ChEMBL |
CHEMBL24828 |
| Synonyms | ZD6474 |
| Chemical data | |
| Formula | C22H24BrFN4O2 |
| Molar mass | 475.354 g/mol |
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Vandetanib (INN, trade name Caprelsa) is an anti-cancer drug that is used for the treatment of certain tumours of the thyroid gland. It acts as a kinase inhibitor of a number of cell receptors, mainly the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR), the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), and the RET-tyrosine kinase.[2][3] The drug was developed by AstraZeneca.
Approvals and indications
Vandetanib was the first drug to be approved by FDA (April 2011) for treatment of late-stage (metastatic) medullary thyroid cancer in adult patients who are ineligible for surgery.[4] Vandetanib was first initially marketed without a trade name,[5] and is being marketed under the trade name Caprelsa since August 2011.[6]
Contraindications
In patients with moderate and severe hepatic impairment, no dosage for vandetanib has been recommended, as its safety and efficacy has not been established yet.[7] Vandetanib is contraindicated in patients with congenital long QT syndrome.[3][8]
Adverse effects
Common side effects include abdominal pain and diarrhoea, rashes, prolonged QT interval, hypertension, headache, and fatigue.[3][8]
Interactions
Vandetanib has been reported as a substrate for the OATP-1B1 and OATP-1B3 transporter. Interaction of vandetanib with OATP-1B1 and OATP-1B3 may alter its hepatic disposition and can lead to transporter mediated drug-drug interactions.[7] Also, vandetanib is an inhibitor of OATP-1B3 transporter but not for OATP-1B1.[9]
Other drugs that prolong the QT interval can possibly add to this side effect of vandetanib. As the drug is partly metabolised via the liver enzyme CYP3A4, strong inducers of this enzyme can decrease its blood plasma concentrations. CYP3A4 inhibitors do not significantly increase vandetanib concentrations, presumably because it is also metabolised by flavin containing monooxygenase 1 (FMO1) and 3.[3][8]
Pharmacokinetics
Vandetanib is well absorbed from the gut, reaches peak blood plasma concentrations 4 to 10 hours after application, and has a half-life of 19 days days on average, per pharmacokinetic studies. It has to be taken for about three months to achieve a steady-state concentration. In the blood, it is almost completely (90–96%) bound to plasma proteins such as albumin. It is metabolised to N-desmethylvandetanib via CYP3A4 and to vandetanib-N-oxide via FMO1 and 3. Both of these are active metabolites. Vandetanib is excreted via the faeces (44%) and the urine (25%) in form of the unchanged drug and the metabolites.[3][10][11]
Clinical trials
Non-small cell lung cancer
The drug underwent clinical trials as a potential targeted treatment for non-small-cell lung cancer. There have been some promising results from a phase III trial with docetaxel.[12] There have also been ambivalent results when used with pemetrexed.[13] Another trial with docetaxel was recruiting in July 2009.[14]
AstraZeneca withdrew EU regulatory submissions for vandetanib (under the proposed trade name Zactima) in October 2009 after trials showed no benefit when the drug was administered alongside chemotherapy.[15]
References
- ↑ FDA Professional Drug Information for vandetanib
- ↑ "Definition of vandetanib". NCI Drug Dictionary. National Cancer Institute.
- 1 2 3 4 5 "Vandetanib Monograph". Drugs.com. Retrieved 29 August 2012.
- ↑ "FDA approves new treatment for rare form of thyroid cancer". Retrieved 7 April 2011.
- ↑ "FDA approves orphan drug vandetanib for advanced medullary thyroid cancer" (Press release). AstraZeneca. Retrieved 2011-08-17.
- ↑ "AstraZeneca announces trade name CAPRELSA® for vandetanib" (Press release). AstraZeneca. Retrieved 2011-08-17.
- 1 2 Khurana V, Minocha M, Pal D, Mitra AK (March 2014). "Role of OATP-1B1 and/or OATP-1B3 in hepatic disposition of tyrosine kinase inhibitors.". Drug Metabol Drug Interact. 0 (0): 1–11. doi:10.1515/dmdi-2013-0062. PMID 24643910.
- 1 2 3 Haberfeld, H, ed. (2012). Austria-Codex (in German). Vienna: Österreichischer Apothekerverlag.
- ↑ Khurana V, Minocha M, Pal D, Mitra AK (May 2014). "Inhibition of OATP-1B1 and OATP-1B3 by tyrosine kinase inhibitors.". Drug Metabol Drug Interact. 0 (0): 1–11. doi:10.1515/dmdi-2014-0014. PMID 24807167.
- ↑ Martin, P.; Oliver, S.; Kennedy, S. J.; Partridge, E.; Hutchison, M.; Clarke, D.; Giles, P. (2012). "Pharmacokinetics of Vandetanib: Three Phase I Studies in Healthy Subjects". Clinical Therapeutics 34 (1): 221–237. doi:10.1016/j.clinthera.2011.11.011. PMID 22206795.
- 1 2 "Clinical Pharmacology Review: Vandetanib" (PDF). US Food and Drug Administration, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research. 20 August 2010. Retrieved 29 August 2012.
- ↑ "Vandetanib Shows Clinical Benefit When Combined With Docetaxel For Lung Cancer". ScienceDaily. 3 June 2009.
- ↑ "IASLC: Vandetanib Fails to Improve NSCLC Outcomes with Pemetrexed". Medpage today. 5 Aug 2009.
- ↑ Clinical trial number NCT00687297 for "Study of Vandetanib Combined With Chemotherapy to Treat Advanced Non-small Cell Lung Cancer" at ClinicalTrials.gov
- ↑ "Zactima". European Medicines Agency.
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