Yamaha XS 650
 Yamaha XS650 | |
| Manufacturer | Yamaha Motor Company |
|---|---|
| Also called | XS-1, XS-2 |
| Parent company | Yamaha Corporation |
| Production | 1968–1985 |
| Class | Standard |
| Engine | 654 cc (39.9 cu in), 4-stroke, parallel twin, air-cooled, SOHC, 2 valves per cylinder |
| Compression ratio | 8.4:1 |
| Power | 50 bhp (37 kW) @ 7200 rpm (XS-F) |
| Torque | 54 Nm @ 6800 rpm (XS-F) |
| Ignition type |
Contact point-pre 1980 TCI-post 1980 |
| Transmission | 5-Speed, manual |
| Frame type | tubular steel |
| Suspension |
Front: telescopic Rear: swinging fork |
| Brakes |
Front: Single disc (earlier models); twin disc (later models) Rear: drum |
| Tires |
Front: 3.50-19 Rear 4.00-18 |
| Weight |
450 lb (200 kg) (dry) |
| Fuel capacity | 3 US gal (11 L; 2 imp gal) or 4 US gal (15 L; 3 imp gal) |
The Yamaha XS650 is a mid-size motorcycle made by Yamaha Motor Company. The standard model was introduced in 1968 and produced through 1979. The "Special" cruiser model was introduced in 1978 and produced through 1985. The XS650 began with the 1955 Hosk SOHC 500 twin. After about 10 years of producing 500 twin, Hosk engineers designed a 650 cc twin. Later the Hosk company was acquired by Showa Corporation, and in 1960 Yamaha had bought Showa with Hosk's early design of 650 cc twin.[1]
When the Yamaha XS 650 was launched in 1968 it had one of the most advanced engines in its class of large parallel twin motorcycles. The engine and gearbox are unit construction with the crankcase split horizontally for ease of assembly whereas almost all contemporaries in its class in 1968 are either unit construction with a vertically split crankcase or pre-unit construction with separate engine and gearbox. The XS650's engine was used in AMA Professional Dirt Track Racing by national champion Kenny Roberts. In 1968 only the Laverda 750S, and the Honda CB350, also launched that year, matched the XS 650's modernity of unit construction and SOHC valve operation.
Model history
The 1970 model was designated the XS-1.[2] Subsequent Yamaha Xs650 models[3] were XS-1B (1971), XS-2 (1972), then TX (1973), TX-A (1974), XS-B (1975), XS-C (1976), XS-D (1977), XS-E (1978), XS-F (1979). 1979 was the last year of the so-called "Standards" (an unofficial term commonly used to differentate it from the "Special," which has pullback bars, a teardrop tank, and other differences in appearance). The Es and Fs also came in Special form: XS-SE (S for Special) and XS-SF. From then on they were Specials only to XS-SG, XS-SH, XS-SJ, XS-SK. There was a Special II (Two) model designation in 1979 (XS-SF-II), 1980 (XS-G), 1981 (XS-H) which were models with fewer chrome parts and drum rear brake (1979, 1980) or wire wheels (1981) versus disc rear brake or cast wheels.
The first two model years (XS-1 and XS-1B) were kick start only, with an electric starter added from the 1972 model year on. This had a compression release added to the front left exhaust tappet cover resulting in a square versus triangular cover found on the other exhaust and intake covers. Upon removal of the compression release mechanism in 1974 due to uprated starter, the square cover at the left exhaust valve was continued.
Brake modification notes:
- Drum fronts on early models cannot be changed.
- Pre '77 & post '77 fronts have different (offset) brake discs, the wheels swap but not the discs.
- Drum rear wheel into rear disc frame needs the rear drum frame swingarm too.
- Disk rear wheel into rear drum frame needs the rear disc frame swingarm and also needs brake master-cylinder lugs welded to the frame.
Handling differences on swapping rear wheels:-
- Standard rear tire is 110/90-18. Special rear tire is 130/90-16. Because the Standard tire is narrower it will tend to steer a bit more quickly. Because the Special tire is wider it will tend to be a bit steadier in a straight line. Overall gearing is not changed from the Standard, as the two tires are essentially the same outside diameter.
Prior to the XS-B model, the bike had a reputation for speed wobbles but adjustments to the 1975 setup overcame these.
1976 models had the front brake caliper moved to the right fork leg, behind the fork as opposed to in front of the fork. This placed the brake caliper nearer the steering pivot center-line, requiring slightly less effort to steer.
Mid-'77 the front forks had a major redesign, fork tube diameter increased from 34 to 35 mm (1.4 in) and internals were changed (although this also holds true for various years of the same tube size). The entire fork assembly (with triple tree) will swap either way but fork parts are not equivalent. Also the brake caliper changed from a 48 mm (1.9 in) dual piston cast iron design for the 34 mm (1.3 in) fork to a 40 mm (1.6 in) aluminum single piston floating caliper for the 35 mm (1.4 in) forks. The brake caliper mounting lugs on the fork sliders are of different spacing for the 34 mm (1.3 in) and 35 mm (1.4 in) forks so the calipers can't be swapped.
End of production
The XS 650 was produced until 1985. The last model year was 1983 in the United States, with Canada, Europe and other markets continuing into 1984 and 1985. However, many US models remained unsold for some years due to overproduction and an economic recession and brand new 1982 and 1983 models could still be purchased in 1987 at some dealerships.
Design
Engine
Like its contemporaries in its class the XS 650 has a 360° crank angle. This provides an even firing interval between the two cylinders, but also generates some vibration caused by the two pistons rising and falling together. This vibration is particularly noticeable at idle.
The XS 650s valves are operated by a single overhead camshaft (SOHC) whereas almost all contemporaries in its class have pushrod valvegear .
The 360 degrees crankshaft uses three roller bearings and a ball bearing. The camshaft uses four ball bearings, and rolling bearings are used throughout the rest of the engine. Connecting rods turn on needle bearings. Since the engine is SOHC, there are no pushrods to operate the valves. The camshaft gets its drive from a single-row chain running from the center of the crankshaft. Chain tension is maintained by a spring-loaded guide, which also takes up unnecessary slack. The intake valve opens 47 degrees BTC, closes 67 degrees ATC, yielding intake duration of 294 degrees, exhaust duration on 281 degrees, and an overlap of 88 degrees. Because the flywheel is lighter than British contemporaries, the engine tends to pick up revs more rapidly when the throttle is opened quickly.
During the later developments of the engine compression ratios were lowered, then raised. Pistons were lightened 20 percent along with connecting rods to reduce the reciprocating mass inside the engine. Aluminum pistons are slightly domed with valve pockets. Pistons have three rings installed, two compression and one oil control ring.
Horizontal split of the crankcases offers the advantages of oil tightness through the elimination of vertical joints and one-step access to both the lower end and the gearbox. Oil pressure is provided by the trochoidal pump, driven by a steel spur gear off the crankshaft. The main bearings, crank pins, transmission main shaft, clutch bushing, shifter fork guide bar, and rocker arms are lubricated by pressurized oil, whereas the rest of the engine is lubricated by “oil splash.”[4][5]
Carburation
Pre-1980 models use the twin 38 mm (1.5 in) constant velocity Mikuni carburetors that can be tuned by moving the needle clip position, or by replacing jets. In the carburetors the velocity of the fuel mixture through the venturi, regulated by the opening of the butterfly valves and engine speed, causes a pressure difference between the top and the bottom of the carburetor pistons. This pressure difference raises and lowers the carburetor slides, increasing or decreasing engine output accordingly.
Post-1979 models use smaller 34 mm (1.3 in) Mikuni CV carbs with needles that seem to be listed in parts menus as being 'fixed' position,(in other words a needle that may only have one clip position). The pilot and main jets can be changed for different sizes. If the 34 mm (1.3 in) CV carb needles only have one fixed clip position.
Ignition
The models up to 1979 use points ignition. Two sets of points are located on the upper left of the cylinder head. On the right side cylinder head, an advance mechanism is located. An advance mechanism is used to retard the timing for easy starting and smooth idle. Post-1979 models use electronic ignition systems.
Performance
Cycle World tested the XS650 in March 1979.[6] It ran the standing-start quarter mile 13.86 seconds with a terminal speed of 96.05 mph (154.58 km/h). The motorcycle's average fuel economy was 51.4 miles per US gallon (4.58 L/100 km; 61.7 mpg-imp)[7]
See also
- Yamaha XS750 Triple Special
- Kawasaki KZ650
- Honda CB650
References
- ↑ "Yamaha XS 650". Classic Japanese Bikes. Retrieved 2012-04-16.
- ↑ Ric Anderson (Premier Issue). "Yamaha XS650". Motorcycle Classics. Retrieved 2009-08-24. Check date values in:
|date=(help) - ↑ Yamaha Xs650 model ID table, Code, Serial Number, Year, Color(s) - Xs650chopper - Retrieved 2013-07-24
- ↑ "Yamaha Xs". Biker.net. 2006-01-24. Retrieved 2011-03-20.
- ↑ "XS650B road test". Biker.net. 2006-01-24. Retrieved 2011-03-20.
- ↑ This article originally appeared in "Cycle World" magazine March, 1979
- ↑ "YAMAHA XS650F The World's Best Large Vertical Twin Remains a Modern Alternative". Cycle World. March 1979.
External links
Media related to Yamaha XS 650 at Wikimedia Commons
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