Yamaha YA-1

1955 Yamaha YA-1

Yamaha YA-1 on display at Yamaha Communication Plaza in Iwata, Shizuoka, Japan
Manufacturer	Nippon Gakki Co., Ltd.[1]
Also called	Yamaha 125 [1]
Production	1955—1958 [2]
Assembly	Hamakita, Shizuoka, Japan [3]
Predecessor	DKW RT125 [4]
Successor	Yamaha YC-1 [1]
Class	On-road sports bike [1]
Engine	123 cm^3 (7.5 cu in) 2-stroke, air-cooled, single-cylinder [1]
Bore / stroke	52 mm × 58 mm (2.0 in × 2.3 in) [1]
Power	4.1 kW (5.5 hp) at 5000 rpm [2]
Torque	9.4 N·m (6.9 lbf·ft) at 3300 rpm [2]
Ignition type	Dynamo [1]
Transmission	Manual 4-speed [1]
Suspension	F: Coil spring, R: Coil spring [1]
Tires	F: 2.75-19-2P, R: 2.75-19-4P [1]
Wheelbase	1,290 mm (51 in) [1]
Dimensions	L: 1,980 mm (78 in) W: 660 mm (26 in) H: 925 mm (36.4 in) [1]
Weight	94 kg (207 lb) [2] (dry)
Fuel capacity	9.5 L (2.1 imp gal; 2.5 US gal) [1]

The Yamaha YA-1 is the first motorcycle produced by the Yamaha Motor Company. It was made from 1955 to 1958.^[5] This was also the first vehicle in Japan to have a primary kick start system (allowing the engine to be started with the transmission in gear). The Society of Automotive Engineers of Japan (Japanese), includes the 1955 Yamaha 125YA-1 as one of their 240 Landmarks of Japanese Automotive Technology.^[1]

Background

Yamaha YA-1 at the Tokyo Motor Show in 2005

In the early '50s, Yamaha had to replace the factories for the production of musical instruments, which were severely damaged during the war. Yamaha was also facing the industrial conversion of factory machine tools that had been used during the war for the production of fuel tanks, wing parts and propellers for aircraft of the Imperial Japanese Navy, such as the Mitsubishi A6M Zero fighter.^[6][7]

As in European countries, the motorcycle had become a widespread means of transportation in Japan after World War II due to ease of production and economy of purchase and use. Japanese motorcycle production increased from 10,000 units in 1950 to 750,000 in 1954, with over 100 domestic manufacturers.

Due to the strong expansion of the market, Yamaha Motor Co. decided to convert to the production of motorcycles, and found in the beginning the need to grapple with high specifications, for customers with elite, rather narrow needs, especially in view of the reduced number of production potential.

The Red Dragonfly

In January 1955, Nippon Gakki's Hamana Factory in Hamakita was ready to begin production of the YA-1, and the first bikes were delivered to dealers in February.^[8] This new motorcycle had been heavily influenced by the contemporary DKW model RT125, and like the DKW was driven by a 125 cc two-stroke, single cylinder engine, but the YA-1 designers paid particular attention to materials, assembly, and engineering upgrades, such as going from a three-speed to a four-speed transmission. With confidence in the new direction that Genichi Kawakami was taking, Nippon Gakki founded Yamaha Motor Co., Ltd. on July 1, 1955 and made Kawakami the new company's first president. Staffed by 275 employees, the new motorcycle manufacturer built about 200 units per month by the end of 1955.^[4][6][9]

That same year, Yamaha entered its new YA-1 in the two biggest race events in Japan. They were the 3rd Mt. Fuji Ascent Race held in July 1955, and the 1st Asama Highlands Race in November. In these debut races, Yamaha won the 125 cc class.^[10][11]

The following year, the YA-1 won again in both the Light and Ultra-light classes of the Asama Highlands Race. The YA-1 soon established a reputation as a high-quality and reliable machine, which Japanese enthusiasts affectionately nicknamed the Aka-tombo (赤トンボ^?, "Red Dragonfly") for its slender shape and elegant chestnut red finish. Outstanding race performance had made the YA-1 much more desirable, in spite of its price of ¥138,000 in 1955 (for comparison, a male college graduate's starting salary was ¥10,780 on average).^[2][9]

Thanks to the popularity of the YA-1, a YB-1 model with a 4 cc larger displacement (allowing the engine to run slower) was produced later in 1955.^[12] A genuine successor to the YA-1, the 175 cc YC-1 was being produced by April 1956.^[3]

Primary starting system

The YA-1 was the first Japanese motorcycle to take advantage of a primary starting mechanism.^[1]

Previously, motorcycles with a non-primary starting system used the transmission input shaft and clutch hub to connect the kick-start lever to crankshaft.^[13] It was thus necessary for the rider to first put the transmission into neutral, and then to engage the clutch before the starting the engine by pushing down on the kick-start lever. With its primary starting system, the YA-1 engine is equipped with a mechanism in which the primary driven gear is turned by means of a kick idling gear and kick pinion. This enables the rider to simply pull the clutch lever on the handlebar (i.e., disengage the clutch) and then to kick-start engine, regardless of whether the transmission is in neutral or in (any) gear. This mechanism is now the established kick start system for motorcycles worldwide.^[1]

Yamaha Y125 Moegi concept bike

Yamaha Y125 Moegi concept bike at the 2011 Tokyo Motor Show

The 2011 Tokyo Motor Show included a retrofuturistic concept motorcycle from Yamaha, designed along the lines of the 1955 YA-1.^[14] The Y125 Moegi is powered by an air-cooled 125cc single-cylinder engine (although this new engine is an SOHC four-stroke) sitting in an aluminum frame for a claimed weight of just 80 kilograms (180 pounds), which makes the Moegi (萌黄^?, "Light Green") significantly lighter than the YA-1 was. The Moegi uses a low-maintenance belt final drive and rides on 20-inch wheels.^[15][16]

The modified engine is based on the power plant of the YBR125 and Yamaha claims a phenomenal fuel consumption of 80 km/L (230 mpg_-imp; 190 mpg_-US) for the Y125 Moegi, making it extremely efficient personal transportation in urban environments.^[17][18]

References

1. "Yamaha 125YA-1". 240 Landmarks of Japanese Automotive Technology. Society of Automotive Engineers of Japan, Inc. Retrieved 12 August 2013. This model was Yamaha's first motorcycle and the starting point for Yamaha Motor Co. Ltd.
2. "1955 YA-1". Communication Plaza Collection. Yamaha Motor Co., Ltd. Retrieved 17 August 2013. This was Yamaha Motor's first motorcycle.
3. "Paving the Road to Yamaha Motor Corporation, USA". Yamaha Founding History. Yamaha Motor Corporation, USA. Retrieved 16 August 2013. The bike was powered by an air-cooled, 2-stroke, single cylinder 125cc engine. Once finished, it was put through an unprecedented 10,000 km endurance test to ensure that its quality was top-class.
4. "Yamaha YA-1 125 ccm 1955". Classicyams.com. Remko Visser. Retrieved 16 August 2013. There was great originality in the shapes of the pedals for gears, kick-starter, and brakes, which were designed with artistic curves. These design characteristics made the motorcycle more than merely a copy of a European motorcycle.
5. Yamaha Motorcycle Design Page 1 of 8
6. Walker, Mick (Nov 1, 2002). Mick Walker's Japanese Grand Prix Racing Motorcycles. Redline Books. pp. 153–154. ISBN 0-953-1311-8-1. Retrieved July 28, 2012.
7. "Yamaha Corporation History". Company Histories. FundingUniverse. Retrieved 17 August 2013. Nippon Gakki already had experience with wooden aircraft parts dating back to 1920, but wartime activity exposed the company to new technologies.
8. "125 YA-1 (1955)". Yamaha Community (in French). Yamaha Motor France. Retrieved 18 August 2013.
9. Alexander, Jeffrey W. (Jan 31, 2009). Japan's Motorcycle Wars: An Industry History. UBC Press. pp. 151–154. ISBN 978-0-77481-454-6. Retrieved July 28, 2012.
10. "It all began here. Conquering the Mount Fuji Ascent Race". 50 YEARS OF WGP. Yamaha Motor Co., Ltd. Retrieved 17 August 2013. It wasn't a matter of remaking the YA-1 into a race machine, however, because the Mount Fuji Ascent Race was one for production models and the regulation left little room for modifications.
11. "History of the Yamaha Motor Group" (PDF). Annual Report 2011. Yamaha Motor Co., Ltd. 1 May 2012. Retrieved 17 August 2013.
12. "125 YB-1 (1955)". Yamaha Community (in French). Yamaha Motor France. Retrieved 17 August 2013.
13. "non-primary kickstart". TermWiki. CSOFT International, Ltd. Retrieved 17 August 2013.
14. Grahame, James (26 February 2012). "Yamaha Returns To Their Roots With The Y125 Moegi". Retro Thing. James Grahame & Bohuš Blahut. Retrieved 16 August 2013. The Moegi looks more like a classic bicycle than most scooters, but its decidedly high-tech from the handlebars to the tires.
15. Ben (7 December 2011). "Yamaha Y125 Moegi is your retro 1955 YA-1 motorcycle". Japanese Nostalgic Car. Japanese Nostalgic Car, LLC. Retrieved 16 August 2013. The YA-1 was Nippon Gakki‘s (later Yamaha) first motorcycle. Like the Moegi, it had a single, 125cc cylinder, albeit a two-stroke.
16. Ulrich, Lawrence (21 February 2012). "The Yamaha Moegi Demonstrates The Future of Fuel Efficiency". Popular Science. Retrieved 16 August 2013. Like the original YA-1, the Moegi runs on an air-cooled, 125-cc engine, which connects to the bike’s 20-inch rear wheel with a simple belt drive.
17. Rians (19 February 2012). "The Future of Fuel Efficiency motorcycle from Yamaha". The President Post. Retrieved 16 August 2013. They based it on the company’s first motorcycle, the 1955 125-cc YA-1, but they also included some modern touches, in particular an ultralight frame and a new cylinder design that could help make the Moegi one of the lightest and most fuel-efficient motorcycles ever.
18. Hanlon, Mike (30 November 2011). "Yamaha shows retro lightweight 125cc motorcycle that gets 220 mpg". Gizmag. Retrieved 16 August 2013. Though the YA-1 was itself a copy of the German DKW RT125 and was powered by a two-stroke engine, I am certain readers will agree the Yamaha concept has faithfully updated the YA-1.

See also

• List of motorcycles of the 1950s