New Zealand general election, 2014

New Zealand general election, 2014
New Zealand
20 September 2014
All 120 seats in the New Zealand House of Representatives
61 seats needed for a majority
Opinion polls
Turnout 2,446,279 (77.90%)
  First party Second party Third party
 
Leader John Key David Cunliffe Russel Norman /
Metiria Turei
Party National Labour Green
Leader since 2006 2013 2006 / 2009
Leader's seat Helensville New Lynn List
Last election 59 seats, 47.31% 34 seats, 27.48% 14 seats, 11.06%
Seats before 59 34 14
Seats won 60 32 14
Seat change Increase1 Decrease2 Steady0
Popular vote 1,131,501 604,534 257,356
Percentage 47.04% 25.13% 10.70%
Swing Decrease0.28% Decrease2.35% Decrease0.36%
  Fourth party Fifth party Sixth party
 
Leader Winston Peters Te Ururoa Flavell (co-leader) Jamie Whyte
Party NZ First Māori ACT
Leader since 1993
(party foundation)		 2013 2014
Leader's seat List Waiariki (outside Parliament)
Last election 8 seats, 6.59% 3 seats, 1.43% 1 seat, 1.07%
Seats before 7 3 1
Seats won 11 2 1
Seat change Increase4 Decrease1 Steady0
Popular vote 208,300 31,850 16,689
Percentage 8.66% 1.32% 0.69%
Swing Increase2.06% Decrease0.11% Decrease0.37%
  Seventh party Eighth party
 
Leader Peter Dunne Hone Harawira / Laila Harré
Party United Future Internet Mana
Leader since 2002
(party foundation)		 2014
Leader's seat Ōhariu Te Tai Tokerau (lost seat) / (outside Parliament)
Last election 1 seat, 0.60% 1 seat, 1.08%[lower-alpha 1]
Seats before 1 1
Seats won 1 0
Seat change Steady0 Decrease1
Popular vote 5,286 34,095
Percentage 0.22% 1.42
Swing Decrease0.38% Increase0.34%
Prime Minister before election

John Key
National

 Elected Prime Minister

The 2014 New Zealand general election took place on Saturday 20 September 2014 to determine the membership of the 51st New Zealand Parliament.[1]

Voters elected 121 members to the House of Representatives, with 71 from single-member electorates (an increase from 70 in 2011)[2] and 50 from party lists. Since 1996, New Zealand has used the Mixed Member Proportional (MMP) voting system, giving voters two votes: one for a political party and one for their local electorate MP. The party vote decides how many seats each party gets in the new Parliament; a party is entitled to a share of the seats if it receives 5% of the party vote or wins an electorate. Normally, the House has 120 seats but extra seats may be added where there is an overhang, caused by a party winning more electorates than seats it is entitled to. The one-seat overhang from the 50th Parliament will remain for the 51st Parliament, after United Future won one electorate when their 0.22% party vote did not entitle them to any seats.

A total of 3,140,417 people were registered to vote in the election; around 92.6% of all eligible New Zealanders.[3] A total of 2,446,279 votes were cast,[4] including a record 717,579 advance votes, more than double the number cast in 2011.[5][6] Turnout was 77.90%, higher than the 2011 election,[4] but the sixth-lowest since women gained the vote in 1893.

The centre-right National Party, led by incumbent Prime Minister John Key, gained a plurality with 47.0% of the party vote and 60 of the 121 seats. On election night counts, the party appeared to hold the first majority since 1994 with 61 seats, but lost one seat to the Green Party on the official count.[7] National re-entered confidence and supply agreements with the centrist United Future,[8] the classical liberal ACT Party,[9] and the indigenous rights-based Māori Party[10] to form a minority government and give the Fifth National Government a third term.

The centre-left Labour Party, National's traditional opponent, lost ground for the fourth election in a row, receiving 25.1% of the party vote and 32 seats. The Green Party dropped in the party vote from 11.1% to 10.7%, but remained steady on 14 seats. New Zealand First meanwhile increased its vote share to 8.7% and seat count to 11. The Māori Party, ACT, and United Future retained their Parliamentary representation, despite losing party votes. The Internet Mana Party did not return to Parliament after its only representative in Parliament, Hone Harawira, was defeated in his electorate of Te Tai Tokerau.[11][12]

Background

MMP review

A referendum on the voting system took place in conjunction with the 2011 election, with 57.8% of voters voting to keep the existing Mixed Member Proportional (MMP) voting system. Under the terms of the Electoral Referendum Act 2010 the majority vote in favour of retaining MMP meant that the Electoral Commission had the task of conducting an independent review of the workings of the MMP system.

The Commission released a consultation paper in February 2012 calling for public submissions on ways to improve the MMP system, with the focus put on six areas:

  1. basis of eligibility for list seats (thresholds)
  2. by-election candidates
  3. dual candidacy
  4. order of candidates on party lists
  5. overhang
  6. proportion of electorate seats to list seats

The Commission released a proposal paper for consultation in August 2012 and published its final report on 29 October 2012. In the report, the Commission recommended the following:[13]

Parliament has the right to decide whether to implement any changes to the system, which had been largely unchanged since it was introduced in 1994 for the 1996 election. In November 2012 a private member's bill under the name of opposition Labour Party member Iain Lees-Galloway proposed implementing the first two recommendations; it was drawn from the member's bill ballot on 14 November 2013, but by the time Parliament dissolved for the election, it was still awaiting its first reading.[14] In May 2014 Judith Collins and John Key announced that no inter-party consensus existed on implementing the recommendations of the Commission, so the Government would not introduce any legislation.[15]

50th Parliament (2011–14)

Following the 2011 general election, the National Party entered into confidence and supply agreements with ACT, the Māori Party and United Future to continue the Fifth National Government. These arrangements give the National-led government a majority of seven seats, with 64 on confidence-and-supply in the 121-seat Parliament.

The Labour, Green, New Zealand First and Mana parties are all in opposition, but only the Labour Party constitutes the formal Opposition.

At the 2011 election, the National Party gained 59 seats, the Labour Party 34 seats, the Green Party 14 seats, New Zealand First eight seats, Māori three seats, and Mana, ACT, and United Future gained one seat each. One change was made to the allocation during the Parliament. In 2012, Brendan Horan was expelled from the NZ First caucus but continued to sit as an Independent, meaning NZ First had seven caucus MPs for the remainder of the Parliament.[16]

On 31 May 2013, the Electoral Commission de-registered United Future after it could not prove it had the 500 financial members required for registration. The party successfully re-registered on 13 August 2013, but in the interim its sole MP, Peter Dunne, sat in the house as an independent. On 13 June 2014, ACT's sole MP John Banks resigned from Parliament after being found guilty of filing a false electoral return for his 2010 Auckland mayoral campaign. As his resignation came within six months of the election, his seat was left vacant, meaning ACT had no representation in Parliament until the general election.

Dates

On 10 March 2014, Prime Minister John Key announced that the election would take place on Saturday 20 September 2014. As in 2011, the Prime Minister announced the date early, although only six months in advance compared to the nearly ten months in 2011. Traditionally, the election date is a closely guarded secret, and announced as late as possible.[17]

A general election must take place every three years, and Parliaments generally run the full three-year term unless an early election is called or the election date is set to circumvent holding a by-election. Voting for the previous election occurred on Saturday, 26 November 2011.[18] In 1950, New Zealand introduced a legal requirement to hold elections on a Saturday,[19] and beginning with the 1957 election, a convention evolved to hold general elections on the last Saturday of November. The events of 1984 upset this convention, and it took until the 1999 election for election dates to creep gradually back towards the conventional timing, only for an early election to occur in 2002. By the 2011 election, the conventional "last Saturday of November" was achieved again.[20] If the convention had been followed in 2014, the election would have taken place on 29 November.

In October 2013, Prime Minister John Key hinted that the election would take place before November.[21] The setting of the election date became further influenced by Australia inviting New Zealand to attend the G-20 summit in Brisbane on 15 and 16 November 2014, with the possibility that some leaders might make flying visits to New Zealand. Ideally, major diplomatic visits and engagements should be avoided during the election period, as they can distract politicians from campaigning and voters may see them as an attempt to influence the election result.[22]

Key dates relating to the General Election include:[23]

10 March 2014 (Monday) Prime Minister John Key announces election to be held on 20 September
20 June 2014 (Friday) The regulated election advertising period begins.
31 July 2014 (Thursday) Last sitting day for the 50th Parliament
14 August 2014 (Thursday) Governor General dissolves the 50th Parliament
20 August 2014 (Wednesday) Writ Day - Governor General issues formal direction to the Electoral Commission to hold the election.[24]
Electoral roll closes for printing (all people enrolling after this date must cast special declaration votes)
Official campaigning begins; radio and television advertising begins
27 August 2014 (Wednesday) Details of candidates for election and polling places released
3 September 2014 (Wednesday) Advance and overseas voting begins
19 September 2014 (Friday) Advance voting ends; overseas voting ends at 16:00 local time
The regulated election advertising period ends; all election advertising must be taken down by midnight
20 September 2014 (Saturday) Election Day – polling places open 09:00 to 19:00
Preliminary results released progressively after 19:00
4 October 2014 (Saturday) Official results released
9 October 2014 (Thursday) Writ for election returned; official declaration of elected members (subject to judicial recounts)

Electorate boundaries

Per the Electoral Act 1993, the South Island must have 16 general electorates, with the number of North Island general and Maori electorates calculated by dividing the respective population in each group by one-sixteenth of the South Island general electorate population, within a tolerance of five percent. At the 2011 election, the North Island had 47 general electorates and the Maori roll had seven Māori electorates, totalling 70 electorates across the country. Following the March 2013 Census of Population and Dwellings and the 2013 Maori electoral option, the Representation Commission re-drew some electorate boundaries.

In October 2013, Statistics New Zealand announced that there would be one additional North Island general electorate, bringing the total number of North Island general electorates to 48 and the overall number of electorates to 71.[25] Growth in Auckland saw three existing electorates, Auckland Central, Helensville and Hunua, exceed their quota by at least 14 percent. Population changes in Christchurch following the 2011 earthquakes meanwhile saw the Christchurch East electorate drop to 23 percent below quota, while the urban fringe electorate of Selwyn grew to 14 percent above quota.[26]

The Representation Commission, tasked with redrawing the electorate boundaries, released its final electorate boundaries on 17 April 2014. The largest changes took place in northern and western Auckland, with two new electorates - Upper Harbour and Kelston - created, while the existing Waitakere electorate was dissolved.[27] Upper Harbour centres on the Upper Harbour Bridge, stretching from Wairau Valley to Massey, and was predicted to be a safe National seat. Kelston centres on the western Auckland suburb of the same name, stretching from Oratia to Waterview, and was predicted to be a safe Labour seat.[28] Kelston's creation took population from the Mount Albert electorate, which in turn allowed Mount Albert to take Westmere and Grey Lynn from Auckland Central, bringing Auckland Central within quota. Helensville's over-quota has been solved by the creation of the Upper Harbour electorate, while Hunua has lost the area south of the Auckland Region boundary to Waikato to bring it within quota.

In Christchurch, the under-quota Christchurch East and Christchurch Central electorates took population from Waimakariri in the north and from Port Hills in the south. While it was correctly predicted Christchurch East would remain a Labour seat, the prediction that the marginal Christchurch Central electorate would move in Labour's favour proved false; the seat instead swung in National's favour. The loss of Labour-leaning urban parts of Waimakariri made it a safer seat for National, which increased it majority from 642 votes in 2011 to 2,133 in 2014. The Halswell-Oaklands-Westmorland area moved from Selwyn into Port Hills to compensate for Port Hills' loss and to bring Selwyn within quota. As Halswell-Oaklands-Westmorland are predominantly National-leaning, it caused the Labour-held electorate of Port Hills to become more marginal.[28]

In Wellington, the Labour-leaning Hutt South electorate took the National-leaning western hill suburbs of Lower Hutt from Ōhariu and Rimutaka, in exchange for Rimutaka taking the Labour-leaning state housing suburb of Naenae. The changes allowed Ōhariu to take Wadestown off the over-quota Wellington Central electorate. This was correctly predicted to make Hutt South more marginal; Labour's Trevor Mallard retained the seat in 2011 by a 4825-vote majority, and this reduced to just 709 in 2014,[29] while Rimutaka's Chris Hipkins increased his majority by 3,378 votes.

Retiring MPs

Twenty-two existing Members of Parliament did not stand for re-election, including fourteen members of the governing National Party.

Name Party Electorate/List Term in office
John Banks[nb 1][30] ACT Epsom 1981–99; 2011–14
Holly Walker [nb 2][31] Green List 2011–14
Darien Fenton [32] Labour List 2005–14
Rajen Prasad [33] List 2008–14
Ross Robertson [34] Manukau East 1987–2014
Pita Sharples [35] Māori Tāmaki Makaurau 2005–14
Tariana Turia [36] Te Tai Hauāuru 1996–14
Shane Ardern [37] National Taranaki-King Country 1998–2014
Chris Auchinvole [38] List 2005–14
Cam Calder [39] List 2009–14
Claudette Hauiti [40] List 2013–14
John Hayes [41] Wairarapa 2005–14
Phil Heatley [42] Whangarei 1999–2014
Tau Henare[43] List 1993–99; 2005–14
Paul Hutchison [44] Hunua 1999–2014
Colin King [45][46] Kaikoura 2005–14
Eric Roy[47] Invercargill 1993–2002; 2005–14
Tony Ryall[48] Bay of Plenty 1990–2014
Katrina Shanks[nb 3][49] List 2007–13
Chris Tremain [38] Napier 2005–14
Kate Wilkinson [50] Waimakariri 2005–14
Andrew Williams[nb 4][51] New Zealand First List 2011–14
  1. ↑ After his trial for filing a false electoral return John Banks resigned from Parliament on 13 June 2014
  2. ↑ Although Walker contested Hutt South, she did not expect to win and was not on the party list.
  3. ↑ Although she had previously announced her intention to stand down at the election, Shanks resigned from Parliament at the end of 2013.
  4. ↑ Although he was previously announced as New Zealand First candidate for East Coast Bays and thirteenth-ranked on the list, Williams was removed as a candidate before the election.

List-only MPs

Bill English (National) announced in January 2014 that he will retire as the electorate MP for Clutha-Southland and instead stand as a list-only MP.[52]

Contesting parties and candidates

At the close of nominations, 554 individuals had been nominated to contest the election, up from 544 at the 2011 election. Of those, 71 are list-only, 114 are electorate-only (including 13 candidates from non-registered parties and 23 independent candidates), and 369 are contesting for both list and electorate seats. Just under 30% of candidates (164) are female, up from 27% in 2011.[53]

Political parties registered with the Electoral Commission on Writ Day can contest the general election as a party. Each such party can submit a party list to contest the party vote, and can have a party election-expenses limit in addition to limits on individual candidates' campaigns. At Writ Day, 19 political parties had registered to contend the general election.[54] At the close of nominations, 15 registered parties had put forward a party list to the Commission to contest the party vote, up from 13 in 2011.

On 27 May 2014, the Mana Party and Internet Party announced an agreement to field a combined party list at the election under the Internet Mana Party banner. Their electorate candidates, however, can continue to campaign under each individual party's banner.[55][56]

While registered, the 1Law4All Party and the Alliance did not put forward party lists.

Party Leader(s) Party vote %
(2011 election)		 Seats
(as of 31 July 2014)		 Electorate candidates Party list candidates
Parties with seats in the 50th Parliament
ACT Jamie Whyte 1.07 0[nb 1] 39 41
Green Russel Norman / Metiria Turei 11.06 14 57 59
Labour David Cunliffe 27.48 34 71 64
Mana[nb 2] Hone Harawira 1.08 1 18 N/A
Māori Te Ururoa Flavell 1.43 3 24 24
National John Key 47.31 59 64 75
NZ First Winston Peters 6.59 7 31 31
United Future Peter Dunne 0.60 1 11 11
Other registered parties without seats in the 50th Parliament
Alliance Kevin Campbell / Kay Murray 0.05 – 1 0
Ban 1080 Bill Wallace / Mike Downard –[nb 3] – 5 9
Civilian Ben Ufindell –[nb 3] – 0 8
Conservative Colin Craig 2.65 – 64 20
Democrats Stephnie de Ruyter 0.08 – 30 35
Focus Ken Rintoul –[nb 3] – 2 8
Independent Coalition Brendan Horan –[nb 3] – 4 10
Internet[nb 2] Laila Harré[57][58] –[nb 3] – 15 N/A
Internet Mana[nb 2] Hone Harawira / Laila Harré –[nb 3] – N/A 32
Legalise Cannabis Julian Crawford 0.52 – 10 13
  1. ↑ ACT's sole MP, John Banks, resigned from Parliament on 13 June 2014. No by-election took place for his electorate seat, as his resignation occurred within six months of the foreshadowed election.
  2. 1 2 3 The Internet Party and Mana Party will present a combined party list to contest the 2014 election as an electoral bloc under the name "Internet Mana".
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Party did not exist at the time of the 2011 election.

Non-registered parties contending the election include:

Independents are standing in Botany, Dunedin North (×2), Epsom (×4), Helensville (×2), Hutt South, Mount Albert, Northland, Ōhariu, Ōtaki, Rongotai, Tauranga (×2), Wellington Central, West Coast-Tasman, Ikaroa-Rāwhiti, Tāmaki Makaurau and Te Tai Tokerau.

Campaigning

Campaign expense limits and broadcasting allocations

During the three month regulated period prior to election day (i.e. 20 June to 19 September 2014), parties and candidates have limits on how much they may spend on election campaigning. It is illegal in New Zealand to campaign on election day itself.

For the 2014 election, every registered party contending the party vote is permitted to spend $1,091,000 plus $25,700 per electorate candidate on election campaigning during the regulated period, excluding radio and television campaigning (broadcasting funding is allocated separately). A party contesting all 71 electorates is therefore permitted to spend $2,915,700 on election campaigning. All electorate candidates are permitted to spend $25,700 each on campaigning over and above their party's allocation.[59]

Registered parties are allocated a separate broadcasting budget for radio and television campaigning, and broadcasting time on Radio New Zealand and Television New Zealand to make opening and closing addresses. Only money from the broadcasting allocation can be used to purchase airtime; the actual production costs of advertisements can come from the general election expenses budget.[60]

The Electoral Commission sets the amount of broadcasting funds and time each party gets. The initial election broadcasting allocation was announced on 6 June 2014.[61] Two parties who were allocated broadcasting funds and time failed to register by Writ Day, so their funding and allocation of time for closing address were redistributed to the remaining parties. ACT did not receive any redistributed funding as they had lost their only MP since the initial allocation.[62] Broadcasting funding was further redistributed on 29 August after the Alliance failed to register its party list (a requirement to receive broadcasting funds).[63] This coincided with the Conservative Party's bid to receive a court-mandated increase in broadcasting funds and time,[64] which was taken into consideration when funding was redistributed for the second time.[63]

Party Party expenses limit Broadcasting allocation (final) Opening address time allocation Closing address time allocation
ACT $2,093,300 $76,930 2 mins 2 mins
Civilian $1,091,000 $34,729 60 secs 1 min 5 secs
Conservative $2,735,800 $62,166 1 min 30 secs 1 min 40 secs
Democrats $1,862,000 $34,729 60 secs 1 min 5 secs
Focus $1,142,400 $34,729 60 secs 1 min 5 secs
Green $2,555,900 $414,439 7 mins 30 secs 7 mins 55 secs
Independent Coalition $1,193,800 $79,433 2 mins 2 mins 5 secs
Internet Mana $1,939,100 $79,433 2 mins 2 mins 5 secs
Labour $2,915,700 $949,756 13 mins 30 secs 14 mins 10 secs
Legalise Cannabis $1,348,000 $34,729 60 secs 1 min 5 secs
Māori $1,707,800 $103,610 2 mins 30 secs 2 mins 40 secs
National $2,735,800 $1,087,902 15 mins 30 secs 16 mins 15 secs
NZ First $1,887,700 $207,220 4 mins 30 secs 4 mins 45 secs
United Future $1,373,700 $79,433 2 mins 2 mins 5 secs

Third party promoters, such as trade unions and lobby groups, can campaign during the regulated period. The maximum expense limit is $308,000 for those groups registered with the Electoral Commission, and $12,300 for unregistered groups.[65] Those third party promoters registered for the election include:[66]

All campaign expense limits are inclusive of GST.

Campaigning timeline

Early campaigning: before 20 August

First week: 20–24 August

Second week: 25–31 August

Third week: 1–7 September

Fourth week: 8–14 September

Paul Foster-Bell speaking at the Aro Valley candidates meeting, held in Wellington on 8 September

Final week: 15–19 September
Raw audio of the press conference held after The Moment of Truth
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Opinion polling

Opinion polls have been undertaken periodically since the 2011 election by Fairfax Media (Fairfax Media Ipsos), MediaWorks New Zealand (3 News Reid Research), The New Zealand Herald (Herald Digipoll), Roy Morgan Research, and Television New Zealand (One News Colmar Brunton). The graph on the left below shows the collated results of all five polls for parties that polled above the 5% electoral threshold at the 2011 election; The graph on the right shows results for parties that polled between 1% and 4.9%, or won an electorate seat, at the 2011 election, as well as parties contesting the 2014 election which have polled over 1.0% since 2011.

After the November 2011 election, National remained around the 47% mark in polling until the end of 2013, when its popularity slowly rose to 49% by the last week before the election. Labour recovered from its 27.5% election result to cross the 30% mark in March 2012, before levelling out around 33% for most of 2013. From around November 2013, Labour's support started slipping, down to 25% by election day. The Green Party and New Zealand First did not move much from the 11% and 5% marks respectively until the last few weeks before the election, where they each gained 1-2%. No other party has polled above the 5% threshold, although the Conservative Party came close on individual polls in the weeks before the election.

Results

Preliminary results were gradually released after 19:00 (NZST) on 20 September, with the targets that all advance vote results were available by 20:30 and all preliminary results were available by 23:30. The preliminary count is done within the polling booths, and only includes ordinary votes; it does not include any special votes. Special votes include votes from those who enrolled after the 20 August deadline, those who voted outside their electorate (this includes all overseas votes), hospital votes, and those voters enrolled on the unpublished roll.

All voting papers, counterfoils and electoral rolls are returned to the electorate's returning officer for a compulsory recount; this also includes approving and counting any special votes, and compiling a master roll to ensure no voter has voted more than once. Official results, including all recounted ordinary votes and special votes, were released at 14:00 on Saturday 4 October 2014. Parties and candidates had 3 working days afterwards (i.e. until 8 October 2014) to apply to the District Court for a judicial recount.

On 7 October 2014, Mana Party leader Hone Harawira filed for a judicial recount of the Te Tai Tokerau electorate. The recount is expected to take 3–5 days to complete.[87]

Overall results

Party vote percentage

  National (47.04%)
  Labour (25.13%)
  Green (10.70%)
  NZ First (8.66%)
  Conservative (3.97%)
  Internet Mana (1.42%)
  Māori (1.32%)
  ACT (0.69%)
  United Future (0.22%)
  Other (0.85%)
Seating diagram after the election.
  Summary of the 20 September 2014 election result for the New Zealand House of Representatives[88]
Party Votes % of Votes Seats
% Change Electorate List Total Change
National 1,131,501 47.04 −0.28 41 19 60 +1
Labour 604,534 25.13 −2.35 27 5 32 −2
Green 257,356 10.70 −0.36 0 14 14 0
NZ First 208,300 8.66 +2.06 0 11 11 +3
Māori 31,850 1.32 −0.11 1 1 2 −1
ACT 16,689 0.69 −0.37 1 0 1 0
United Future 5,286 0.22 −0.38 1 0 1 0
other parties 150,104 6.24 +2.87 0 0 0 −1[lower-alpha 2]
total 2,405,620 100.00 71 50 121 0
party informal votes 10,681
disallowed votes
total votes cast 2,416,481
turnout 76.95%
total electorate 3,140,417[3]

Non-parliamentary parties

Eight parties did not gain 5% of the party vote or win an electorate seat, entitling them to no representation in the 51st Parliament.

Despite speculation that the Conservative Party might cross the 5% threshold, it did not; nonetheless, it secured an increase in its share of the party vote, winning just under 4.0%. The Aotearoa Legalise Cannabis Party received 0.46% of the vote, twice as many as the lowest-polling party to gain a seat, United Future.[88]

  Summary of party vote for minor unrepresented registered parties
Party Votes % Change
Conservative 95,958 3.99 +1.34
Internet Mana 34,095 1.42 +0.34[lower-alpha 3]
Legalise Cannabis 10,961 0.46 −0.07
Ban 1080 5,113 0.21 +0.21
Democrats 1,730 0.07 0.00
Civilian 1,096 0.05 +0.05
Independent Coalition 872 0.04 +0.04
Focus 639 0.03 +0.03
Minor parties, total 150,104 6.24 +2.87

Voting summary

Popular Vote
National
  
 47.04%
Labour
  
 25.13%
Green
  
 10.70%
NZ First
  
 8.66%
Conservative
  
 3.97%
Internet Mana
  
 1.42%
Māori
  
 1.32%
ACT
  
 0.69%
United Future
  
 0.22%
Others
  
 0.85%
Parliament seats
National
  
 49.59%
Labour
  
 26.44%
Green
  
 11.57%
NZ First
  
 9.09%
Māori
  
 1.65%
ACT
  
 0.83%
United Future
  
 0.83%

Electorate results

Results by electorate

Prior to the election, the National Party held the majority of the electorate seats with 41. Labour held 22 seats, Māori held three seats, and ACT, Mana and United Future held one seat each. There are two new electorates in 2014, Kelston and Upper Harbour.

National held steady on 41 electorates, Labour gained three seats to hold 27 electorates, Māori lost two seats to hold one, and ACT and United Future held steady with one seat each. The Mana Party lost its only seat, after sole incumbent MP Hone Harawira lost Te Tai Tokerau to Labour's Kelvin Davis.

In the two new electorates, Labour's Carmel Sepuloni won Kelston, while National's Paula Bennett won Upper Harbour. Bennett previously held Waitakere, which was disestablished prior to the election in favour of the two new electorates.

In 11 electorates, the incumbents did not seek re-election, and the seats passed to new MPs of the same party. In the remaining 3 electorates where the incumbent did not seek re-election, the electorate changed allegiance. In Napier, Labour's Stuart Nash won the seat off retiring National MP Chris Tremain, caused by large vote splitting between National candidate Wayne Walford and Conservative candidate Garth McVicar.[89] In Tāmaki Makaurau and Te Tai Hauāuru, Labour won both seats off the retiring Māori Party co-leaders Pita Sharples and Tariana Turia.

Of the 55 electorates where the incumbents sought re-election, only the aforementioned Te Tai Tokerau changed hands.

The table below shows the results of the 2014 general election:

Key:

  National     Labour     Green     NZ First     Conservative  
  ACT     United Future     Māori     Mana  
[] Electorate results for the New Zealand general election, 2014[90][91]
Electorate Incumbent Winner Majority Runner up Third place
General electorates
Auckland Central Nikki Kaye 600 Jacinda Ardern[er 1] Denise Roche[er 1]
Bay of Plenty Tony Ryall[er 2] Todd Muller 15,096 Clare Wilson Raymond Dolman
Botany Jami-Lee Ross 13,495 Tofik Mamedov Paul Young
Christchurch Central Nicky Wagner 2,420 Tony Milne David Moorhouse
Christchurch East Poto Williams 4,073 Jo Hayes[er 1] Mojo Mathers[er 1]
Clutha-Southland Bill English[er 3] Todd Barclay 14,886 Liz Craig Rachael Goldsmith
Coromandel Scott Simpson 15,801 Catherine Delahunty[er 1] Korbinian Poschl
Dunedin North David Clark 5,917 Michael Woodhouse[er 1] Metiria Turei[er 1]
Dunedin South Clare Curran 3,858 Hamish Walker Shane Gallagher
East Coast Anne Tolley 7,934 Moana Mackey Gavin Maclean
East Coast Bays Murray McCully 15,034 Colin Craig Greg Milner-White
Epsom (vacant)[er 4] David Seymour 4,250 Paul Goldsmith[er 1] Michael Wood
Hamilton East David Bennett 10,199 Cliff Allen Mark Servian
Hamilton West Tim Macindoe 5,784 Sue Moroney[er 1] Bill Gudgeon
Helensville John Key 18,287 Kennedy Graham[er 1] Corie Haddock
Hunua Paul Hutchison[er 2] Andrew Bayly 17,376 Arena Williams Jon Reeves
Hutt South Trevor Mallard 709 Chris Bishop[er 1] Holly Walker
Ilam Gerry Brownlee 11,898 James Dann John Kelcher
Invercargill Eric Roy[er 2] Sarah Dowie 7,482 Lesley Soper Ria Bond
Kaikoura Colin King[er 2] Stuart Smith 12,570 Jannette Walker Steffan Browning[er 1]
Kelston (new electorate) Carmel Sepuloni 5,367 Christopher Penk Ruth Irwin
Mana Kris Faafoi 7,953 Hekia Parata[er 1] Jan Logie[er 1]
Māngere William Sio 14,933 Misa Fia Turner Edward Saafi
Manukau East Ross Robertson[er 2] Jenny Salesa 13,254 Kanwal Singh Bakshi[er 1] Asenati Taylor
Manurewa Louisa Wall 6,402 Simeon Brown John Hall
Maungakiekie Sam Lotu-Iiga 2,348 Carol Beaumont Richard Leckinger
Mount Albert David Shearer 10,656 Melissa Lee[er 1] Jeanette Elley
Mount Roskill Phil Goff 8,091 Parmjeet Parmar[er 1] Barry Coates
Napier Chris Tremain[er 2] Stuart Nash 3,850 Wayne Walford Garth McVicar
Nelson Nick Smith 7,605 Maryan Street Colin Robertson
New Lynn David Cunliffe 4,557 Tim Groser[er 1] Daniel Rogers
New Plymouth Jonathan Young 9,778 Andrew Little[er 1] Sarah Roberts
North Shore Maggie Barry 16,503 Claire Szabó Brett Stansfield
Northcote Jonathan Coleman 9,664 Richard Hills Anne-Elise Smithson
Northland Mike Sabin 9,300 Willow-Jean Prime David Clendon[er 1]
Ōhariu Peter Dunne 710 Virginia Andersen Brett Hudson[er 1]
Ōtaki Nathan Guy 7,782 Rob McCann Maddy Drew
Pakuranga Maurice Williamson 12,867 Barry Kirker Andrew Craig
Palmerston North Iain Lees-Galloway 2,212 Jono Naylor[er 1] Darroch Ball[er 1]
Papakura Judith Collins 5,119 Jerome Mika Brent Catchpole
Port Hills Ruth Dyson 2,228 Nuk Korako[er 1] Eugenie Sage[er 1]
Rangitata Jo Goodhew 14,107 Steven Gibson Oliver Vitali
Rangitīkei Ian McKelvie 11,060 Deborah Russell Romuald Rudzki
Rimutaka Chris Hipkins 6,664 Lewis Holden Aaron Hunt
Rodney Mark Mitchell 20,230 Eric Bolt Tracey Martin[er 1]
Rongotai Annette King 9,617 Chris Finlayson[er 1] Russel Norman[er 1]
Rotorua Todd McClay 7,418 Tamati Coffey Fletcher Tabuteau[er 1]
Selwyn Amy Adams 20,561 Peter Hill Gordon Dickson
Tāmaki Simon O'Connor 20,421 Chao-Fu Wu Dorthe Siggaard
Taranaki-King Country Shane Ardern[er 2] Barbara Kuriger 16,773 Penny Gaylor Robert Moore
Taupō Louise Upston 15,046 Jamie Strange Edwin Perry
Tauranga Simon Bridges 14,842 Rachel Jones Clayton Mitchell[er 1]
Te Atatū Phil Twyford 2,813 Alfred Ngaro[er 1] Gary Stewart
Tukituki Craig Foss 6,490 Anna Lorck Chris Perley
Upper Harbour (new electorate) Paula Bennett 9,692 Hermann Retzlaff Nicholas Mayne
Waikato Lindsay Tisch 16,169 Christine Greer Barbara Stewart[er 1]
Waimakariri Kate Wilkinson[er 2] Matthew Doocey 2,506 Clayton Cosgrove[er 1] Reuben Hunt
Wairarapa John Hayes[er 2] Alastair Scott 6,771 Kieran McAnulty Ron Mark[er 1]
Waitaki Jacqui Dean 16,668 Glenda Alexander Sue Coutts
Wellington Central Grant Robertson 8,267 Paul Foster-Bell[er 1] James Shaw[er 1]
West Coast-Tasman Damien O'Connor 4,094 Maureen Pugh Kevin Hague[er 1]
Whanganui Chester Borrows 4,505 Hamish McDouall Kim MacIntyre
Whangarei Phil Heatley[er 2] Shane Reti 13,169 Kelly Ellis Paul Doherty
Wigram Megan Woods 3,330 Karl Varley Richard Wesley
Māori electorates
Hauraki-Waikato Nanaia Mahuta 7,695 Susan Cullen Angeline Greensill
Ikaroa-Rāwhiti Meka Whaitiri 4,673 Te Hāmua Nikora Marama Fox[er 1]
Tāmaki Makaurau Pita Sharples[er 2] Peeni Henare 1,462 Rangi McLean Marama Davidson
Te Tai Hauāuru Tariana Turia[er 2] Adrian Rurawhe 1,554 Chris McKenzie Jack Tautokai McDonald
Te Tai Tokerau Hone Harawira Kelvin Davis 743 Hone Harawira Te Hira Paenga
Te Tai Tonga Rino Tirikatene 3,554 Ngaire Button Dora Roimata Langsbury
Waiariki Te Ururoa Flavell 3,889 Rawiri Waititi Annette Sykes

Notes:

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 This candidate was ultimately elected to Parliament via their party list.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 This MP retired prior to the election.
  3. ↑ This MP did not re-contest the electorate this election, instead contesting the party list only.
  4. ↑ This electorate had been vacant since John Banks' resignation from Parliament on 13 June 2014 after his trial for filing a false electoral return.

List results

National Labour Green NZ First Māori
Bill English (02)
David Carter (03)
Steven Joyce (05)
Hekia Parata (07)
Chris Finlayson (08)
Tim Groser (14)
Michael Woodhouse (20)
Paul Goldsmith (30)
Melissa Lee (31)
Kanwal Singh Bakshi (32)
Jian Yang (33)
Alfred Ngaro (34)
Brett Hudson (39)
Paul Foster-Bell (46)
Joanne Hayes (47)
Parmjeet Parmar (48)
Chris Bishop (49)
Nuk Korako (50)
Jono Naylor (51)		 David Parker (02)
Jacinda Ardern (05)
Clayton Cosgrove (08)
Sue Moroney (10)
Andrew Little (11)		 Metiria Turei (01)
Russel Norman (02)
Kevin Hague (03)
Eugenie Sage (04)
Gareth Hughes (05)
Catherine Delahunty (06)
Kennedy Graham (07)
Julie Anne Genter (08)
Mojo Mathers (09)
Jan Logie (10)
David Clendon (11)
James Shaw (12)
Denise Roche (13)
Steffan Browning (14)		 Winston Peters (01)
Tracey Martin (02)
Richard Prosser (03)
Fletcher Tabuteau (04)
Barbara Stewart (05)
Clayton Mitchell (06)
Denis O'Rourke (07)
Pita Paraone (08)
Ron Mark (09)
Darroch Ball (10)
Mahesh Bindra (11)		 Marama Fox (02)

The next list candidates for each party were Maureen Pugh for National, Maryan Street for Labour, Marama Davidson for Green, Ria Bond for NZ First, and Chris McKenzie for Māori.

Unsuccessful list candidates

National Maureen Pugh, Misa Fia Turner, Wayne Walford, Simeon Brown, Hamish Walker, Lewis Holden, Karl Varley, Christopher Penk, Linda Cooper, Letitia O'Dwyer, Mark Bridges, Boris Sokratov, Matthew Evetts, Carolyn O'Fallon, Charlotte Littlewood
Labour Maryan Street, Moana Mackey, Raymond Huo, Priyanca Radhakrishnan, Rachel Jones, Carol Beaumont, Tamati Coffey, Liz Craig, Deborah Russell, Willow-Jean Prime, Jerome Mika, Tony Milne, Virginia Andersen, Claire Szabó, Michael Wood, Arena Williams, Hamish McDouall, Anjum Rahman, Sunny Kaushal, Christine Greer, Penny Gaylor, Janette Walker, Richard Hills, Shanan Halbert, Anahila Suisuiki, Clare Wilson, James Dann, Kelly Ellis, Corrie Haddock, Jamie Strange, Katie Paul, Steven Gibson, Chao-Fu Wu, Paul Grimshaw, Tracey Dorreen, Tofik Mamedov, Hikiera Toroa, Hugh Tyler, Susan Elliot, Simon Buckingham
Green Marama Davidson, Barry Coates, John Hart, David Kennedy, Jeanette Elley, Jack McDonald, David Moorhouse, Sea Rotmann, Richard Leckinger, Umesh Perinpanayagam, Susanne Ruthven, Teresa Moore, Dora Roimata Langsbury, Tane Woodley, Chris Perley, Rachel Goldsmith, John Kelcher, Daniel Rogers, Richard Wesley, Anne-Elise Smithson, Malcolm McAll, Chris Ford, Reuben Hunt, Paul Bailey, Caroline Conroy, Sue Coutts, Paul Doherty, Maddy Drew, Shane Gallagher, Peter Hill, Ruth Irwin, Henare Kani, Gavin Maclean, Nicholas Mayne, Ian McLean, Robert Moore, Sarah Roberts, Colin Robertson, Dave Robinson, Mark Servian, Dorthe Siggaard, Brett Stansfield, Gary Stewart, Mua Strickson-Pua, Patricia Tupou
NZ First Ria Bond, Mataroa Paroro, Romuald Rudzki, Jon Reeves, Asenati Lole-Taylor, Brent Catchpole, George Abraham, Ray Dolman, Hugh Barr, Anne Degia-Pala, Steve Campbell, Edwin Perry, Bill Gudgeon, Brent Pierson, Aaron Hunt, John Hall, Richard Taurima, Grant Ertel, Cliff Lyon, Bill Woods
Conservative Colin Craig, Christine Rankin, Garth McVicar, Melissa Perkin, Edward Saafi, Callum Blair, Mel Taylor, Steve Taylor, Roy Brown, Paul Young, Donald Aubrey, Brian Dobbs, John Stringer, Anton Heyns, Michael Brunner, Brent Reid, Deborah Cunliffe, Philip Lynch, Howard Hudson, Elliot Ikilei
Māori Chris McKenzie, Te Hira Paenga, Ngaire Button, Nancy Tuaine, Tame Iti, Eraia Kiel, Anaru Kaipo, Raewyn Bhana, Rangimarie Naida Glavish, Aroha Reriti-Crofts, Hinurewa Te Hau, Tom Phillips, Verna Ohia-Gate, Ann Kendall, Hiria Pakinga, Claire Winitana, Ra Smith, Lenis Davidson, Tania Mataki, Sheryl Gardyne, Te Whe Ariki Phillips, Benita Wakefield
Internet Mana Hone Harawira, Laila Harré, Annette Sykes, John Minto, Chris Yong, Miriam Pierard, Te Hāmua Nikora, David Currin, James Papali'i, Beverley Ballantine, Angeline Greensill, Gil Ho, Pat O'Dea, Pani Farvid, Makelisi Ngata, Patrick Salmon, Tangi Tipene, Roshni Sami, Joe Carolan, Callum Valentine, Sitaleki Finau, Grant Keinzley, Joe Trinder, Lois McClintock, Ariana Paretutanganui-Tamati, Robert Stewart, Lisa Gibson, Raymond Calver, Heleyni Pratley, Andrew LePine, Roger Fowler, Yvonne Dainty
ACT Jamie Whyte, Kenneth Wang, Robin Grieve, Beth Houlbrooke, Don Nicolson, Stephen Berry, Dasha Kovalenko, Gareth Veale, Ian Cummings, Sara Muti, Toni Severin, Phelan Pirrie, Stephen Fletcher, David Olsen, Nick Kearney, Sean Fitzpatrick, Richard Evans, Michael Milne, Ron Smith, Tim Kronfeld, Shane Atkinson, Mike Burrow, Bruce Carley, Tom Corbett, Alan Davidson, Tommy Fergusson, Paul Gilbert, James Gray, Shuan Grieve, Bruce Haycock, Paul Hufflett, Peter Juang, Duncan Lennox, Kath McCabe, Craig Nelson, Colin Nichols, Grae O'Sullivan, Joanne Reeder, Geoff Russell, John Thompson, Neil Wilson
Legalise Cannabis Julian Crawford, Abe Gray, Emma-Jane Kingi, Alistair Gregory, Jeffrey Lye, Richard Goode, Romana Manning, Rob Wilkinson, Jamie Dombroski, Sandy Mulqueen, Adrian McDermott, Ant Heath, Paul McMullan
United Future Alan Simmons, Damian Light, Sultan Eusoff, Ben Rickard, Jason Woolston, Dave Stonyer, Bryan Mockridge, Quentin Todd, James Maxwell, Sam Park
Ban 1080 Mike Downard, Bill Wallace, Peter Salter, James Veint, Glen Tomlinson, Patricia Cheel, Mike McClunie, John Burrill, Andy Blick
Democrats Stephnie de Ruyter, Chris Leitch, John Pemberton, Katherine Ransom, Warren Voight, Alida Steemson, Hessel van Wieren, Andrew Leitch, Jason Jobsis, James Knuckey, Carolyn McKenzie, Robin Columbus, Dick Ryan, Harry Alchin-Smith, Mischele Rhodes, Hahona Rakiri Tamati, Barry Pulford, Peter Adcock-White, Tracy Livingston, David Wilson, Huia Mitchell, John McCaskey, John Ring, Miriam Mowat, David Espin, Heather Marion Smith, Gary Gribben, Adrian Bayly, Tim Leitch, Ron England, Kelly Balsom, Errol Baird, Karl Hewlett, Kerry Balsom, Robert Richards
Civilian Ben Uffindell, Lucy-Jane Walsh, Marcus Gower, Michael Topp, Katie O'Neill, Harry Berger, Tim McLeod, Kim Downing
Independent Coalition Brendan Horan, Michael O'Neill, Pat Spellman, Joanne Rye-McGregor, Jack Keogh, Barjindar Singh, Karl Barkley, Wal Gordon, Rick Pollock, Giovanni Mollo
Focus Ken Rintoul, Les King, Terry Oakley, John Vujcich, Hayden Flintoff, Ranjit Singh, Julian Fairlie, Christie Gordon

Changes in MPs

In total, 23 new MPs were elected to Parliament and 4 former, non-sitting MPs returned. Eight MPs stood and were not re-elected.

In addition Bill English went from being an electorate MP to a list MP, while Kelvin Davis went from being a list MP to an electorate MP.

Among the new MPs was 24-year-old Todd Barclay, elected for National in Clutha-Southland, who became not only the youngest MP in the new Parliament, but also the first New Zealand MP to be born in the 1990s. As a comparison, he was only 4 months old when outgoing Clutha-Southland MP Bill English was first elected at the 1990 election.

New MPs

Darroch Ball, Todd Barclay, Andrew Bayly, Mahesh Bindra, Chris Bishop, Matthew Doocey, Sarah Dowie, Marama Fox, Peeni Henare, Brett Hudson, Barbara Kuriger, Clayton Mitchell, Todd Muller, Jono Naylor, Parmjeet Parmar, Shane Reti, Adrian Rurawhe, Jenny Salesa, Alastair Scott, David Seymour, James Shaw, Stuart Smith, Fletcher Tabuteau

Returning MPs

Ron Mark, Stuart Nash, Pita Paraone, Carmel Sepuloni

Defeated MPs

Carol Beaumont, Hone Harawira, Brendan Horan, Raymond Huo, Asenati Taylor, Moana Mackey, Maryan Street, Holly Walker (Electorate only, not the Green Party List)

Electoral expenses

The Electoral Commission released party electoral expense returns on 23 February 2015, stating how much each party spent on campaigning between 20 June and 19 September 2014. Candidate only expenses were excluded.[92]

Party Campaign expenditure Expenditure
per party vote
National $2,558,212 $2.26
Conservative $1,914,072 $19.95
Green $1,291,420 $5.02
Labour $1,269,299 $2.10
Internet Mana $1,008,926 $29.59
ACT $294,406 $17.64
NZ First $268,530 $1.29
Māori $202,562 $6.36
Independent Coalition $80,142 $91.91
Democrats $43,514 $25.15
Ban 1080 $32,376 $6.33
Focus $18,470 $28.90
United Future $1,995 $0.38
Legalise Cannabis $1,169 $0.11
Civilian $59 $0.05
Total/Average $8,985,158 $3.74

Post-election events

Leadership changes

On 30 September 2014, Labour leader David Cunliffe stepped down and forced a party leadership election. Andrew Little won leadership of the Labour Party,

Local by-elections

Two sitting mayors of local councils were elected: Jono Naylor (National) of Palmerston North City and Ron Mark (NZ First) of Carterton District. Both announced they would stand down as mayors if elected to Parliament, resulting in by-elections being called in Palmerston North and Carterton.

Nominations for the Palmerston North mayoral by-election close on 22 December 2014, with the by-election taking place on 10 February 2015 if needed.[93] Carterton's incumbent deputy mayor, John Booth, was elected mayor unopposed on 28 October 2014.[94]

Financial market reaction

Within an hour of the New Zealand Exchange opening on Monday 22 September, the headline NZX 50 Index jumped 1.27%, led by the country's five main electricity generator-retailers: Contact Energy, Genesis Energy, Meridian Energy, Mighty River Power and TrustPower. During the previous Parliament, the National Party partially privatised Genesis, Meridian and Mighty River, reducing the Crown's share from 100% to 51%. In response, the Labour and Green parties promised to reform the wholesale electricity market if elected, which would have provided cheaper retail prices by cutting how much generators could profit off their wholesale prices.[95]

Election offences

Under section 197(1g) of the Electoral Act 1993, it is illegal for any person to publish anything that may influence voters to vote in a particular way between 00:00 and 19:00 on election day. The rule applies equally to traditional media and social media, and those found breaking the rule can be fined up to $20,000. After the election, 24 people were caught out by the rule and referred to Police. Among those were former All Black Jonah Lomu, current All Black Israel Dagg, and Olympic rowing medallist Eric Murray, who were caught tweeting their support for the National Party during the gag period.[96]

A complaint was made against the Civilian Party for failure to include a promoter statement on their Facebook page as required by section 204F of the Electoral Act. Ben Uffindell, Party Leader, noted that the omission of the promoter statement was inadvertent and immediately placed a promoter statement onto the page after being instructed to do so by the Electoral Commission.

Notes

  1. ↑ For constituent Mana Party only
  2. ↑ The loss of one MP is due to sole Mana Party MP Hone Harawira losing his Te Tai Tokerau seat
  3. ↑ Change in comparison with the 2011 vote for the MANA Movement.

Further reading

References

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  2. ↑ Wong, Simon (7 October 2013). "Population growth leads to new electorate". 3 News NZ. Retrieved 7 October 2013.
  3. 1 2 "Enrolment statistics by electorate -- as at 20 September 2014". Electoral Commission. Retrieved 20 September 2014.
  4. 1 2 "Preliminary results for the 2014 general election". Electoral Commission. 21 September 2014. Retrieved 21 September 2014.
  5. ↑ "Advance voting statistics". Electoral Commission. Retrieved 20 September 2014.
  6. ↑ "Advance votes 2014 total with two days to go". The New Zealand Herald. 19 September 2014. Retrieved 19 September 2014.
  7. ↑ Rutherford, Hamish (4 October 2014). "National loses majority, Greens pick up one". Fairfax NZ News. Retrieved 4 October 2014.
  8. ↑ Davison, Issac (29 September 2014). "Dunne deal: United Future signs agreement with National-led govt". The New Zealand Herald. Retrieved 29 September 2014.
  9. ↑ Davison, Issac (29 September 2014). "Act deal: No portfolio for David Seymour". The New Zealand Herald. Retrieved 29 September 2014.
  10. ↑ Bennett, Adam (5 October 2014). "National signs deal with Maori Party". The New Zealand Herald. Retrieved 5 October 2014.
  11. ↑ O'Brien, Tova (21 September 2014). "Internet Mana fizzles out after poor result". 3 News NZ. Retrieved 28 September 2014.
  12. ↑ "New Zealand's National Party wins re-election". BBC News. Retrieved 20 September 2014.
  13. ↑ "Report of the Electoral Commission on the review of the MMP voting system" (PDF). Electoral Commission. 29 October 2012. Retrieved 7 December 2012.
  14. ↑ "Electoral (Adjustment of Thresholds) Amendment Bill -- Bills -- Legislation". New Zealand Parliament. 14 November 2013. Retrieved 24 September 2014.
  15. ↑ Audrey Young (14 May 2013). "Government rejects recommendations to change MMP system". New Zealand Herald. Retrieved 15 June 2014.
  16. ↑ "New Zealand Parliament - NZ First". Retrieved 20 September 2014.
  17. ↑ Rutherford, Hamish (10 March 2014). "Election date announced for September". Fairfax NZ News. Retrieved 19 September 2014.
  18. ↑ "New Zealand Election Results". Electoral Commission. Retrieved 4 December 2011.
  19. ↑ "Key dates in New Zealand electoral reform". Elections New Zealand. Retrieved 6 December 2011.
  20. ↑ James, Colin (14 June 2011). "John Key, modest constitutional innovator". Otago Daily Times. Retrieved 6 December 2011.
  21. ↑ "Today in Politics". 31 October 2013.
  22. ↑ Smellie, Pattrick (3 February 2014). "Key hints at election date". The New Zealand Herald. Retrieved 3 February 2013.
  23. ↑ "General election key dates". Electoral Commission (New Zealand). Retrieved 24 August 2014.
  24. ↑ "Governor General gives direction to conduct election and call for nominations". Electoral Commission. Electoral Commission New Zealand. 2014-08-20. Retrieved 2014-08-26. The Governor General has signed the writ directing the Electoral Commission to conduct the General Election on 20 September 2014.
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  26. ↑ Wong, Simon (7 October 2013). "Population growth leads to new electorate". 3 News NZ. Retrieved 27 October 2013.
  27. ↑ "New seats in electoral shake-up". Fairfax New Zealand. 21 November 2013. Retrieved 21 November 2013.
  28. 1 2 Small, Vernon (22 November 2013). "Bennett won't make way for Craig". The Dominion Post. p. A2. Retrieved 22 November 2013.
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  31. ↑ "Green MP Holly Walker stepping down". Stuff/Fairfax. 30 June 2014.
  32. ↑ "Darien Fenton not seeking re-election". 3 News. 2014-05-16. Retrieved 2014-05-17.
  33. ↑ Andrea Vance (2014-05-02). "MP Rajen Prasad to retire". Stuff.co.nz. Retrieved 2014-05-04.
  34. ↑ Ross Robertson (2013-06-11). "Ross Robertson to retire from Parliament and stand for Local Board | New Zealand Labour". Labour.org.nz. Retrieved 2013-11-01.
  35. ↑ NZN, NZN (2 July 2013). "Sharples retirement right choice: Key". Nnzcity.co.nz. Retrieved 1 November 2013.
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  37. ↑ Fox, Michael (3 December 2013). "Shane Ardern to retire". stuff.co.nz. Retrieved 3 December 2013.
  38. 1 2 Andrea Vance (2 October 2013). "National list MP Chris Auchinvole Stepping Down...". Stuff.co.nz. Retrieved 1 November 2013.
  39. ↑ "Nat MP Calder to retire at election". 3 News. 25 October 2013.
  40. ↑ Stacey Kirk (22 July 2014). "National MP Claudette Hauiti standing down". Stuff.co.nz. Retrieved 24 July 2014.
  41. ↑ Small, Vernon (18 January 2014). "Wairarapa MP Hayes calls time". The Dominion Post.
  42. ↑ Vance, Andrea (1 November 2013). "MP Phil Heatley to Retire". stuff.co.nz. Retrieved 1 November 2013.
  43. ↑ Davison, Isaac (8 April 2014). "Tau Henare retirement: 'It's been a hell of a lot of fun'". The New Zealand Herald. Retrieved 9 April 2014.
  44. ↑ Vance, Andrea (25 October 2013). "National MPs to retire". stuff.co.nz. Retrieved 28 October 2013.
  45. ↑ Cathie Bell (18 December 2013). "Kaikoura National Party members choose Stuart Smith". stuff.co.nz-Marlborough Express. Retrieved 13 March 2014.
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  48. ↑ Kirk, Stacey (27 February 2014). "Tony Ryall to retire". Stuff NZ (Fairfax). Retrieved 27 February 2014.
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  50. ↑ Conway, Glenn (7 November 2013). "Canterbury MP Kate Wilkinson quits". The Press. Retrieved 7 November 2013.
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  93. ↑ "Nominations now open for Mayoral candidates". Palmerston North City Council. 28 November 2014. Retrieved 7 December 2014.
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  96. ↑ "Jonah Lomu among stars referred to police over vote tweets". Fairfax NZ News. 4 November 2014. Retrieved 5 November 2014.

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