London mayoral election, 2016

London mayoral election, 2016
United Kingdom
5 May 2016
Turnout 45.3%
 
Candidate Sadiq Khan Zac Goldsmith
Party Labour Conservative
Popular vote 1,310,143 994,614
Percentage 56.9% 43.1%
Mayor before election

Boris Johnson
Conservative

 Elected Mayor

Sadiq Khan
Labour

The 2016 London mayoral election was held on 5 May 2016 to elect the Mayor of London, on the same day as the London Assembly election. The election was won by the Labour candidate Sadiq Khan who polled a record number of votes.

Mayor Boris Johnson chose not to stand for re-election for a third term in office, having been elected as the Conservative Party Member of Parliament (MP) for Uxbridge and South Ruislip at the 2015 general election, making this the first time since the inaugural election that the incumbent did not stand.[1]

Background

The outgoing Mayor of London, Boris Johnson

The position of Mayor of London was created in 2000 after a referendum in London.[2] The Mayor has a range of responsibilities covering policing, transport, housing, planning, economic development, arts, culture and the environment, controlling a budget of around £17 billion.[3] Mayors are elected for a period of four years, with no term limits.[4]

Prior to the 2016 election, there had been two Mayors since the position's creation. The outgoing mayor, Boris Johnson of the Conservative Party was elected as Mayor in 2008, defeating incumbent Labour Party mayor Ken Livingstone. Johnson was re-elected, again ahead of Livingstone, in the 2012 election.[5] Neither Livingstone nor Johnson stood in 2016, making it the first London mayoral election which Livingstone did not contest.[6]

Since the previous mayoral vote, Labour had taken the majority of London votes and seats at the 2015 General Election, despite the Conservative Party winning the vote nationally.[6] Other parties and independent candidates contested the election;[6] of these the United Kingdom Independence Party (UKIP) (8.1%), the Liberal Democrats (7.7%, 1 seat) and the Green Party (4.7%) were the most popular parties in London at the 2015 election.[7]

Electoral system

The election used a supplementary vote system, in which voters were invited to express a first and a second preference.[8]

This means that the winning candidate has the support of a majority of voters who expressed a preference among the top two.[9]

All registered electors (British, Irish, Commonwealth and European Union citizens) living in London who will be aged 18 or over on Thursday 5 May 2016 were entitled to vote in the mayoral election. Those who were temporarily away from London (for example, away working, on holiday, in student accommodation or in hospital) were also entitled to vote in the mayoral election. The deadline to register to vote in the election was midnight on Tuesday, 19 April 2016.[10] However, the Electoral Commission has warned that thousands of transient renters are not eligible to vote.[11]

Candidates and their selection processes

The elected Mayor will govern Greater London
London Mayoral Election 2016 Candidates
Party Candidate
Green Party of England and Wales Siân Berry
British National Party David Furness
Respect Party George Galloway
Britain First Paul Golding
Conservative Party Zac Goldsmith
Cannabis Is Safer Than Alcohol Lee Harris
Labour Party Sadiq Khan
One Love Party Ankit Love
Liberal Democrats Caroline Pidgeon
Women's Equality Party Sophie Walker
UK Independence Party Peter Whittle
Independent John Zylinski

The nomination period for mayoral candidates was from 21 to 31 March 2016. Confirmation of candidates occurred after nominations formally closed. Among other requirements, candidates had to be over 18, submit the signatures of 330 supporters (ten from each borough), a £10,000 deposit which is returned if the candidate gets more than 5% of first choice votes, and not have been sentenced to a prison term of three months or more in the previous five years.[12] The full list of candidates was released on 1 April 2016, though many parties had gone through extensive selection processes prior to this.[13]

Conservative Party

Zac Goldsmith, Conservative candidate

Seven people registered to be candidates for the Conservative Party.[14] Of these, three candidates were eliminated: Philippa Roe, leader of Westminster City Council; Ivan Massow, financial services entrepreneur, gay rights campaigner, and media personality; and Sol Campbell, former England football player.[15] Four nominees went into a primary, registration to which was open to anyone in London who is on the electoral roll.[16] The candidate was announced on 2 October to be Zac Goldsmith, journalist, author and MP for Richmond Park.[17][18] The defeated nominees were: Andrew Boff, leader of the Conservative Party in the London Assembly;[14] Stephen Greenhalgh, businessman and Deputy Mayor for Policing and Crime;[14] and Syed Kamall, academic, Chairman of the European Conservatives and Reformists, and an MEP for London.[14]

Election Political result Candidate Party Votes % ±%
Conservative Party Candidate Selection [19]
Turnout: 9,227		Conservative Zac Goldsmith selected as
Candidate for Mayor of London
Majority: 5,037 (54.6%) 		Zac GoldsmithConservative6,51470.6
Syed Kamall Conservative1,47716.0
Stephen Greenhalgh Conservative8649.4
Andrew Boff Conservative3724.0

Goldsmith, a member of the prominent Goldsmith family, grew up in Ham, London. His early career was spent working in think-tanks and for The Ecologist magazine, of which he was editor from 2000 until 2006.[20][21] He left The Ecologist in 2006 when he became deputy chairman of the Conservative Party's Quality of Life Policy Group,[21] and he was subsequently elected as Conservative MP for Richmond Park at the 2010 general election. Goldsmith is a social and economic liberal,[22] arguing for a small state with direct democracy.[23] An environmentalist, Goldsmith opposes expansion of Heathrow and has vowed to continue investment in public transport.[24] He is in favour of "right-to-buy" schemes for buying homes, and wants to expand housing stock through high-density, low-rise construction.[24] He is a Eurosceptic and announced he supports leaving the European Union.[25][26] Goldsmith's aristocratic background has been commented on, particularly in contrast to Khan's working-class roots, though some have suggested this may give Goldsmith an advantage.[27]

Labour Party

Sadiq Khan, Labour candidate

Eight politicians registered an interest in becoming the Labour Party candidate, of whom two—Keran Kerai, Labour Party member in Harrow East and Neeraj Patil, former Mayor of Lambeth and former Lambeth Borough Councillor for Larkhall Ward—were not shortlisted.[28] Between 14 August and 10 September, affiliated and registered supporters and members of the Labour Party in London voted for their preferred candidate.[28] The winning candidate was Sadiq Khan, with 59% of the vote.[29] He defeated: Diane Abbott, former Shadow Minister for Public Health, candidate for leader in 2010 and MP for Hackney North and Stoke Newington;[28] Tessa Jowell, former Olympics Minister and former MP for Dulwich and West Norwood;[28] David Lammy, former Universities Minister and MP for Tottenham;[28] Gareth Thomas, Shadow Foreign Office Minister, Chair of the Co-operative Party and MP for Harrow West; and Christian Wolmar, journalist, author, and railway historian.[28]

Khan was elected to Parliament as MP for Tooting at the 2005 general election, having previously worked as a Human rights lawyer.[30] After being the campaign manager for Ed Miliband in the latter's successful bid to become Labour Party leader,[31] Khan was appointed to the Shadow Cabinet as Shadow Secretary of State for Justice in 2010, a post from which he resigned after the 2015 General Election and Miliband's resignation as Labour leader.[32]

Labour Party Candidate Selection[33]
Candidate Round 1 Round 2 Round 3 Round 4 Round 5
Votes Percent Votes Percent Votes Percent Votes Percent Votes Percent
Sadiq Khan 32,926
 37.5% 33,141
 37.8% 34,813
 40.0% 38,440
 44.7% 48,151Green tick
 58.9%
Tessa Jowell 26,121
 29.7% 26,406
 30.1% 27,272
 31.3% 29,785
 34.6% 33,575Red X
 41.1%
Diane Abbott 14,798
16.8% 14,957
17.0% 15,878
 18.2% 17,849Red X
 20.7%
David Lammy 8,225
9.4% 8,392
9.6% 9,147Red X
 10.5%
Christian Wolmar 4,729
 5.4% 4,927Red X
 5.6%
Gareth Thomas 1,055Red X
 1.2%

Khan's selection as a candidate was seen as part of a wider move towards the left in Labour that emerged during the leadership election that followed Miliband's resignation.[29] Key policies that Khan has proposed include a London 'living rent';[34] a quota system for ethnic minority officers in the Metropolitan Police;[35] increased home building;[36] and a campaign for a London Living Wage.[37] Commentators raised Khan's Muslim religion as a potential barrier to election, after a poll (not mentioning Khan by name) suggested that 31% of Londoners would be 'uncomfortable' with a Muslim mayor.[38] Khan, who was London's first Muslim MP, argued that the election of a Muslim could encourage London to become recognised as a more cosmopolitan city.[38] While Khan previously stated that he would serve a full term as MP for Tooting if he were to become Mayor of London,[39] he has since said he would stand down as MP for Tooting if he was elected Mayor.[40]

Green Party

Green Party candidate Siân Berry

Baroness Jenny Jones, the Green party's candidate in 2012, and Natalie Bennett, leader of the Green Party of England and Wales, both declined to stand for the Green nomination.[41] Six candidates were shortlisted for the nomination,[41][42] with Siân Berry, the party's candidate in 2008, selected by London-based members of the Green Party.[43] Unsuccessful nominees were Jonathan Bartley (candidate for Streatham in the 2015 general election, co-founder of Ekklesia, and Work and Pensions Spokesperson for the Green Party);[41] Tom Chance (candidate for Lewisham West and Penge in the 2015 general election and Housing Spokesperson for the Greens);[41] Benali Hamdach (Equalities Spokesperson for the Green Party, and former NHS researcher);[41] Rashid Nix (a Camera operator and candidate for Dulwich and West Norwood in the 2015 general election;[41] and Caroline Russell (Islington Borough Councillor for Highbury East Ward since 2014 and clean air campaigner).[41]

Election Political result Candidate Party Votes % ±%
Green Party Candidate Selection [44]
Turnout: 1,890 (16.4%)		Green Siân Berry selected as
Candidate for Mayor of London
Majority: ~686 (36.3%) 		Siân BerryGreen~94349.9
Jonathan Bartley Green~25713.6
Caroline Russell Green~25113.3
Rashid Nix Green~20410.8
Tom Chance Green~1598.4
Benali Hamdache Green~723.8
Re-open Nominations Green~40.2

Berry joined the Green Party aged 28, becoming a prominent green transport campaigner.[45][46] She was Principal Speaker of the Green Party from 2006–07, before becoming the Green candidate for the 2008 mayoral election.[47] Having first stood for election at Camden Borough Council, where she lives, in 2002, she was elected to the council in May 2014.[48] Having had a variety of jobs,[47] she is now primarily an author as well as working for the Campaign for Better Transport.[48] Berry has made increasing affordable housing a key policy area in her mayoral campaign,[45] through brownfield building, capping rents and preventing foreign businesses from purchasing homes.[49] Her aim is to prioritise sustainability oriented policies over those which seek economic growth.[50]

Liberal Democrats

Caroline Pidgeon, Liberal Democrat candidate

The Liberal Democrats opened their selection process on 8 June 2015. Applications were due by noon on 22 June 2015[51] and six potential nominees stood to be candidates.[52] Four of these were not shortlisted: Brian Haley, a former Labour councillor in Haringey, he unsuccessfully stood for the Liberal Democrat candidacy in 2012; Teena Lashmore, a criminologist, community activist and Liberal Democrat candidate in Bethnal Green and Bow at the 2015 general election; Marisha Ray, a former councillor in Islington; and Paul Reynolds, former councillor.[52][53] Of the remaining candidates, Duwayne Brooks OBE, former councillor in Lewisham, subsequently withdrew due to his commitments to a review of police stop and search powers.[53] This left Caroline Pidgeon, leader of the Liberal Democrats on the London Assembly,[54][55] as the only remaining candidate. She was selected, winning 90% of the 3669 votes on a 39% turnout, against the option to Re-Open Nominations,[56][57] as announced on 17 September 2015.[58]

Pidgeon graduated from the University College of Wales, Aberystwyth in 1994, moving to London to work in local government and later for the NHS.[59] She was elected as a councillor in Southwark in 1998, where she served until being elected to the London Assembly in 2008.[59] She became leader of the Liberal Democrat assembly group, a position she held after their number was reduced to just 2 in the 2012 London Assembly Election,[60] the same year in which she was awarded an MBE for public service.[61] Pidgeon has promised to focus on housing, affordable childcare, air pollution and public transport.[62] She has emphasised the need to ensure that workers can live in the city by using rent control and reducing public transport costs.[62]

UK Independence Party

The UKIP candidate was chosen via a selection committee, contrasting with previous Mayoral candidate selections that had been chosen by London-based party members.[63] While the supposed favourite for selection among party members was Suzanne Evans, UKIP Deputy Chairman, former Interim Leader, Welfare Spokesman and candidate for Shrewsbury and Atcham in the 2015 general election,[64] press such as The Spectator speculated that the decision had been moved to a committee to allow for the selection of leader Nigel Farage's preferred candidate, Peter Whittle, Culture Spokesman and candidate for Eltham in the 2015 general election.[63][64] UKIP claimed that the changed selection process was intended to produce a candidate with the potential for receiving the most votes.[63] Whittle was eventually selected, and announced as the candidate at the UKIP party conference on 26 September 2015.[65][66] No shortlist was released but others who had stated their intention to stand had included: Alan Craig, former Leader of and Mayoral candidate in 2008 for the Christian Peoples Alliance, and UKIP candidate for Brent North in the 2015 general election;[67] Peter Harris, candidate for Dagenham and Rainham in the 2015 general election;[67] Richard Hendron, LGBT activist and candidate for Brentford and Isleworth in the 2015 general election;[64][68] Elizabeth Jones, candidate for Dartford in the 2015 general election;[42] David Kurten, candidate for Camberwell and Peckham in the 2015 general election;[69] Winston McKenzie, perennial candidate and UKIP candidate for Croydon North in the 2015 general election;[42] and Shneur Odze, former Hackney councillor.[70]

Whittle was born in Peckham, before studying at the University of Kent.[71] He worked in journalism, before founding the New Culture Forum think-tank in 2006.[65] He became UKIP's cultural spokesperson in 2013[66] and stood for Eltham a the 2015 general election, receiving 15% of the vote.[71] Whittle is the only openly-LGBT candidate currently selected by any party as a Mayor of London candidate.[72] Whittle supports the UK's exit from the European Union, and believes that this would not damage London's financial industries.[65] He has pledged to work to ensure that workers can afford to live in London, and opposes further expansion of Heathrow Airport.[65]

Other candidates

Withdrawn candidates

Several independents or candidates from minor parties announced ano intention to stand but did not appear on the final list of nominees. The candidate with the highest profile was Winston McKenzie, who was selected as a candidate by the English Democrats. He had run as an independent in 2008 and had sought the UKIP nomination for 2016.[90] In January 2016, McKenzie appeared on the reality TV show Celebrity Big Brother described as the English Democrats candidate,[91] but was not nominated for the election. McKenzie submitted nomination forms, but they were rejected for being incomplete and containing "duplicate signatures".[92] On 8 April 2016 it was confirmed that McKenzie would be standing in a borough council by-election in Croydon to be held on the same day as the mayoral election.[93]

Other candidates who were reported to be intending to stand but did not later appear on the nomination list include Jonathan Silberman for the Communist League,[94] and independent candidate Rosalind Readhead.[13][95] Lindsey Garrett was announced for Something New,[96] but later withdrew.[97]

Debates

The BBC debate on April 18th between the five leading candidates was chaired by Andrew Neil

A series of debates, hustings and other events were arranged over the course of the campaign. The first major debate was hosted by the LSE on 28 January and attended by Berry, Goldsmith, Khan, Pidgeon and Whittle.[98] Housing and transport were major topics of the debate, with Martin Hosick of MayorWatch impressed by the performances of Pidgeon and Whittle.[99] Through February and early March a series of sponsored debates on key topics took place, including two on housing,[100][101] one on technology,[102] and one covering green issues.[103]

The next broad debate, with the same five candidates as the LSE debate, in the campaign came on LBC on 22 March.[104] Khan and Goldsmith were accused of immature insults when discussing Goldsmith's plan to allow electric cars to use bus lanes[105] During April, further debates occurred, with the first on 12 April a head-to-head between Goldsmith and Khan on behalf of City A.M..[106] The issue of Goldsmith's campaign was raised, with Khan accusing Goldsmith of running a negative campaign and Goldsmith accusing Khan of hiding behind the label of Islamophobia.[107] The topics of housing, transport and job-creation were all key points in the debate.[108] The BBC hosted a debate with the five major candidates broadcast on BBC One in London on April 18. The Guardian noted an absence of any clear winner, with Khan and Goldsmith focused on each other, Berry and Pidgeon offering very similar policies and Whittle distinct but with no chance of victory.[109] Similarly, The Spectator said that there had been a lukewarm response to policy statements from all candidates.[110] A second head to head took place on 21 April chaired by Kirsty Wark at the Royal Geographical Society on behalf of the Evening Standard.[111] Once again, housing, security and transport were key themes in the debate.[111]

Media endorsements

London Evening Standard Conservative[112]
New Statesman Labour[113]
The Daily Telegraph Conservative[114]
Morning Star Labour[115]
The Guardian Labour[116]

Campaign

Before October 2015

Early campaigning began with the process of major parties selecting candidates, after the 2015 General Election. The first party candidate to be announced was Lindsey Garrett of the Something New party on 18 May,[96] though she later decided not to stand.[117] The major parties all parties declared candidates in September.[42] Early issues that were highlighted by multiple candidates included:[118]

Early Campaign: October 2015 – February 2016

Transport costs on London's Underground system (pictured) were a key early issue in the campaign

The final polls from before the announcement of candidates gave Labour a four-point lead over the Conservative Party.[140] From early in the campaign, the contest has been presumed to be between the Labour and Conservative party candidates, with both expected to comfortably reach the second round of voting.[141] While Zac Goldsmith – who was the last of the main candidates to be announced, on 3 October 2015 – was widely anticipated to be the Conservative candidate,[142] Khan's selection was more of a surprise.[143]

The first months of the campaign were dominated by the heightened terrorist threat in London, following a series of successful and planned attacks by Islamic State in 2015, particularly the November 2015 Paris attacks and a lone knife attack at Leytonstone tube station in on 6 December.[144] Khan's comments on how British Muslims might respond to the Paris attacks raised positive comments from both supporters and opponents.[145][146] A subsequent leaflet distributed by Goldmsith's campaign team described Khan as "divisive and radical”, comments that Labour claimed were an attempt to associate Khan with radical Islam.[147][148] The Conservative Party rejected the accusation, claiming that Khan was "playing the race card".[149]

Elsewhere in the campaign, transport remained a major issue. David Cameron's deferral in December 2015 of a decision on plans for a third runway at Heathrow Airport until after the election was interpreted as an attempt to avoid a clash with Goldsmith, his party's candidate, on the issue.[150] Caroline Pidgeon and Siân Berry both promised changes to the fares system to reduce commuter costs on the Tube,[151] while Khan and incumbent Conservative mayor Boris Johnson clashed over planned Tube strikes.[152] An early January 2016 poll gave Khan a 10-point lead over Goldsmith,[153] with bookmakers and pundits all favouring a Khan victory, though most agreed that the race was still open.[154] Towards the end of January, provisional English Democrats candidate Winston McKenzie appeared on reality TV show Celebrity Big Brother, quickly being voted off and causing over 400 complaints to Ofcom following his negative comments about homosexuality.[91]

In February, five candidates – Caroline Pidgeon, Peter Whittle, Sadiq Khan, Sian Berry and Zac Goldsmith – appeared in a debate on issues surrounding technology and science at the Queen Elizabeth Olympic Park.[102] Key topics to emerge included the conflict between traditional London Black Cabs and Uber, and the role of the EU in shaping the British technological industry.[102] A few days later, a referendum on the UK's membership of the EU was announced for 23 June, the campaigning for which will intersect with the mayoral election.[155] Alongside Whittle, whose UKIP party was founded with the aim of securing the UK's departure from the EU,[156] both Goldsmith and outgoing mayor Boris Johnson announced their intention to campaign to leave the EU, in defiance of their party leader, Prime Minister David Cameron.[157][158] By contrast, Khan, Pidgeon and Berry all declared their support for remaining in the EU.[159][160] George Eaton of the New Statesman noted that research from the British Election Survey had found that voters in London typically showed more support for the EU than voters in the UK as a whole.[158]

Official Campaign: March – May 2016

In a letter intended for London's Hindu and Sikh populations, Goldsmith accused Khan, a Muslim, of wanting a "wealth tax on family jewellery."[161][162] The letters formed part of what Khan's campaign said was a racist campaigning strategy from Goldsmith,[163][164] with Goldsmith claiming that Khan was a dangerous and "deeply partisan politician".[163]

March polls for both YouGov and Comres showed Khan retaining his lead over Goldsmith, though by a reduced 3 percentage points in the Comres poll and an increased 7 points in the YouGov poll.[165][166] The Comres poll also showed Khan leading in a run-off[165] while neither poll gave any other candidates more than 6% of the first round votes. Both polls suggested that the race remained close, with the number of undecided voters comfortably larger than Khan's lead over Goldsmith.[163] Meanwhile, Londonist criticised both Goldsmith and Khan for "sending substitutes" instead of appearing at hustings events across London.[162] The official campaign began on 21 March, when nominations formally opened.[167] The confirmed list of candidates was released on 1 April, revealing that 12 people in total had secured the support and financing required for a nomination.[13]

Khan's manifesto launch came early in the official campaign period, on 9 March. Focusing on housing, Khan promised for database of landlords who had been prosecuted for housing-related offences, as well as the creation of a Mayor-controlled non-for-profit letting agency.[168] He pledged a freeze on rail fares [168] and a series of measures to tackle gender inequality, including a zero-tolerance policing approach to domestic and sexual violence, publishing a gender pay audit of City Hall, and an attempt to make childcare more affordable by awarding key worker status to employees in the industry.[169] In early April, Berry and Pidgeon both released their manifestos, with both focused on housing.[170][171] Goldsmith's manifesto was one of the last to be released, on 12 April.[172] He focused on the economy, promising that his house and infrastructure building policies would help create 500,000 jobs.[172] He also promised a freeze on mayoral council tax and increased police numbers.[172] Green issues were also a core part of his agenda,[173] with new traffic regulations to encourage cleaner vehicles and the creation of new pocket parks.[172]

Through April, the personal battle between Goldsmith and Khan continued to dominate the campaign, with Goldsmith's campaign repeatedly accused of racist or islamophobic campaigning,[174][175] an accusation that they strongly denied.[174] Other candidates struggled to gain publicity and none of the major candidates were able to differentiate themselves significantly on policy.[110] On April 22, a YouGov poll saw Khan stretch his lead over Goldsmith to 11 points in the first round, with Whittle, Berry and Pidgeon remaining very close to each other but some 25 points further behind Goldsmith, and Khan leading Goldsmith with 60% to 40% in the final round of voting.[176] On April 29, comments by Labour MP Naz Shah and former Labour Mayor of London Ken Livingstone led to both being accused of anti-semitism. Livingstone had been a close ally of Khan, who quickly distanced himself from the comments before Livingstone was suspended from the Labour Party.[177] A poll released on the same day showed Khan leading Goldsmith by 20 points in the second round of voting, with no other candidates on more than 5% in the first round.[178] In the final week of the campaign, minor candidate Prince Zylinksi endorsed Goldsmith.[179]

Election and count

Election day, 5 May 2016, was affected by confusion in the London Borough of Barnet, as an undetermined number of the borough's 236,196 voters were turned away from polling stations owing to an error with the electoral lists.[180] The first registers delivered to the polling station contained only those voters who registered since January 2016. Polls opened at 8am and the problem was not rectified until 10.30am.[180] The count began on Friday 6 May taking place at three locations across the capital.[181] The declaration, made at City Hall [181] was delayed following "discrepancies" with the initial count of votes, in which hundreds of votes were reportedly misallocated.[182]

Opinion polls

In the run up to the election, several polling organisations will carry out public opinion polling in regard to voting intentions. Results of these polls are displayed below. Some polls are reported excluding undecideds, while for others, they are reported as a separate group.

2016
Date Firm Sample Size First Round Second Round
Goldsmith Khan Berry Pidgeon Whittle Galloway Others Goldsmith Khan
26 Apr-1 May [n 1] Opinium 1,004 26% 35% 4% 4% 4% <1% 2% 43% 57%
21-25 Apr Survation 1,010 34% 49% 3% 3% 5% 2% 4% 40% 60%
15 Apr-19 Apr YouGov 1,017 32% 48% 6% 5% 7% <1% 2% 40% 60%
30 Mar-3 Apr ComRes 1,049 37% 44% 4% 7% 5% 2% 1% 45% 55%
30 Mar-3 Apr [n 2] Opinium 1,015 27% 35% 2% 3% 3% <1% <1% 46% 54%
14-17 Mar ComRes 1,011 39% 42% 6% 6% 5% 1% 1% 47% 53%
8-10 Mar [n 3] YouGov 1,031 36% 45% 4% 5% 7% 2% 1% N/A N/A
2–7 Mar [n 4] Opinium 1,011 26% 31% 2% 2% 2% <1% - 45% 55%
4-6 Jan YouGov 1,156 35% 45% 5% 4% 6% 2% 2% 45% 55%

2015

Date(s)
conducted 		Polling organisation/client Sample size Conservatives Labour Greens Lib Dems UKIP Others
18–21 November 2015[n 5] YouGov 1,008 24% 26% 3% 3% 4% 2%
16–24 September 2015 ICM 2,006 36% 40% 6% 6% 7% 1%
17 August 2015 Survation 1,000 35% 44% 6% 5% 7% 3%
8 June–12 August 2015 YouGov 3,436 38% 42% 4% 5% 9% 1%

Results

An initial announcement of first round results was made at around 8pm, with Khan on 44.2% of the vote. [182] However, this count was later retracted, with official results delayed pending errors in counting "hundreds" of votes. Khan is still projected to win the race comfortably. [182]

Mayor of London election 5 May 2016
Party Candidate 1st Round % 2nd Round Total  First Round Votes  Transfer Votes 
Labour Sadiq Khan 1,148,716 44.2% 161,427 1,310,143
​ ​
Conservative Zac Goldsmith 909,755 35.0% 84,859 994,614
​ ​
Green Siân Berry 150,673 5.8%
​ ​
Liberal Democrat Caroline Pidgeon 120,005 4.6%
​ ​
UKIP Peter Whittle 94,373 3.6%
​ ​
Women's Equality Sophie Walker 53,055 2.0%
​ ​
Respect George Galloway 37,007 1.4%
​ ​
Britain First Paul Golding 31,372 1.2%
​ ​
CISTA Lee Harris 20,537 0.8%
​ ​
BNP David Furness 13,325 0.5%
​ ​
Independent Prince Zylinski 13,202 0.5%
​ ​
One Love Ankit Love 4,941 0.2%
​ ​
Labour gain from Conservative

Notes

  1. ↑ Poll does not re-allocate those not expressing a preference for their first choice vote. 19% of respondents were undecided, while 7% would not vote. The second round polling is based on a forced choice question between Goldsmith and Khan.
  2. ↑ Poll does not re-allocate those not expressing a preference for their first choice vote. 24% of respondents were undecided, while 6% would not vote. The second round polling is based on a forced choice question between Goldsmith and Khan.
  3. ↑ Second round voting intention not asked
  4. ↑ Poll does not re-allocate those not expressing a preference for their first choice vote. 25% of respondents were undecided, while 10% would not vote. The second round polling is based on a forced choice question between Goldsmith and Khan.
  5. ↑ Poll does not re-allocate those not expressing a preference for a candidate – 32% of respondents were undecided and 5% answered that they would not vote. Of those voters expressing a preference for a candidate, the proportions supporting each candidate/party would be in the following ranges (the bounds of the ranges are rounded to the nearest integer): Con 37–40%, Lab 40–43%, Green 4–6%, LD 4–6%, UKIP, 5–7%, Others 2–4%

References

  1. ↑ "London mayor election 2016: who will replace Boris Johnson?". The Week. 19 August 2015. Retrieved 21 August 2015.
  2. ↑ Assinder, Nick (8 May 1998). "Overwhelming vote for mayor". BBC News. Retrieved 26 August 2015.
  3. ↑ "What the Mayor of London and the London Assembly Do". London Elects. Retrieved 26 August 2015.
  4. ↑ "Q&A: London mayoral and London Assembly elections 2012". BBC News. 29 March 2012. Retrieved 26 August 2015.
  5. ↑ "Johnson wins London mayoral race". BBC News. 3 May 2008. Retrieved 21 August 2015.
  6. 1 2 3 Hill, Dave (14 May 2015). "Can Labour be stopped from winning back the London mayoralty?". The Guardian. Retrieved 21 August 2015.
  7. ↑ Baston, Lewis (11 May 2015). "Labour Gains, Lib Dem Losses: Centre For London Analyses Our New Political Landscape". The Londonist. Retrieved 21 August 2015.
  8. ↑ "How to Vote". London Elects. Retrieved 21 August 2015.
  9. ↑ Elledge, Jonnk (2 May 2012). "London Elections: How The Voting System Works". The Londonist. Retrieved 21 August 2015.
  10. ↑ "How to Register to Vote". London Elects. Retrieved 21 August 2015.
  11. ↑ Kristy, Major (May 4, 2016). "Thousands of London renters won't be able to vote this week - and it's Labour who will suffer". The Independent. Retrieved May 4, 2016.
  12. ↑ "Nominations". London Elects. Retrieved 28 September 2015.
  13. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 "Who you can vote for". London Elects. Retrieved 1 April 2016.
  14. 1 2 3 4 "2016 London Mayoral Election". Conservative Party. 13 July 2015. Retrieved 21 August 2015.
  15. ↑ Singleton, David (25 July 2015). "London mayoral dream over for Sol Campbell as Tories say no thanks". Total Politics. Retrieved 21 August 2015.
  16. ↑ "Conservative London Mayoral Selection". Conservative Party. Retrieved 21 August 2015.
  17. ↑ Goldsmith ran a postal ballot, at his own cost, of his Richmond Park constituency, asking the electorate whether they consent to him standing. He said he would not stand if the ballot result was no, but the eventual result was 79% yes to 18% no, clearing the way for his candidacy
    "Zac Goldsmith's electorate back mayor bid". BBC News. 23 June 2015. Retrieved 23 June 2015.
  18. ↑ "Zac Goldsmith chosen as Conservative London mayoral candidate". BBC News. 2 October 2015. Retrieved 2 October 2015.
  19. ↑ Hosick, Martin (2 October 2015). "London Tories confirm Zac Goldsmith as 2016 mayoral runner". Mayor Watch. Retrieved 2010-02-10.
  20. ↑ Vidal, Jon (7 November 2002). "Can Zac save the planet?". The Guardian. Retrieved 2 October 2015.
  21. 1 2 Tempest, Matthew (17 January 2006). "Green brief makes Goldsmith loosen reins at Ecologist". The Guardian. Retrieved 2 October 2015.
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