Ahmed al-Assir

Shiekh Ahmed Al-Assir
Born (1968-05-05) 5 May 1968[1]
Sidon, Lebanon[1]
Nationality Lebanese
Occupation Cleric
Religion Islam
Denomination Salafi

Ahmed Al-Assir is Lebanese Salafi extremist, a Radical Cleric, and former Imam of the Bilal Bin Rabah Mosque in Sidon, South Lebanon. With his increasing involvement in regional politics after the Syrian Civil War began and his interaction with the media, he has become a famous personality in Lebanon's current political landscape. Al-Assir is a Salafi.[2][3][4] He frequently agitates against Iran and the Lebanese resistance group, Hezbollah, whom he accuses of being a threat to the fragile sectarian balance and democracy of Lebanon.[5]

After being a wanted fugitive for years, Al-Assir was detained on Saturday August 15, 2015 by Lebanese General Security officials while attempting to flee to Egypt using a forged passport in Beirut International Airport.[6] Upon his capture, it was revealed that Al-Assir had undergone physical changes in appearance and attire; with a shaved beard and new clothing style and facial modifications suggesting the use of plastic surgery.[7]

Background

Al-Assir hailed is from a mixed background - his mother is a Shia from the south of Lebanon, and his father is a Sunni from Sidon.[8] He came from a non-religious artistic home, but later convinced his father not to play music. He has two wives and three children. According to one of his sisters, he was once a supporter of Hezbollah,[9] but withdrew his support when Hezbollah and the Lebanese Shiite withdrew their focus from Israel and begun to exert excessive force on the delicate sectarian balance of Lebanon.[10]

Assir's notoriety increased after a series of sermons and public exhibitions criticizing Hezbollah, a once untouchable symbol in the Lebanese political landscape. He also caused controversy by openly criticizing figures within the militia such as secretary general and spokesperson Sayed Hassan Nasrallah. Many of his speeches are critical of Hezbollah's, Iran's and the Arab Baath Party's support for Syrian President Bashar Al-Asad.[11] Assir has stated that he is only against Shias that follow the teachings of Khomeini.[12] Assir has attempted to become a leader of the Sunnis of Lebanon, without success.[13] Currently he is not considered a mainstream Sunni Scholar; however, his aggressive and emotional rhetoric against Hezbollah's intervention in Syria has gained him headlines and controversy, along with attracting many supporters and followers disillusioned with the traditionally Sunni Future Movement party and the leadership of Saad Hariri.[14][15]

2012 sit-ins

In August 2012, Al-Assir and his supporters staged a sit in in the southern city of Sidon to protest against Hezbollah's weaponry.[16] This led to tensions, and later clashes between Assir-supporters and members of the Popular Nasserist Organization.[17][18] An AFP photographer was beaten by security forces during the clashes.[19] The following day, counter-protests were held by members of the PNO.[17]

On 8 August, a gunfight between supporters and rivals of Assir wounded five, including two women.[20]

Military Clashes

2012 Sidon clash

On November 11, 2012, three people were killed and four others wounded after supporters of Assir clashed with supporters of Hezbollah in the southern city of Sidon.[21][22] Assir stated "We have a blood score to settle with Hezbollah that can only be settled with blood", and that he considered forming an "armed resistance group" to defend Lebanon from Israel as he believed that Hezbollah's weapons had now been pointed internally.[23]

Syrian civil war

In April 2013, Assir urged his followers to join the Syrian rebels by claiming that "There is now no other choice but to defend our (Sunni) people in Syria," and assuring that "There is a religious duty on every Muslim who is able to do so... to enter into Syria in order to defend its people, its mosques and religious shrines, especially in Qusayr and Homs," adding that "This fatwa (religious decree) affects us all, especially those who have military experience." Assir also announced the establishment of "Free resistance battalions" in Sidon.[4] Such announcements came after there was enough evidence that Hezbollah militias had been involved in Syria who were fighting alongside Bashar's army.

Assir crossed the Syrian border with some of his followers to combat against Syrian government troops and Hezbollah fighters near Qusayr. Footage emerged of Assir patrolling in combat gear with an AK-47, and of him firing a machine gun from a roof.[3]

2013 Sidon clashes

In June 2013, clashes broke out in an eastern suburb of Sidon after several people attacked, threw stones and shattered windows in a car belonging to Assir's brother, Amjad al-Assir. Assir then gave Hezbollah a one-week ultimatum to vacate apartments occupied by the group's supporters in the mostly Sunni city, as clashes broke out with gunmen wielding automatic rifles and rocket-propelled grenades. Officials stated that the gunmen fighting Assir's followers were believed to be Hezbollah sympathizers.[24]

Lebanese army troops deployed in the area of the fighting, which subsided after several hours. The military called on gunmen loyal to Assir to withdraw immediately from the streets whilst ignoring the presence of Hezbollah gunmen.

A group of Assir's followers were believed to stage armed attacks on several civil apartments in Saida, which were reportedly identified as Hezbollah offices. Some Lebanese saw the attacks as highlights of a series of provocations initiated by Saudi and Qatar-backed Sunni fundamentalists whilst many others believed Iran was the real reason for the provocations.

On June 23, 2013, according to news channels loyal to Hezbollah said that 10 Lebanese Army soldiers were killed and 35 wounded in a clash with armed men loyal to Assir, in Sidon at an Army post near the Abra complex that houses the Bilal bin Rabah Mosque.[25] Other Lebanese news channels denied this and accused Hezbollah militias of being involved. Violence started when gun fire that came from the apartments containing Hezbollah militiamen aimed at both the Lebanese army and Assir supporters, prompting a deadly attack on an army checkpoint. Roads were later blocked in other parts of the country, and the army came under fire in the Ain el-Hilweh camp.[26]

During 23–24 June 2013, heavy street fighting erupted between the Lebanese Army and gunmen loyal to Assir in Sidon as they were accused of provoking the attack. Sixteen Lebanese soldiers, thirteen Assir supporters and approximately 4 Hezbollah militants were killed.[27] A bodyguard of a cleric, who tried to reach the fighting to negotiate a ceasefire, also died.[28] More than 100 Lebanese soldiers were wounded,[29] as well as 13 pro-Assir militants.[30] The Lebanese army requested for the country's politicians to intervene.[31] On Monday June 24, 2013, Lebanese Army commandos seized a complex controlled by gunmen loyal to Assir in the southern city of Sidon, shortly after he fled the premises to an unknown destination.

Assir reportedly fled the complex at around 10 a.m., shortly after the Army stormed the premises which the military gradually gained control over throughout the day. Sources said soldiers were still trading gunfire with snipers located on the rooftops of nearby buildings. Sixty-five gunmen, including several Palestinian and Syrian refugees, reportedly either surrendered or were captured by Army units during the raid on the complex. Lebanon's military prosecutor issued arrest warrants against Assir and 123 of his followers. The warrants included the names of Assir's brother, and singer Fadl Shaker, who gave up his singing career to follow the sheikh.

The raid on the compound at noon came after an attempt by a group of Salafi preachers to mediate a truce reached a dead end, with the Army determined to continue its operations. There is no factual basis for the claim that Assir was captured and his followers crushed.[32] His fate remains unknown, however, the army is treating the matter as a capture or kill operation on the basis that they believe it was only Assir that killed Lebanese soldiers in "cold blood", according to a military statement.[15][33][34]

Military Court prosecution

In February 2014, it was reported that military courts were seeking the death penalty for Ahmed al-Assir, and prison terms for up to 20 of his followers.[35] According to Lebanese authorities, al-Assir was arrested at Beirut airport in August 2015.[36]

References

  1. 1 2 "Al-Assir: A New Guardian of "Sunni Interests" in Lebanon". Al Akhbar English. 2012-03-02. Retrieved 2013-06-24.
  2. ↑ "Lebanese Salafist Cleric Organizes Militia Forays into Syria". Jamestown Foundation (Terrorism Monitor vol. 11, Issue 10). 17 May 2013. Retrieved 28 June 2013.
  3. 1 2 Oliver Harvey (2013-06-15). "If Britain had helped us two years ago, we would have avoided bloodshed". London: The Sun. Retrieved 2013-06-28.
  4. 1 2 "Lebanese Sunni cleric calls for jihad to aid Syrian rebels against Hezbollah". Al Arabiya. 23 April 2013. Retrieved 28 June 2013.
  5. ↑ Filkins, Dexter (March 25, 2013). "How Syria's War Brought Down Lebanon's Prime Minister". The New Yorker. Retrieved 2013-10-05.
  6. ↑ Agencies Beirut (15 Aug 2015). "Lebanon arrests fugitive cleric Ahmad al-Assir". Al Arabiya. Retrieved 16 August 2015.
  7. ↑ Josh Wood (15 Aug 2015). "Years after battling Lebanon’s military, Al Assir detained while fleeing abroad". The National. Retrieved 16 August 2015.
  8. ↑ Nour Samaha (26 Jun 2013). "Who is Lebanon's Ahmed al-Assir?". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 16 December 2014.
  9. ↑ "Breaking down Ahmad al-Assir: the man behind the beard". Alarabiya.net English. 2013-06-25. Retrieved 2013-06-29.
  10. ↑ Mansoor Moaddel, Jean Kors, Johan Gärde "Sectarianism and Counter-Sectarianism in Lebanon," Population Studies Center Research Report 12-757 (May 2012)
  11. ↑ "Ahmed al-Assir and Salafism in Lebanon | Near East Quarterly". Neareastquarterly.com. Retrieved June 10, 2013.
  12. ↑ "Al-Assir: A New Guardian of "Sunni Interests" in Lebanon". Al Akhbar English. 2012-03-02. Retrieved 2013-06-29.
  13. ↑ "Has Lebanon’s Sheikh Assir Reached a Dead End? - Al-Monitor: the Pulse of the Middle East". Al-Monitor. Retrieved June 10, 2013.
  14. ↑ Gary C. Gambill, “Salafi-jihadism in Lebanon,” Mideast Monitor 3.1 (2008)
  15. 1 2 "Ahmad al-Assir and Lebanon’s Despondent Sunnis". Al Akhbar English. March 4, 2013. Retrieved June 10, 2013.
  16. ↑ "Assir sit-in raises tension in south as preacher awaits Dialogue". The Daily Star. 17 July 2012. Retrieved 25 August 2012.
  17. 1 2 "Bahia Hariri Says Seeking Pacification in Sidon after Rival Demos, Unrest". Naharnet. 27 July 2012. Retrieved 25 August 2012.
  18. ↑ "Scuffle at south Lebanon sit-in, two men roughed up". The Daily Star. 27 July 2012. Retrieved 25 August 2012.
  19. ↑ "AFP Photographer Beaten in Clash between Asir Supporters, Passersby". Naharnet. 26 July 2012. Retrieved 25 August 2012.
  20. ↑ "Gunfight in Sidon between Assir and local rivals wounds five". The Daily Star. 9 August 2012. Retrieved 25 August 2012.
  21. ↑ "Asir's Bodyguard Killed, Hizbullah Official Wounded in Sidon Gunfight". Naharnet. 11 November 2012. Retrieved 27 November 2012.
  22. ↑ "Two killed, three wounded in Sidon clashes". The Daily Star. 11 November 2012. Retrieved 27 November 2012.
  23. ↑ "Asir: We Suspended Decision to Form Armed Brigade Pending Consultations". Naharnet. 2012. Retrieved 27 November 2012.
  24. ↑ BARBARA SURK (June 18, 2013). "Lebanon Clashes: Security Officials Clash With Gunmen Loyal To Hezbollah Critic In Port City Of Sidon". Huffington Post. Retrieved 2013-06-24.
  25. ↑ "10 Troops Martyred in Clashes with al-Asir's Gunmen in Abra — Naharnet". Naharnet.com. Retrieved 2013-06-24.
  26. ↑ "Sidon Clashes Spill Over as Roads Were Blocked in Tripoli, Army Positions Become Target to Fire — Naharnet". Naharnet.com. Retrieved 2013-06-24.
  27. ↑ "Lebanon Clashes Rage Near Mosque; 16 Soldiers Dead". Npr.org. Retrieved 2013-06-24.
  28. ↑ "12 troops killed in Lebanon clashes with Sunni radicals". English.ahram.org.eg. Retrieved 2013-06-24.
  29. ↑ "Lebanon clashes: At least 16 soldiers killed in Sidon". Bbc.co.uk. June 24, 2013. Retrieved 2013-06-24.
  30. ↑ "Army moves to crush Assir, secure Sidon". Dailystar.com.lb. Retrieved 2013-06-24.
  31. ↑ "Deadly fighting rages in Lebanon". Aljazeera.com. 2013-06-24. Retrieved 2013-06-24.
  32. ↑ Mohammed Zaatari. "Lebanese Army storms Assir complex, preacher flees". The Daily Star. Retrieved 2013-06-24.
  33. ↑ Reuters (2013-06-24). "Lebanese army storms Islamist mosque as Syria crisis spreads - 16 soldiers killed 24 June 2013". Haaretz.com. Retrieved 2013-06-29.
  34. ↑ "Bomb explodes in eastern Lebanon near Syria". English.alarabiya.net. 2013-06-25. Retrieved 2013-06-29.
  35. ↑ http://english.al-akhbar.com/node/18829
  36. ↑ Laila Bassam: "Lebanese authorities detain militant Islamist cleric" 15 august 2015 Reuters
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