Contract bridge probabilities

In the game of bridge mathematical probabilities play a significant role. Different declarer play strategies lead to success depending on the distribution of opponent's cards. To decide which strategy has highest likelihood of success, the declarer needs to have at least an elementary knowledge of probabilities.

The tables below specify the various prior probabilities, i.e. the probabilities in the absence of any further information. During bidding and play, more information about the hands becomes available, allowing players to improve their probability estimates.

Probability of suit distributions in two hidden hands

This table^[1] represents the different ways that two to thirteen particular cards may be distributed, or may lie or split, between two unknown 13-card hands (before the bidding and play, or a priori).

The table also shows the number of combinations of particular cards that match any numerical split and the probabilities for each combination.

These probabilities follow directly from the law of Vacant Places.

Number of Cards	Distribution	Probability	Combinations	Individual Probability
2	1 - 1	0.52	2	0.26
2	2 - 0	0.48	2	0.24
3	2 - 1	0.78	6	0.13
3	3 - 0	0.22	2	0.11
4	2 - 2	0.41	6	0.0678~
	3 - 1	0.50	8	0.0622~
	4 - 0	0.10	2	0.0478~
5	3 - 2	0.68	20	0.0339~
	4 - 1	0.28	10	0.02826~
	5 - 0	0.04	2	0.01956~
6	3 - 3	0.36	20	0.01776~
	4 - 2	0.48	30	0.01615~
	5 - 1	0.15	12	0.01211~
	6 - 0	0.01	2	0.00745~
7	4 - 3	0.62	70	0.00888~
	5 - 2	0.31	42	0.00727~
	6 - 1	0.07	14	0.00484~
	7 - 0	0.01	2	0.00261~
8	4 - 4	0.33	70	0.00467~
	5 - 3	0.47	112	0.00421~
	6 - 2	0.17	56	0.00306~
	7 - 1	0.03	16	0.00178~
	8 - 0	0.00	2	0.00082~

Probability of HCP distribution

High card points (HCP) are usually counted using the Milton Work scale of 4/3/2/1 points for each Ace/King/Queen/Jack respectively. The a priori probabilities that a given hand contains no more than a specified number of HCP is given in the table below.^[1] To find the likelihood of a certain point range, one simply subtracts the two relevant cumulative probabilities. So, the likelihood of being dealt a 12-19 HCP hand (ranges inclusive) is the probability of having at most 19 HCP minus the probability of having at most 11 HCP, or: 0.986 − 0.652 = 0.334.^[2]

HCP	Probability	HCP	Probability	HCP	Probability	HCP	Probability	HCP	Probability
0	0.0036	8	0.3748	16	0.9355	24	0.9995	32	1.0000
1	0.0115	9	0.4683	17	0.9591	25	0.9998	33	1.0000
2	0.0251	10	0.5624	18	0.9752	26	0.9999	34	1.0000
3	0.0497	11	0.6518	19	0.9855	27	1.0000	35	1.0000
4	0.0882	12	0.7321	20	0.9920	28	1.0000	36	1.0000
5	0.1400	13	0.8012	21	0.9958	29	1.0000	37	1.0000
6	0.2056	14	0.8582	22	0.9979	30	1.0000
7	0.2858	15	0.9024	23	0.9990	31	1.0000

Hand pattern probabilities

A hand pattern denotes the distribution of the thirteen cards in a hand over the four suits. In total 39 hand patterns are possible, but only 13 of them have an a priori probability exceeding 1%. The most likely pattern is the 4-4-3-2 pattern consisting of two four-card suits, a three-card suit and a doubleton.

Note that the hand pattern leaves unspecified which particular suits contain the indicated lengths. For a 4-4-3-2 pattern, one needs to specify which suit contains the three-card and which suit contains the doubleton in order to identify the length in each of the four suits. There are four possibilities to first identify the three-card suit and three possibilities to next identify the doubleton. Hence, the number of suit permutations of the 4-4-3-2 pattern is twelve. Or, stated differently, in total there are twelve ways a 4-4-3-2 pattern can be mapped onto the four suits.

Below table lists all 39 possible hand patterns, their probability of occurrence, as well as the number of suit permutations for each pattern. The list is ordered according to likelihood of occurrence of the hand patterns.^[3]

Pattern	Probability	#
4-4-3-2	0.2155	12
5-3-3-2	0.1552	12
5-4-3-1	0.1293	24
5-4-2-2	0.1058	12
4-3-3-3	0.1054	4
6-3-2-2	0.0564	12
6-4-2-1	0.0470	24
6-3-3-1	0.0345	12
5-5-2-1	0.0317	12
4-4-4-1	0.0299	4
7-3-2-1	0.0188	24
6-4-3-0	0.0133	24
5-4-4-0	0.0124	12

Pattern	Probability	#
5-5-3-0	0.0090	12
6-5-1-1	0.0071	12
6-5-2-0	0.0065	24
7-2-2-2	0.0051	4
7-4-1-1	0.0039	12
7-4-2-0	0.0036	24
7-3-3-0	0.0027	12
8-2-2-1	0.0019	12
8-3-1-1	0.0012	12
7-5-1-0	0.0011	24
8-3-2-0	0.0011	24
6-6-1-0	0.00072	12
8-4-1-0	0.00045	24

Pattern	Probability	#
9-2-1-1	0.00018	12
9-3-1-0	0.00010	24
9-2-2-0	0.000082	12
7-6-0-0	0.000056	12
8-5-0-0	0.000031	12
10-2-1-0	0.000011	24
9-4-0-0	0.000010	12
10-1-1-1	0.000004	4
10-3-0-0	0.0000015	12
11-1-1-0	0.0000002	12
11-2-0-0	0.0000001	12
12-1-0-0	0.000000003	12
13-0-0-0	0.000000000006	4

The 39 hand patterns can by classified into four hand types: balanced hands, three-suiters, two suiters and single suiters. Below table gives the a priori likelihoods of being dealt a certain hand-type.

Hand type	Patterns	Probability
Balanced	4-3-3-3, 4-4-3-2, 5-3-3-2	0.4761
Two-suiter	5-4-2-2, 5-4-3-1, 5-5-2-1, 5-5-3-0, 6-5-1-1, 6-5-2-0, 6-6-1-0, 7-6-0-0	0.2902
Single-suiter	6-3-2-2, 6-3-3-1, 6-4-2-1, 6-4-3-0, 7-2-2-2, 7-3-2-1, 7-3-3-0, 7-4-1-1, 7-4-2-0, 7-5-1-0, 8-2-2-1, 8-3-1-1, 8-3-2-0, 8-4-1-0, 8-5-0-0, 9-2-1-1, 9-2-2-0, 9-3-1-0, 9-4-0-0, 10-1-1-1, 10-2-1-0, 10-3-0-0, 11-1-1-0, 11-2-0-0, 12-1-0-0, 13-0-0-0	0.1915
Three-suiter	4-4-4-1, 5-4-4-0	0.0423

Alternative grouping of the 39 hand patterns can be made either by longest suit or by shortest suit. Below tables gives the a priori chance of being dealt a hand with a longest or a shortest suit of given length.

Longest suit	Patterns	Probability
4 card	4-3-3-3, 4-4-3-2, 4-4-4-1	0.3508
5 card	5-3-3-2, 5-4-2-2, 5-4-3-1, 5-5-2-1, 5-4-4-0, 5-5-3-0	0.4434
6 card	6-3-2-2, 6-3-3-1, 6-4-2-1, 6-4-3-0, 6-5-1-1, 6-5-2-0, 6-6-1-0	0.1655
7 card	7-2-2-2, 7-3-2-1, 7-3-3-0, 7-4-1-1, 7-4-2-0, 7-5-1-0, 7-6-0-0	0.0353
8 card	8-2-2-1, 8-3-1-1, 8-3-2-0, 8-4-1-0, 8-5-0-0	0.0047
9 card	9-2-1-1, 9-2-2-0, 9-3-1-0, 9-4-0-0	0.00037
10 card	10-1-1-1, 10-2-1-0, 10-3-0-0	0.000017
11 card	11-1-1-0, 11-2-0-0	0.0000003
12 card	12-1-0-0	0.000000003
13 card	13-0-0-0	0.000000000006

Shortest suit	Patterns	Probability
Three card	4-3-3-3	0.1054
Doubleton	4-4-3-2, 5-3-3-2, 5-4-2-2, 6-3-2-2, 7-2-2-2	0.5380
Singleton	4-4-4-1, 5-4-3-1, 5-5-2-1, 6-3-3-1, 6-4-2-1, 6-5-1-1, 7-3-2-1, 7-4-1-1, 8-2-2-1, 8-3-1-1, 9-2-1-1, 10-1-1-1	0.3055
Void	5-4-4-0, 5-5-3-0, 6-4-3-0, 6-5-2-0, 6-6-1-0, 7-3-3-0, 7-4-2-0, 7-5-1-0, 7-6-0-0, 8-3-2-0, 8-4-1-0, 8-5-0-0, 9-2-2-0, 9-3-1-0, 9-4-0-0, 10-2-1-0, 10-3-0-0, 11-1-1-0, 11-2-0-0, 12-1-0-0, 13-0-0-0	0.0512

Number of possible deals

In total there are 53,644,737,765,488,792,839,237,440,000 (5.36 x 10²⁸) different deals possible, which is equal to $52!/(13!)^4$ . The immenseness of this number can be understood by answering the question "How large an area would you need to spread all possible bridge deals if each deal would occupy only one square millimeter?". The answer is: an area more than a hundred million times the surface area of Earth.

Obviously, the deals that are identical except for swapping—say—the ♥2 and the ♥3 would be unlikely to give a different result. To make the irrelevance of small cards explicit (which is not always the case though), in bridge such small cards are generally denoted by an 'x'. Thus, the "number of possible deals" in this sense depends of how many non-honour cards (2, 3, .. 9) are considered 'indistinguishable'. For example, if 'x' notation is applied to all cards smaller than ten, then the suit distributions A987-K106-Q54-J32 and A432-K105-Q76-J98 would be considered identical.

The table below ^[4] gives the number of deals when various numbers of small cards are considered indistinguishable.

Suit composition	Number of deals
AKQJT9876543x	53,644,737,765,488,792,839,237,440,000
AKQJT987654xx	7,811,544,503,918,790,990,995,915,520
AKQJT98765xxx	445,905,120,201,773,774,566,940,160
AKQJT9876xxxx	14,369,217,850,047,151,709,620,800
AKQJT987xxxxx	314,174,475,847,313,213,527,680
AKQJT98xxxxxx	5,197,480,921,767,366,548,160
AKQJT9xxxxxxx	69,848,690,581,204,198,656
AKQJTxxxxxxxx	800,827,437,699,287,808
AKQJxxxxxxxxx	8,110,864,720,503,360
AKQxxxxxxxxxx	74,424,657,938,928
AKxxxxxxxxxxx	630,343,600,320
Axxxxxxxxxxxx	4,997,094,488
xxxxxxxxxxxxx	37,478,624

Note that the last entry in the table (37,478,624) corresponds to the number of different distributions of the deck (the number of deals when cards are only distinguished by their suit).

Probability of Losing-Trick Counts

The Losing-Trick Count is an alternative to the HCP count as a method of hand evaluation.

LTC	Number of Hands	Probability
0	4,245,032	0.000668%
1	90,206,044	0.0142%
2	872,361,936	0.137%
3	5,080,948,428	0.8%
4	19,749,204,780	3.11%
5	53,704,810,560	8.46%
6	104,416,332,340	16.4%
7	145,971,648,360	23.0%
8	145,394,132,760	22.9%
9	100,454,895,360	15.8%
10	45,618,822,000	7.18%
11	12,204,432,000	1.92%
12	1,451,520,000	0.229%
13	0	0%

References

1 2 "Mathematical Tables" (Table 4). Francis, Henry G., Editor-in-Chief; Truscott, Alan F., Executive Editor; Francis, Dorthy A., Editor, Fifth Edition (1994). The Official Encyclopedia of Bridge (5th ed.). Memphis, TN: American Contract Bridge League. p. 278. ISBN 0-943855-48-9. LCCN 96188639.
↑ Richard Pavlicek. "High Card Expectancy." link
↑ Richard Pavlicek. "Against All Odds." link
↑ Counting Bridge Deals, Jeroen Warmerdam

Émile, Borel; André, Chéron (1940). Théorie Mathématique du Bridge. Gauthier-Villars. Second French edition by the authors in 1954. Translated and edited into English by Alec Traub as The Mathematical Theory of Bridge; printed in 1974 in Taiwan through the assistance of C.C. Wei.
Kelsey, Hugh; Glauert, Michael (1980). Bridge Odds for Practical Players. Master Bridge Series. London: Victor Gollancz Ltd in association with Peter Crawley. ISBN 0-575-02799-1.
Reese, Terence; Trézel, Roger (1986). Master the Odds in Bridge. Master Bridge Series. London: Victor Gollancz Ltd in association with Peter Crawley. ISBN 0-575-02597-2.

Contract bridge articles

Overview

Introduction	Bridge scoring Contract bridge Duplicate bridge Glossary of contract bridge terms Rubber bridge

See also	Auction bridge Bridge ethics Bridge maxims Bridge Murder case Bridge whist Bridgette British Rule Chicago Computer bridge Contract bridge diagram Duplicate bridge movements Goulash High card by suit History of contract bridge Laws of Duplicate Bridge Masterpoints Minibridge Neuberg formula Screen Singaporean bridge Suit Traveling scoreslip Trump Vugraph

Bidding

Introduction	Bidding system Bridge convention Hand evaluation

Systems	List of bidding systems 2/1 game forcing Acol Bidding system Blue Club Boring Club Bridge Base Basic Bridge World Standard Canapé (bridge) Carrot Club CS System EHAA Fantunes Highly unusual method Kaplan–Sheinwold Little Major Moscito OK bridge 2/1 Polish Club Precision Club Roman Club Romex system Säffle Spade Standard American Strong club system

Conventions	Aspro convention Asptro convention Astro convention Baron convention Bergen raises Blackout convention Blackwood convention Brozel Byzantine Blackwood convention Cappelletti convention Carrot 1NT Carrot 4NT Comfy Canapé Copenhagen convention (bridge) CRASH convention DONT Drury convention Ekren convention Fishbein convention Fit showing jump bid Flannery Forcing notrump Fourth suit forcing Fragment bid Gardener 1NT Gerber convention Ghestem Grand slam force Hello convention Jacoby 2NT Jacoby transfer Kamikaze 1NT Landy Last Train Leaping Michaels Lebensohl Lightner double Lionel convention List of defenses to 1NT Meckwell convention Meyerson convention Michaels cuebid Mini-Roman 2 Diamond Mohan convention Muiderberg convention Multi 2 diamonds Namyats Negative double Negative free bid New minor forcing Norman four notrump Ogust convention Pass-or-correct bid Raptor convention Relay bid Rosenkranz double/redouble Rubens advances Rubensohl San Francisco convention Serious 3NT Slam-seeking conventions Snapdragon double Splinter bid Stayman convention Strong Notrump After Passing (SNAP) Strong two bid Strong two clubs Suction convention Texas transfer Transfer Walsh Unusual notrump Unusual vs. unusual Walsh convention Woolsey convention XY Notrump convention XYZ convention

See also	Balanced hand Balancing (bridge) Bidding box Board (bridge) Brown sticker Convention card Cue bid Five-card majors Forcing bid Forcing pass Gambling 3NT Game try Honor point count Inverted minors Law of total tricks Losing-Trick Count Major suit Minor suit Optimum contract and par contract Overcall Preempt Prepared opening bid Principle of fast arrival Psychic bid Quantitative no trump bids Reverse (bridge) Sacrifice (bridge) Shooting (bridge) Single suiter Strong pass Support double Takeout double Three suiter Two suiter Useful space principle Void (cards) Weak two bid Zar Points

Card play

Introduction	List of play techniques Caddy Card reading Duck Endplay Entry Finesse Hold up Revoke Ruff Safety play

Declarer play	Coups: Alcatraz coup Bath coup Belladonna coup Coup Coup en passant Crocodile coup Deschapelles coup Devil's coup Merrimac coup Morton's fork coup Scissors coup Trump coup Vienna coup Squeezes: Backwash squeeze Cannibal squeeze Clash squeeze Compound squeeze Criss-cross squeeze Double squeeze Entry squeeze Entry-shifting squeeze Guard squeeze Knockout squeeze Non-simultaneous double squeeze Progressive squeeze Pseudo-squeeze Saturated squeeze Simple squeeze Simultaneous double squeeze Single-suit squeeze Squeeze play Stepping-stone squeeze Strip squeeze Triple squeeze Trump squeeze Vice squeeze Winkle squeeze Suit combinations: Suit combination Suit combination – J missing Suit combination – 10 missing Suit combinations – K10 missing

Defender play	Journalist leads Opening lead Rule of 10-12 Rule of 11 Rusinow leads Signal Smith signal

See also	Avoidance play Beer card Forcing defense Grosvenor gambit Loser on loser Percentage play Pin (bridge) Principle of restricted choice Probabilities Shooting Smother play Tempo Trump promotion Uppercut Vacant Places

People and organizations

Administrators, players and writers	ACBL Youngest Life Master List of contract bridge people List of nationality transfers in sport A Terje Aa Pierre Albarran Ron Andersen Martin Andresen Russ Arnold Sabine Auken Walter Avarelli B Lynn Baker Cezary Balicki Hermine Baron Roger Bates Grant Baze Henry Beasley B. Jay Becker Mike Becker Giorgio Belladonna Richard Belton Albert Benjamin Marty Bergen David Berkowitz Lisa Berkowitz Huub Bertens David Bird Cheri Bjerkan Easley Blackwood, Sr. Blue Team Lou Bluhm Norberto Bocchi Janet de Botton Tim Bourke Peter Boyd Malcolm Brachman Bart Bramley Marcelo Branco Mildred Breed Tomas Brenning Raymond Brock John Brown David Bruce Michelle Brunner Walter Buller Chuck Burger Wesley Burrowes C Orlando Campos Mike Cappelletti Gerald Caravelli Drew Casen James Cayne Gabriel Chagas Juanita Chambers Bernie Chazen Curtis Cheek Paul Chemla Dennis Clerkin George Coffin Larry N. Cohen Larry T. Cohen Ben Cohen Gary Cohler Richard Coren Donna Compton Charles Coon Kitty Cooper Barry Crane Carol Crawford John R. Crawford Ely Culbertson Josephine Culbertson D Massimo D'Alelio Dallas Aces Hugh Darwen Lynn Deas Richard DeMartino Seymon Deutsch Mike Develin John Diamond Leslie Dodds Albert Dormer Doug Doub Giorgio Duboin Michel Duguet E Billy Eisenberg Russ Ekeblad Morrie Elis J.B. Elwell Maria Erhart Bob Etter Disa Eythorsdottir F Ben Fain Björn Fallenius Fulvio Fantoni Mary Jane Farell Phil Feldesman Harry Fishbein Arnie Fisher Marty Fleisher Jeremy Flint Pietro Forquet Tony Forrester R.F. Foster Gene Freed Richard Freeman Edith Freilich Richard L. Frey Doris Fuller G Nico Gardener Steve Garner Benito Garozzo Piotr Gawryś Terry W. Gee John Gerber Pierre Ghestem Eldad Ginossar Fred Gitelman Jeff Glick Brian Glubok Ramesh Gokhale Bobby Goldman Arthur S. Goldsmith Agnes Gordon Fritzi Gordon Phil Gordon Charles Goren Michael T. Gottlieb Ross Grabel Matt Granovetter Audrey Grant Eric Greco Alan C. Greenberg Ari Greenberg Gail Greenberg William Grieve Susanna Gross Glenn Grøtheim Nancy Gruver Ace Gutowsky H Garey Hayden Fred Hamilton Bob Hamman Petra Hamman Nicolas Hammond Geoff Hampson Harold Harkavy Maurice Harrison-Gray Emma Jean Hawes Lee Hazen Geir Helgemo Tor Helness Christal Henner Walter Herbert Paul Hodge Marc Hodler Mark Horton Carl Hudecek Roy Hughes Edward Hymes I J Zeke Jabbour George Jacobs Marc Jacobus Oswald Jacoby Pierre Jaïs Marilyn Johnson Henry Jones (Cavendish) Robert F. Jordan K Charles Kalme Mike Kamil Edwin Kantar Edgar Kaplan Gaylor Kasle Ralph Katz Richard H. Katz George S. Kaufman Norman Kay Amalya Lyle Kearse Sami Kehela Hugh Kelsey Alicia Kempner Betty Ann Kennedy Roy Kerr Ron Klinger Martin de Knijff Putte Kock Eric Kokish Kenneth Konstam Valentin Kovachev Jim Krekorian Michał Kwiecień L Mark Lair Hemant Lall Harry Lampert Steve Landen Kyle Larsen Emanuel Lasker Lorenzo Lauria Mike Lawrence Sidney H. Lazard Michael Ledeen Peter Lee Linda Lee James Lemon Peter Leventritt Bobby Levin Jill Levin Irina Levitina Theodore Lightner Harold Lilie Robert Lipsitz Clyde E. Love Paul Lukacs M Iain Macleod Jim Mahaffey Zia Mahmood Merwyn Maier Renee Mancuso Ed Manfield Ronald Mansbridge Rixi Markus Chip Martel Jan Martel Jack Marx Lew Mathe Karen McCallum Jeff Meckstroth Rose Meltzer Adam Meredith Jill Meyers Marion Michielsen Marshall Miles Jacqui Mitchell Sol Mogal John Mohan Victor Mollo Mark Molson Albert H. Morehead Larry Mori Dan Morse Jo Morse Brad Moss Bauke Muller Eric Murray N Bobby Nail Nick Nickell Claudio Nunes O Jack Olsen Jaime Ortiz-Patiño Aileen Osofsky Géza Ottlik P Camillo Pabis Ticci Beth Palmer Mike Passell Richard Pavlicek Jordanis Pavlides Peter Pender Leonard Pennario Carl'Alberto Perroux Olive Peterson Hubert Phillips Sue Picus William Pole Rozanne Pollack Gary Pomerantz Julian Pottage Tony Priday Tommy Prothro Jacek Pszczoła Q Shawn Quinn R Judi Radin George Rapée Terence Reese Doris Rhodes Kay Rhodes Arthur G. Robinson Steve Robinson Jim Robison Andrew Robson Eric Rodwell Bill Root Eunice Rosen Billy Rosen Debbie Rosenberg Michael Rosenberg George Rosenkranz Hugh Ross Alvin Roth Dan Rotman Jeff Rubens Ron Rubin Ira Rubin S Kerri Sanborn Carol Sanders Thomas K. Sanders Boris Schapiro Howard Schenken John Schermer Meyer Schleifer Peter Schneider Barbara Seagram Michael Seamon William Seamon Janice Seamon-Molson A. J. Sefi Martin Seligman Brian Senior Tim Seres Omar Sharif Alfred Sheinwold Shen Chun-shan Ruth Sherman Jaggy Shivdasani Rita Shugart Allan Siebert Sidney Silodor S. J. Simon Dorothy Rice Sims P. Hal Sims Helen Sobel Smith Marc Smith Nicola Smith Mike Smolen Tobi Sokolow Paul Soloway Charles J. Solomon Peggy Solomon Alan Sontag Nathan B. Spingold Ivar Stakgold JoAnna Stansby Lew Stansby Allan Stauber Samuel Stayman Sherman Stearns Paul Stern Fred Stewart Tobias Stone John Sutherlin Peggy Sutherlin John Swanson Paul Swanson Ralph Swimer Peter Swinnerton-Dyer T Edward O. Taylor Tom Townsend Roger Trézel Dorothy Hayden Truscott Alan Truscott U Helen Utegaard V Harold Stirling Vanderbilt Alfredo Versace Daniela von Arnim Ron Von der Porten Waldemar von Zedtwitz Bep Vriend W Margaret Wagar Rhoda Walsh Louis H. Watson C. C. Wei Katherine Wei-Sender Peter Weichsel Howard Weinstein Steve Weinstein Albert Weiss Roy Welland Berry Westra Charles Wigoder Adam Wildavsky Sylvie Willard Chris Willenken Eddie Wold Bobby Wolff Gavin Wolpert Jenny Wolpert Joel Wooldridge Kit Woolsey Milton Work Meike Wortel X Y Sally Young Z Richard Zeckhauser Jack Zhao Pierre Zimmermann Adam Żmudziński

Clubs	Bridge Club Brașov Galatasaray Bridge Team Melville Bridge Club Portland Club (London) Young Chelsea Bridge Club

Governing bodies	American Bridge Association American Contract Bridge League Austrian Bridge Federation Brazilian Bridge Federation British Bridge League Canadian Bridge Federation Dutch Bridge Federation English Bridge Union European Bridge League International Mind Sports Association List of bridge governing bodies Norwegian Bridge Federation World Bridge Federation United States Bridge Federation

Championships

Introduction	List of bridge competitions and awards

World	Bermuda Bowl Bridge at the 2008 World Mind Sports Games Bridge at the 2012 World Mind Sports Games Cavendish Invitational Computer Olympiad McConnell Cup Rosenblum Cup Senior Bowl (bridge) Triple crown of bridge Venice Cup World Bridge Championships World IMP Pairs Championship World Junior Pairs Championship World Junior Teams Championship World Mind Sports Games World Mixed Pairs Championship World Mixed Teams Championship World Open Pairs Championship World Senior Pairs Championship World Senior Teams Championship World Team Olympiad World Transnational Open Teams Championship World Women Pairs Championship

National and Zonal	Buffett Cup Camrose Trophy Commonwealth Nations Bridge Championships European Universities Bridge Championships Gold Cup (bridge) North American bridge Championships: ACBL King or Queen of Bridge Blue Ribbon Pairs Bruce LM-5000 Pairs Chicago Mixed Board-a-Match Fall National Open Pairs Fast Open Pairs Fishbein Trophy Goren Trophy Grand National Teams Hilliard Mixed Pairs Jacoby Open Swiss Teams Keohane North American Swiss Teams Lebhar IMP Pairs Leventritt Silver Ribbon Pairs Machlin Women's Swiss Teams Manfield Non-Life Master Pairs Master Individual Mini-Blue Ribbon Pairs Mini-Spingold Mitchell Board-a-Match Teams Mott-Smith Trophy Nail Life Master Open Pairs National 199er Pairs National 49er Pairs National 99er Pairs Non-Life Master Swiss Teams Norman Kay Platinum Pairs North American Bridge Championships North American Pairs Red Ribbon Pairs Reisinger Rockwell Mixed Pairs Roth Open Swiss Teams Senior Knockout Teams Silodor Open Pairs Smith Life Master Women's Pairs Spingold Sternberg Women's Board-a-Match Teams Truscott Senior Swiss Teams Vanderbilt Trophy Von Zedtwitz Life Master Pairs Wagar Women's Knockout Teams Wernher Open Pairs Whitehead Women's Pairs Young LM-1500 Pairs

Resources

Books	List of bridge books 25 Bridge Conventions You Should Know Bridge Squeezes Complete The Cardturner Design for Bidding Contract Bridge for Beginners Edwin Kantar bibliography Master Point Press Planning the Play of a Bridge Hand Terence Reese bibliography The Official Encyclopedia of Bridge Tickets to the Devil

Magazines	List of bridge magazines Bridge d'Italia Bridge Magazine The Bridge World

External links	Bridge Base Basic Bridge Base Inc. OK bridge 2/1

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