Butuan

Not to be confused with Bhutan.
Butuan
Highly Urbanized City
City of Butuan
Aerial view of Butuan City skyline

Seal
Nickname(s):
Home of the Balangays,
Timber City of the South,
Premier Forest City in 2020,
Caraga's Economic Hub

Map of Agusan del Norte showing the location of Butuan City
Butuan

Location in the Philippines

Coordinates: 08°57′N 125°32′E / 8.950°N 125.533°E / 8.950; 125.533Coordinates: 08°57′N 125°32′E / 8.950°N 125.533°E / 8.950; 125.533
Country Philippines
Region Caraga (Region XIII)
Province Agusan del Norte (geographically only)
District 1st District of Agusan del Norte
Municipality January 31, 1901
City August 2, 1950
Highly Urbanized City February 7, 1995
Barangays 86[1]
Government[2]
 • Mayor Ferdinand M. Amante, Jr. (LP)
 • Vice Mayor Angelo Victor S. Calo (LP)
 • Congressman Lawrence Lemuel H. Fortun (LP)
Area[3]
 • Total 816.62 km2 (315.30 sq mi)
Elevation 1 m (3 ft)
Population (2010)[4]
 • Total 309,709
 • Density 380/km2 (980/sq mi)
Demonym(s) Butuanon
Time zone PST (UTC+8)
ZIP code 8600
Dialing code 85
Income class 1st Class Highly Urbanized City
Abbreviations BXU, But.
Languages Cebuano, Butuanon, Filipino, English
Website www.butuan.gov.ph

Butuan (pronounced as boot-wan), officially the City of Butuan (Butuanon: Dakbayan hong Butuan; Cebuano: Dakbayan sa Butuan; Tagalog: Lungsod ng Butuan) and often referred to as Butuan City, is a highly urbanized city in the Philippines and the regional center of Caraga. It is located at the northeastern part of the Agusan Valley, Mindanao, sprawling across the Agusan River. It is bounded to the north, west and south by Agusan del Norte, to the east by Agusan del Sur and to the northwest by Butuan Bay. According to the 2010 census, it has a population of 309,709 people.[4]

Butuan City was the capital of the province of Agusan del Norte until 2000, when Republic Act 8811 transferred the capital to Cabadbaran City.

Etymology

The name "Butuan" is believed to have originated from the sour fruit locally called batuan. Other etymological sources say that it comes from a certain Datu Buntuan, a chieftain who once ruled over areas of the present-day city.

History

Old Butuan

A golden vestment worn by the Hindu Brahmin Caste, found in Butuan Archeological Digs.

Butuan, before its colonization, was known as the Rajahnate of Butuan, an Indianized kingdom known for its metallurgic industry and sophisticated naval technology. The rajahnate flourished at the 10th and 11th centuries CE, and had an extensive trade network with the Champa Civilization and the Srivijayan Empire.[5][6]

On 1001 CE, the rajahnate had established contact with the Song Dynasty of China. The annual Song Shih recorded the appearance of a Butuan mission at the Chinese imperial court, and the rajahnate was described as a small Hindu country with a Buddhist monarchy, which had a regular trade connection with Champa. The mission, under a rajah named Kiling, asked for equal status in court protocol with the Champa envoy, but ultimately was denied by the imperial court.[7][8] However, under the reign of Sri Bata Shaja, the diplomatic equality was eventually granted to the Kingdom, and as a result the diplomatic relations of the two nations reached its peak in the Yuan Dynasty.[9]

Evidence of these trading links are in the discovery of 11 balangay boats around Ambangan in barangay Libertad, which was described as the only concentration of archaeological, ancient, ocean-going boats in Southeast Asia. Other evidences of the post are the discovery of a village in Libertad that specializes in gold, deformed skulls similar to reports in Sulawesi, and the discovery of many artifacts by locals and treasure hunters.

Colonial period

In March 31, 1521, an Easter Sunday, Ferdinand Magellan ordered a mass to be celebrated. This was officiated by Friar Pedro Valderrama, the Andalusian chaplain of the fleet, the only priest then. Another priest, the French Bernard Calmette (Bernardo Calmeta) had been marooned at Patagonia with Juan de Cartagena for being implicated in the mutiny at Puerto San Julián. Conducted near the shores of the island, the Holy First Mass marked the birth of Roman Catholicism in the Philippines. Rajah Colambu and Siaiu were said to be among the first natives of the soon-to-be Spanish colony to attend the mass among other Mazaua inhabitants, together with visitors from Butuan who came with the entourage of Colambu, king of Butuan.

Controversy has been generated regarding the holding of the first mass—whether it was held in Limasawa, Leyte in Masao, Butuan City, in the hidden isle made up of barangays Pinamanculan and Bancasi inside Butuan, in the latest discovered site in between Agusan del Sur and Surigao del Sur, the small barangay of Barobo, or elsewhere. It is sure, however, that Ferdinand Magellan did not drop anchor by the mouth of Agusan River in 1521 and hold mass to commemorate the event which was held at Mazaua, an island separate from 1521 Butuan which, in the geographical conception of Europeans who wrote about it, was a larger entity than what it is now. Antonio Pigafetta who wrote an eyewitness account of Magellan's voyage described in text and in map a Butuan that stretched from today's Surigao up to the top edge of Zamboanga del Norte.

The first municipal election in Butuan took place in March 1902 in accordance with Public Law No. 82[10] which coincided with the American occupation of the place.

During the Japanese occupation of the Philippines in World War II, more than half of Butuan, if not all of it, was burned when local guerrilla forces attacked the enemy garrison on 12 March 1943 in the Battle of Butuan.[11][12]:318[13]:7 In 1945, the Philippine Commonwealth troops in Butuan together with the recognized guerrillas attacked the Japanese forces during the Battle of Agusan. On October 20, 1948, still recovering from the war, the entire municipality was ruined by a fire.

Modern era

By the late 1940s to the 1970s, Butuan's industry specialized in timber, earning it the nickname, "Timber City of the South". The plentiful trees of the area invited many investors to the city, and inspired then-congressman Marcos M. Calo to file a bill elevating Butuan for cityhood. On August 2, 1950, this was passed converting Butuan into a city.[14]

However, by the early 1980s, the logging industry of the city began to decline, although the city was still an economic haven to many investors. The city's main income by that time frame and until this day depended on small and medium business, and large-scale projects by investors. In February 7, 1995, the city was reclassified from a chartered city to a Highly Urbanized city. 16 days later, on February 23, the region of Caraga was created by virtue of Republic Act 7901, with Butuan as its regional center, and the provincial capital of Agusan del Norte. In 2000, Republic Act 8811 formally transferred the capital of Agusan del Norte from Butuan to Cabadbaran, however most provincial offices are still located in the city.

Geography

Butuan City has a land area of 81,662 hectares (201,790 acres),[3] which is roughly 4.1% of the total area of the Caraga region.

The existing land use of the city consists of the following uses: agriculture areas (397.23 km2), forestland (268 km2), grass/shrub/pasture land (61.14 km2) and other uses (90.242 km2). Of the total forestland, 105 km2 is production forest areas while 167.5 km2 is protection forest areas.

The forestland, as mentioned earlier, comprised both the production and protection forest. The classified forest is further specified as production forest and protection forest. In the production forest industrial tree species are mostly grown in the area. The protection forest on the other hand, is preserved to support and sustain necessary ecological performance. Included in this are the watershed areas in Taguibo, which is the main source of water in the area,

The city is endowed with swamplands near its coastal area. These swamp areas are interconnected with the waterways joined by the Agusan River. Most of the swamplands are actually mangroves that served as habitat to different marine species.

Filling material needs of the city are extracted usually from the riverbank of Taguibo River. Others are sourced out from promontories with special features and for special purpose.

The fishing ground of Butuan is the Butuan Bay of which two coastal barangays are located. It extends some two kilometers to the sea and joins the Bohol Sea. These are the barangays of Lumbocan and Masao.

Climate

Climate data for Butuan City
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Average high °C (°F) 30
(86)		 31
(88)		 31
(88)		 33
(91)		 33
(91)		 33
(91)		 32
(90)		 33
(91)		 33
(91)		 32
(90)		 32
(90)		 31
(88)		 32
(90)
Average low °C (°F) 23
(73)		 23
(73)		 23
(73)		 24
(75)		 25
(77)		 24
(75)		 24
(75)		 24
(75)		 24
(75)		 24
(75)		 24
(75)		 24
(75)		 24
(75)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 259
(10.2)		 237
(9.33)		 132
(5.2)		 103
(4.06)		 105
(4.13)		 156
(6.14)		 146
(5.75)		 104
(4.09)		 123
(4.84)		 167
(6.57)		 166
(6.54)		 243
(9.57)		 1,941
(76.42)
Source: worldweatheronline.com

Barangays

Butuan is subdivided into 86 barangays, of which 15 are urban[3] and 71 are rural.

  • Agao Pob. (Bgy. 3)
  • Agusan Pequeño
  • Ambago
  • Amparo
  • Ampayon
  • Anticala
  • Antongalon
  • Aupagan
  • Baan KM 3
  • Baan Riverside Pob. (Bgy. 20)
  • Babag
  • Bading Pob. (Bgy. 22)
  • Bancasi
  • Banza
  • Baobaoan
  • Basag
  • Bayanihan Pob. (Bgy. 27)
  • Bilay
  • Bit-os
  • Bitan-agan
  • Bobon
  • Bonbon
  • Bugabus
  • Bugsukan
  • Buhangin Pob. (Bgy. 19)
  • Cabcabon
  • Camayahan
  • Dagohoy Pob. (Bgy. 7)
  • Dankias
  • De Oro
  • Diego Silang Pob. (Bgy. 6)
  • Don Francisco
  • Doongan
  • Dulag
  • Dumalagan
  • Florida
  • Fort Poyohon (Bgy. 17)
  • Golden Ribbon Pob (Bgy. 2)
  • Imadejas Pob. (Bgy. 24)
  • Jose Rizal Pob. (Bgy. 25)
  • Holy Redeemer Pob. (Bgy. 23)
  • Humabon Pob. (Bgy. 11)
  • Kinamlutan
  • Lapu-lapu Pob. (Bgy. 8)
  • Lemon
  • Leon Kilat Pob. (Bgy. 13)
  • Libertad
  • Limaha Pob. (Bgy. 14)
  • Los Angeles
  • Lumbocan
  • Maguinda
  • Mahay
  • Mahogany Pob. (Bgy. 21)
  • Maibu
  • Mandamo
  • Manila de Bugabus
  • Maon Pob. (Bgy. 1)
  • Masao
  • Maug
  • New Society Village Pob. (Bgy. 26)
  • Nong-nong
  • Obrero Pob. (Bgy. 18)
  • Ong Yiu Pob. (Bgy. 16)
  • Pagatpatan
  • Pangabugan
  • Pianing
  • Pigdaulan
  • Pinamanculan
  • Rajah Soliman Pob. (Bgy. 4)
  • Salvación
  • San Ignacio Pob. (Bgy. 15)
  • San Mateo
  • San Vicente
  • Santo Niño
  • Sikatuna Pob. (Bgy. 10)
  • Silongan Pob. (Bgy. 5)
  • Sumile
  • Sumilihon
  • Tagabaca
  • Taguibo
  • Taligaman
  • Tandang Sora Pob. (Bgy. 12)
  • Tiniwisan
  • Tungao
  • Urduja Pob. (Bgy. 9)
  • Villa Kananga

Demographics

Population census of Butuan City
YearPop.±% p.a.
1990 227,829—    
1995 247,074+1.53%
2000 267,279+1.70%
2007 298,378+1.53%
2010 309,709+1.37%
Source: National Statistics Office[4]

With a total population of 309,709 in the census of May 1, 2010, it has an average density of 380 persons per km2, higher than the regional average density of 101 persons per km2.

Economy

Robinsons Place Butuan

Butuan City is the commercial, industrial, and administrative center of Caraga region.[15] It is a strategic trading hub in Northern Mindanao with major roads connecting it to other main cities in the island such as Davao, Cagayan de Oro, Malaybalay, Surigao, and soon, Tandag. It hosts one of the busiest airports in the country, the Bancasi Domestic Airport, serving around 525,000 passengers in 2012.[16] Cebu Pacific and Philippine Airlines are flying to and from Butuan City. Meanwhile, the nearby Nasipit International Port and in-city Masao Port are providing for its shipping and cargo needs.

The total number of businesses registered in 2013 was 9,619 - reflecting a growth of 9.86% and almost 3 times that of the next major Caraga city. New businesses registered numbered 2,032 with a combined capitalization of P504,598,667, an expansion of 75.63 from 2012.

As further proof of its dynamic economy, Butuan City's local income reached P330,510,000 in 2013 besting other major cities in the country. By 2014, its local income is expected to reach P513,870,000.00 or register a growth of 55%; and total income (including IRA) will be P1,515,970,000.[17] Butuan City was ranked 4th and 16th Most Competitive City for the years 2012 and 2014 by the National Competitiveness Council of the Philippines.

More than 260 financial institutions are operating in the city such as Metrobank, BDO, Bank of the Philippine Islands, Landbank, Philippine National Bank, Chinabank, EastWest Bank, RCBC, Unionbank, Security Bank and Maybank. Rural banks are also expanding aggressively. Based on a report from PDIC (as of December 2013), total savings deposit in Butuan City amounted to P18,944,854,000, comprising 45% of the total deposits in Caraga Region.[18] The Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas opened its regional office here to take advantage of the vibrant gold trading industry in the region. Insurance companies, led by Philam Life, are also present in the city.

The city's major agricultural produce are rice, bananas, coconuts, poultry, shrimp, and milkfish. Its key industries include rice milling, food processing, wood processing, furniture, fuel distribution, shipbuilding, and construction. The manufacturing sector will soon get a boost as an industrial park is currently being developed. Butuan has also proven to be a haven for renewable energy with investments in solar and hydroelectric power generation pouring in the city.[19][20]

Butuan is also fast-becoming a cosmopolitan city. Currently, there are three (3) major commercial centers catering its populace. These are Robinsons Place Butuan, Puregold Price Club, and Gaisano Mall. Leading mall developer, SM, is expected to break ground in early 2015.[21] High-end real estate developers, such as Filinvest and Vista Land, have started their residential projects in the city.[22][23] The A. Brown Group is also developing another exclusive community with a 9-hole golf course. More low- and medium-cost housing projects are sprouting in the outskirts of the city evident of the city's strong market for shelter. Famous food brands have also opened shops in the city such as Jolibee, McDonald's, Chowking, Greenwich, Mang Inasal, Red Ribbon, Goldilocks, Gerry's Grill, Max's and Bo's Coffee.

As for the telecommunications infrastructure of the city, Smart Communications, Globe Telecom, PLDT and Bayantel are able to serve its ever-growing needs.

Precolonial economy

Butuan City is becoming one of the highlights of the tourism programs in the Philippines, as more and more people, both local and foreign, are discovering the wonders and secrets of this ancient and beautiful city. It is customary for any traveler to learn a little bit of history concerning the place that will be visited, and the history of Butuan City is one of the most fascinating. Unlike other lands whose development only began during the Spanish colonization, Butuan was already a progressive and full fledge city centuries before the arrival of the Spaniards. Historical records show that as early as the 10th century, the local people were already engaged in trade and commerce with other nations and cultures, like the Champa (now Vietnam) and the Srivajaya peoples of Java, Indonesia. This is confirmed by the unearthing of several artifacts such as boats used for plying their trade. During the Spanish and American occupation, Butuan conintued to make progress and the number of people who were settling increased steadily. A large number of its inhabitants were converted to Christianity, and in fact one of the issues is whether the first mass was actually held in the city.

Wood industry

World War II caused an almost complete destruction of the city. Devastated by bombings, the place was totally scorched in 1943 following the uprising by Filipino rebels against the occupying forces. By 1945, the city was liberated. The economic growth of Butuan City began during the early 1960s, mainly due to the production and shipping of wood to neighboring cities. This spurned on economic activity that today the city is recognized as one of the most urbanized places in Mindanao. As with other emerging cities in Mindanao, tourism plays an important role in the evolution and progress of Butuan City. One of the sights not to be missed is the Balangay Shrine Museum. The top attraction here are the nine wooden boats that have been recovered by archaeologists. These boats are said to be over a thousand years old. They are more than 30 ft in length and some 7 feet wide.

Festivities and annual celebrations

Tourism and attractions

Guingona Park

Local government

City hall

The local government of Butuan City is headed by an elected City Mayor and is considered to be the local chief executive of the city. He exercises the general supervision and control over all programs, projects, services, and activities of the city government.[25] He is then accompanied by the law making body of the city which is called, The Sangguniang Panlungsod headed by the elected City Vice-Mayor as the presiding officer, together with ten (10) elected Sangguniang Panlungsod Members and the President of the Liga ng mga Barangay as an ex-officio member.[26]

City officials

Elected officials 2013–2016:[2]

Executive

Legislative

Barangay Council

Association of Barangay Captains (Liga ng mga Barangay)

Sangguniang Kabataan Federation

Note: Due to the postponement of Sangguniang Kabataan (SK) Elections in 2013, there was no set of SK Chairperson for each barangay. Hence, there was no election of officers for the Sangguniang Kabataan Federation Butuan City Chapter. The positions, thus, will remain vacant until SK Elections will be held again.[27]

Education

Being the regional center of Caraga, Butuan is also the region's center of education. There are two universities in the city. The first, Father Saturnino Urios University, a privately run school founded by Fr. Urios on 1901. The second, the Caraga State University - Main Campus, formerly known as the Northern Mindanao State Institute of Science and Technology, is a state-run school founded in 1918. They are among the top two performing universities in the region.

Butuan City is known for its education competence. Proof of these are in awards earned. Teachers and school staff of the Butuan Central Elementary School, Butuan City SPED Center and Agusan National High School have large-scale exposure to specialization techniques, as well as seminars and workshops to complement, with partnerships like Philippine-Australia Project on Basic Education (PROBE).

There are also Chinese schools in the city like the Timber City Academy and Butuan Faith Christian School. National high schools include the Agusan NHS, Tungao NHS, San Vicente NHS, Libertad NHS and Ampayon ISS (Integrated Secondary School). The city is also home of the Butuan City School of Arts and Trades (BCSAT), a specialization school in the fields of arts and in vocational courses.

As an education hub, Butuan has colleges with a variety of courses. Examples are the Agusan College, Inc., AMA Computer Learning Center (ACLC), Butuan Doctors College, STI College - Butuan, St. Joseph Institute of Technology, Agusan Business and Arts Foundation, Agusan Institute of Technology, Asian College Foundation, Balite Institute of Technology - Butuan, Butuan City Colleges, Butuan City Liga College, Corjesu Computer College, Elisa R. Ochoa Memorial Northern Mindanao School of Midwifery, Father Urios Institute of Technology of Ampayon, Inc., Grand View College, Holy Child Colleges of Butuan City, Philippine Electronics and Communication Institute of Technology, Saint Peter College Seminary, BIT International College - Butuan Branch, and the Sunrise Christian College Foundation of the Philippines.

Big private universities like the Ateneo University and De La Salle University have expressed to put up local branches. Iglesia Ni Cristo-owned New Era University (NEU) confirmed that right after their Centennial Celebration in Bulacan, they will push through with their NEU branches nationwide including one to be in Purok 8, Brgy. Ampayon.

Other schools include the Rainbow of Angels Learning Center, Solid Rock Shilo Mission Academy, Ampayon Central Elementary School, Angelicum Montessori School, Butuan Christian Community School, Florencio R. Sibayan Central Elementary School, Libertad Central Elementary School, Obrero Elementary School, and the Ong Yiu Central Elementary School.

Infrastructure

Transportation

Air

The Butuan National Airport, called Bancasi Airport, serves the general area of Butuan City, located in the province of Agusan del Norte in the Philippines. It is the only airport in the province and largest in the Caraga region. The airport is classified as a trunkline airport, or a major commercial airport, by the Air Transportation Office, a body of the Department of Transportation and Communications that is responsible for the operations of not only this airport but also of all other airports in the Philippines except the major international airports. It also serves more than 400,000 travelers yearly that includes 250,000 local and foreign tourists. Butuan National Airport can also accommodate 5 to 10 flights a day including large number of aircraft via Cebu Pacific and Philippine Airlines operated by PAL Express.

Sea

As a regional commercial and economic hub, the Port of Masao is Butuan's seaport. It was built to avoid having the city depend on the port of Nasipit, Agusan del Norte. The said port will be having more expansion and development to become a seaport with international standards in the region and in Mindanao.

Land

Butuan bus terminal
The main modes of transportation within the city proper is the "orange" tricycle which can accommodate up to 6 or 7 passengers. Another mode of transportation is the small-type jeepneys or multicab vehicles with a seating capacity of at least 15 passengers via fixed routes going to big barangays such as Bancasi, Libertad, Ampayon, Los Angeles and De Oro. Jeepneys, Vans and Buses is also available in Jeepney Terminal, New Integrated Van Terminal and City Integrated Bus Terminal respectively located Langihan Public Area. They also follow fixed routes to outlying barangays, neighboring towns, municipals, cities and provinces. Long distance routes also include cities of Manila, Ormoc, Legazpi, Tacloban, Surigao, Tandag, Bislig (Mangagoy), Davao, Tagum, Cagayan de Oro, Gingoog and soon Malaybalay.
The Macapagal Bridge
The said circumferential is a 14 kilometer diversion road from Brgy. Bancasi to the southern part of the city proper crossing to a PP2.1 Billion Diosdado Macapagal Bridge to the main highway in Baan Km.3 and in Brgy. Antongalon. The Diosdado Macapagal Bridge is the longest bridge in Mindanao, which is 3 kilometers upstream of the old Magsaysay Bridge and provides an alternate route across the Agusan River to connect the Philippine-Japan Friendship Highway (Surigao-Agusan-Davao road) and the Butuan City-Cagayan-Iligan road. The bridge is gaining popularity as the only cable stayed bridge with steel deck and single tower in Mindanao, and it has a total length of about 10.30 kilometers.
It was during the Presidency of Joseph Estrada that the project was approved which was lobbied by the city government way back President Fidel Ramos' time to decongest the traffic of the more than 50-year-old Magsaysay Bridge and create an alternate route. However, it was President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo who approved and implemented the project. The bridge was funded through a Special Yen Loan Package from Japan Bank for International Cooperation (JBIC). The project was started on May 6, 2004 and completed in May 2007.
The new circumferential road consists of 20 kilometer 2-lane road and four (4) new bridges that connects Brgy. Sumilihon to Brgy Banza which crosses 2 small rivers (Taguibo and Banza) before crossing to the Third Bridge in Agusan River and connects to Brgy. Pagatpatan to Brgy. Lumbocan then crosses again in Masao River to reach Brgy. Masao and Brgy. Pinamanculan before connecting to the National Highway in Brgy. Bancasi. The proposed circumferential road will be worth closed to PP2.9 Billion.

Sports and recreation

The Butuan Polysports Football Stadium
Indoor of the Polysports Basketball Arena
With new developments surrounding the old unfinished sports complex facility, the City Government has transferred the sports complex from the 8 hectare complex in Brgy. Libertad to the 38 hectare complex in Brgy. Tiniwisan/Ampayon. The said complex is worth P250 Million for Phase I will be one of the biggest international standard complex in the Philippines. Phase I consists of a 4,000 seater football main bleacher, a 4,000 seater basketball gymnasium, grass football field, and a rubberized track oval. The Phase I of the Polysports Complex was officially opened in 2015. Phase II will consist of a 2nd main bleacher, an Olympic-size swimming pool, and a baseball/softball field with bleachers.

Notable people

Sister cities

Local Sisterhood Pact

International Sisterhood Pact

Gallery

See also

References

  1. 1 2 3 "Brgy". Butuan.gov.ph. Retrieved 2014-01-02.
  2. 1 2 3 http://www.butuan.gov.ph/home/city-government/city-officials.html
  3. 1 2 3 "Province: AGUSAN DEL NORTE". PSGC Interactive. Makati City, Philippines: National Statistical Coordination Board. Retrieved 4 April 2014.
  4. 1 2 3 "Population and Annual Growth Rates for The Philippines and Its Regions, Provinces, and Highly Urbanized Cities" (PDF). 2010 Census and Housing Population. National Statistics Office. Retrieved 4 April 2014.
  5. ↑ http://www.philippinealmanac.com/2010/07/528/the-cultural-influences-of-india-china-arabia-and-japan.html
  6. ↑ UNESCO World Heritage Centre. "Butuan Archeological Sites - UNESCO World Heritage Centre". Whc.unesco.org. Retrieved 2014-01-02.
  7. ↑ "Timeline of history". Retrieved 2009-10-09.
  8. ↑ Scott, William Prehispanic Source Materials: For the Study of Philippine History, p. 66
  9. ↑ Song Shih Chapter 7 to 8
  10. ↑ "A general act for the organization of municipal governments in the Philippine Islands". LawPH.com. Retrieved 2011-04-09.
  11. ↑ Kent Holmes, Wendell Fertig and His Guerrilla Forces in the Philippines: Fighting the Japanese Occupation, 1942-1945 (Jefferson, N.C.: McFarland & Co., 2015), p. 112.
  12. ↑ Keats, J., 1963, They Fought Alone, New York:J.B. Lippincott Company
  13. ↑ Childress, C., 2003, Wendell Fertig's Fictional "Autobiography": A Critical Review of They Fought Alone, Bulletin of the American Historical Collection, Vol. 31, No. 1(23), January 2003
  14. ↑ "R.A. No. 522, Butuan City Charter". LawPH.com. Retrieved 2011-04-09.
  15. ↑ http://www.butuan.gov.ph/home/about-butuan/general-info.html
  16. ↑ http://www.caap.gov.ph/index.php/downloads/viewcategory/13-statistics
  17. ↑ http://www.dbm.gov.ph/?page_id=6690
  18. ↑ http://www.pdic.gov.ph/files/BSDStats/DDD_PBS_ProvinceMunicipality.htm
  19. ↑ http://archives.pia.gov.ph/?m=1&t=1&id=56131&y=2011&mo=12
  20. ↑ https://ph.news.yahoo.com/butuan-attracts-huge-foreign-projects-063645310--finance.html
  21. ↑ http://www.philstar.com/business/2013/08/26/1133961/sm-expands-mindanao
  22. ↑ http://www.camella.com.ph/main/mindanao1/butuan
  23. ↑ http://www.filinvest.com.ph/filinvest-homes-butuan
  24. ↑ "Magsaysay Bridge".
  25. ↑ http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:http://www.dilg.gov.ph/PDF_File/resources/DILG-Resources-201162-99c00c33f8.pdf
  26. ↑ http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri1993/nov1993/gr_109455_1993.html
  27. ↑ http://www.comelec.gov.ph/?r=Elections/2013BarangaySK/res/res9791

External links

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