Lancaster, Pennsylvania

This article is about the Pennsylvania city. For other uses, see Lancaster, Pennsylvania (disambiguation).
Lancaster
Lengeschder
City
City of Lancaster

Skyline of Lancaster, Pennsylvania

Downtown Lancaster, showing the Lancaster County Convention Center, Marriott Hotel, W. W. Griest Building, and Lancaster County Court House.
Flag of Lancaster, Pennsylvania
Flag
Nickname(s): The Red Rose City
Lancaster city's location in Lancaster County
Location in Lancaster County
Lancaster

Location in Pennsylvania

Lancaster

Location in the United States

Coordinates (Penn Square): 40°2′23″N 76°18′16″W / 40.03972°N 76.30444°W / 40.03972; -76.30444Coordinates: 40°2′23″N 76°18′16″W / 40.03972°N 76.30444°W / 40.03972; -76.30444
Country United States
State Pennsylvania
County Lancaster
Founded 1729
Incorporated (borough) 1742
Incorporated (city) 1818
Founded by James Hamilton
Named for Lancaster, Lancashire, England
Seat Lancaster County
Government
 • Type Strong mayor − council
 • Mayor Rick Gray (D)
 • City Council
Area
 • City 7.4 sq mi (19 km2)
 • Land 7.39 sq mi (19.1 km2)
 • Water 0.01 sq mi (0.03 km2)
 • Metro 802 sq mi (2,080 km2)
Elevation 368 ft (112 m)
Population (2010)
 • City 59,322
 • Rank 8th in Pennsylvania
 • Density 8,000/sq mi (3,100/km2)
 • Urban 59,322
 • Metro 507,766
Demonym(s) Lancastrians
Time zone EST (UTC-5)
 • Summer (DST) EDT (UTC-4)
ZIP Codes 17573, 17601−17608, 17611, 17622, 17699
Area code(s) 717
Website cityoflancasterpa.com

Lancaster (/ˈlænkæstər/, local /ˈlæŋkᵻstər/; Pennsylvania German: Lengeschder) is a city located in South Central Pennsylvania which serves as the seat of Pennsylvania's Lancaster County and one of the oldest inland towns in the United States, (along with Springfield, Massachusetts; Petersburg, Virginia; Schenectady, New York, and several other early settlements).[1] With a population of 59,322,[2] it ranks eighth in population among Pennsylvania's cities.[3] The Lancaster metropolitan area population is 507,766,[4] making it the 101st largest metropolitan area in the US and 2nd largest in the South Central Pennsylvania area.[4]

The city's primary industries include healthcare, tourism, public administration, manufacturing, both professional and semi-professional services, and home of the Park City Center shopping mall, the largest indoor retail facility in the region. Lancaster hosts more electronic public CCTV outdoor cameras per capita than cities such as Boston or San Francisco, despite controversy among residents.[5] Lancaster was home to James Buchanan, the nation's 15th president,[6] and to congressman and abolitionist Thaddeus Stevens.[7]

History

Originally called Hickory Town, the city was renamed after the English city of Lancaster by native John Wright. Its symbol, the red rose, is from the House of Lancaster.[8] Lancaster was part of the 1681 Penn's Woods Charter of William Penn, and was laid out by James Hamilton in 1734. It was incorporated as a borough in 1742 and incorporated as a city in 1818.[9]

During the American Revolution, Lancaster was the capital of the United States for one day, on September 27, 1777, after the Continental Congress fled Philadelphia, which had been captured by the British. The revolutionary government then moved still farther away to York, Pennsylvania.[10]

Lancaster was capital of Pennsylvania from 1799 to 1812, after which the capital was moved to Harrisburg.[10]

In 1851, the current Lancaster County Prison was built in the city, styled after Lancaster Castle in England. The prison remains in use, and was used for public hangings until 1912.[11] It replaced a 1737 structure on a different site.

The first paved road in the United States was the former Philadelphia and Lancaster Turnpike, which makes up part of the present-day U.S. Route 30. Opened in 1795, the Turnpike connected the cities of Lancaster and Philadelphia, and was designed by a Scottish engineer named John Loudon McAdam. Lancaster residents are known to use the word "macadam" in lieu of pavement or asphalt.[12] This name is a reference to the paving process named for McAdam.

The city of Lancaster was home to several important figures in American history. Wheatland, the estate of James Buchanan, the fifteenth President of the United States, is one of Lancaster's most popular attractions. Thaddeus Stevens, considered among the most powerful members of the United States House of Representatives, lived in Lancaster as an attorney. Stevens gained notoriety as a Radical Republican and for his abolitionism. The Fulton Opera House in the city was named for Lancaster native Robert Fulton, a renaissance man who created the first fully functional steamboat. All of these individuals have had local schools named after them.

After the American Revolution, the city of Lancaster became an iron-foundry center. Two of the most common products needed by pioneers to settle the Frontier were manufactured in Lancaster: the Conestoga wagon and the Pennsylvania long rifle. The Conestoga wagon was named after the Conestoga River, which runs through the city.[13] The innovative gunsmith William Henry lived in Lancaster and was a U.S. congressman and leader during and after the American Revolution.

In 1803, Meriwether Lewis visited Lancaster to be educated in survey methods by the well-known surveyor Andrew Ellicott. During his visit, Lewis learned to plot latitude and longitude as part of his overall training needed to lead the Lewis and Clark Expedition.[14]

In 1879, Franklin Winfield Woolworth opened his first successful "five and dime" store in the city of Lancaster, the F. W. Woolworth Company.[13]

Lancaster was one of the winning communities for the All-America City award in 2000.[15]

On October 13, 2011, Lancaster's City Council officially recognized September 27 as Capital Day, a holiday recognizing Lancaster's one day as capital of the United States in 1777.

Geography

Lancaster is located at 40°02'23" North, 76°18'16" West (40.039860, −76.304366),[16] and is 368 feet (112 m) above sea level.

The city is located about 34 miles (55 km) southeast of Harrisburg, 70 miles (110 km) west of Philadelphia, 55 miles (89 km) north-northeast of Baltimore and 87 miles (140 km) northeast of Washington, D.C.

The nearest towns and boroughs are Millersville (4.0 miles), Willow Street (4.8 miles), East Petersburg (5.3 miles), Lititz (7.9 miles), Landisville (8.6 miles), Mountville (8.8 miles), Rothsville (8.9 miles), and Leola (8.9 miles).

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 7.4 square miles (19 km2), of which, 7.4 square miles (19 km2) of it is land and 0.14% is water.

Climate

Lancaster has a Humid continental climate (Köppen climate classification Dfa) with hot or very warm summers.

Climate data for Lancaster, Pennsylvania (1981–2010 normals, extremes 1949–present)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °F (°C) 70
(21)		 76
(24)		 88
(31)		 93
(34)		 99
(37)		 97
(36)		 103
(39)		 101
(38)		 99
(37)		 91
(33)		 86
(30)		 76
(24)		 103
(39)
Average high °F (°C) 38.1
(3.4)		 41.4
(5.2)		 51.0
(10.6)		 62.9
(17.2)		 72.6
(22.6)		 81.0
(27.2)		 85.2
(29.6)		 83.5
(28.6)		 76.0
(24.4)		 64.9
(18.3)		 53.8
(12.1)		 42.1
(5.6)		 62.8
(17.1)
Average low °F (°C) 22.0
(−5.6)		 23.8
(−4.6)		 31.1
(−0.5)		 40.5
(4.7)		 50.0
(10)		 59.7
(15.4)		 64.3
(17.9)		 62.6
(17)		 54.8
(12.7)		 43.2
(6.2)		 34.6
(1.4)		 26.3
(−3.2)		 42.8
(6)
Record low °F (°C) −16
(−27)		 −9
(−23)		 −2
(−19)		 16
(−9)		 28
(−2)		 36
(2)		 46
(8)		 37
(3)		 34
(1)		 23
(−5)		 12
(−11)		 −3
(−19)		 −16
(−27)
Average precipitation inches (mm) 2.88
(73.2)		 2.47
(62.7)		 3.27
(83.1)		 3.38
(85.9)		 3.89
(98.8)		 3.94
(100.1)		 4.50
(114.3)		 3.20
(81.3)		 4.56
(115.8)		 3.85
(97.8)		 3.60
(91.4)		 3.27
(83.1)		 42.81
(1,087.4)
Average snowfall inches (cm) 5.5
(14)		 7.5
(19.1)		 1.4
(3.6)		 0.2
(0.5)		 0
(0)		 0
(0)		 0
(0)		 0
(0)		 0
(0)		 0
(0)		 0.4
(1)		 3.3
(8.4)		 18.3
(46.5)
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.01 in) 9.8 8.5 9.9 11.3 12.7 10.7 10.3 9.2 9.1 9.3 10.4 10.2 121.4
Average snowy days (≥ 0.1 in) 3.0 2.1 0.8 0.1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.2 1.3 7.5
Source: NOAA [17][18]

Demographics

Historical population
Census Pop. %±
17903,762—
18004,29214.1%
18105,40525.9%
18206,63322.7%
18307,70416.1%
18408,4179.3%
185012,36947.0%
186017,60342.3%
187020,23314.9%
188025,76927.4%
189032,01124.2%
190041,45929.5%
191047,22713.9%
192053,15012.5%
193059,94912.8%
194061,3452.3%
195063,7744.0%
196061,055−4.3%
197057,690−5.5%
198054,725−5.1%
199055,5511.5%
200056,3481.4%
201059,3225.3%
Est. 201459,302[19]0.0%
Sources:[20][21][22]

As of the 2010 census, the city was 55.2% White, 16.3% Black or African American, 0.7% Native American, 3.0% Asian, 0.1% Native Hawaiian, and 5.8% were two or more races. 39.3% of the population were of Hispanic or Latino ancestry.[23]

As of the census[21] of 2000, there were 56,348 people, 20,933 households, and 12,162 families residing in the city. The population density was 7,616.5 people per square mile (2,940.0/km²). There were 23,024 housing units at an average density of 3,112.1 per square mile (1,201.3/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 61.55% White, 14.09% African American, 0.44% Native American, 2.46% Asian, 0.08% Pacific Islander, 17.44% from other races, and 3.94% from two or more races. 30.76% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

Ethnic groups

The largest ethnic groups in Lancaster as of recent estimates are :[24][25]

In 2010, 29.2% of Lancaster residents were of Puerto Rican ancestry. The city has the second highest concentration of Puerto Ricans in Pennsylvania after Reading. For this reason, it is sometimes referred to as the "Spanish Rose." Lancaster celebrates its Puerto Rican heritage once every year with the Puerto Rican Festival.[26]

The Rohr Jewish Learning Institute and Chabad teach Lancaster's residents.[27]

There were 20,933 households, out of which 31.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 33.4% were married couples living together, 19.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 41.9% were non-families. 33.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 9.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.52 and the average family size was 3.23.

In the city the population was spread out, with 27.5% under the age of 18, 13.9% from 18 to 24, 30.5% from 25 to 44, 17.7% from 45 to 64, and 10.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 30 years. For every 100 females there were 95.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 91.4 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $29,770, and the median income for a family was $34,623. Males had a median income of $27,833 versus $21,862 for females. The per capita income for the city was $13,955. 21.2% of the population and 17.9% of families were below the poverty line. 29.2% of those under the age of 18 and 12.9% of those 65 and older were living below the poverty line. Poverty in Lancaster is twice the state's average, and public school records list more than 900 children as homeless.[28]

Economy

Lancaster streetscape.

Lancaster City has been in the process of recreating itself recently, and there has been a growth of specialty shops, boutiques, bars, clubs, and reinvestment in downtown institutions and locations. In 2005 the creation of "Gallery Row" solidified the status of Lancaster as an arts destination. The art community continues to thrive and expand.

There are also plans to convert an area of unused polluted industrial grounds (i.e., brownfields), which were once occupied by Armstrong World Industries, into playing fields for Franklin & Marshall College. This action is expected to take up most of the former industrial site. The Northwest Corridor will be developed with funds from Lancaster General Hospital. The hospital plans to create a mixed-use development which will add several city blocks to Lancaster’s grid.

Another brownfield site is Burle Business Park, the City's only commercial and industrial park. Devoted to adaptive re-use, this facility originally opened in 1942 as a U.S. Navy electronics research, development and manufacturing plant that was operated by RCA. The Navy facility was purchased after World War II by RCA. Burle Business Park was originally occupied by Burle Industries, the successor company to the RCA New Products Division following the 1986 acquisition of RCA by General Electric Company (GE). The GE acquisition of RCA resulted in the divestiture of this facility and the electronic business, but GE retained certain environmental liabilities that were subdivided into a separate parcel. Burle Industries is a major manufacturer of vacuum tube products, including photomultiplier tubes, power tubes, and imaging tubes. and is the largest U.S. manufacturer of photomultiplier tubes. Burle Industries has completed a voluntary clean-up under the Pennsylvania Land Recycling Program ("Act 2").[29]

Shopping

In addition to Lancaster's boutiques, vintage shops, and art galleries (Gallery Row), there is the Park City Center within the City of Lancaster, Lancaster County, the largest enclosed shopping center in South Central Pennsylvania. The mall includes an excess of 150 stores and is anchored by The Bon-Ton, Boscov's, JCPenney, Kohl's, and Sears. Park City opened in September 1971.[30]

Lancaster Central Market

Built in 1889, the Lancaster Central Market is the oldest continuously operated farmers market in the United States, and many tourists come to purchase the handmade Amish goods that are not commonly found elsewhere.[31] Central Market is also the center of the city's growing 'green' movement, allowing people to purchase organic and/or locally grown foods. Central Market is listed with the National Register of Historic Places, and its towers are of the Romanesque Revival style. The market underwent renovations beginning in July 2010, during which certain sections were closed off; though it remained in operation during this time.[32]

Lancaster also has two outlet shopping centers, both of which are located in East Lampeter township on U.S. Route 30. Tanger Outlets is home to about 65 stores. Rockvale Outlets contains over 100 stores and restaurants as well as a Holiday Inn Express.[33]

Top employers

According to Lancaster's 2009 Comprehensive Annual Financial Report,[34] the top employers in the city are:

# Employer # of Employees
1 Lancaster General Hospital 7,123
2 RR Donnelley 2,723
3 County of Lancaster 2,110
4 Armstrong World Industries 1,654
5 School District of Lancaster 1,643
6 Dart Container 1,582
7 Turkey Hill 1,400

Government

Lancaster operates under a Mayor / Council form of Government. The City has a full range of services including Public Safety, Health, Housing, Parks, Streets & Highways, Water operations and Sewer operations.[35] Rick Gray is the 43rd mayor of Lancaster city. The City Council is composed of seven members: President Louise B. Williams, Patricia A. Coller, Joseph R. Morales, Nelson M. Polite, Sr., Tim J. Roschel, Todd E. Smith, and Jose E. Urdaneta.

Fire Department

Lancaster City Bureau of Fire[36]
Operational area
Country United States
State  Pennsylvania
City Lancaster
Agency overview
Annual calls 3,250
Employees 75
Fire chief Tim Gregg
EMS level BLS First Responder
IAFF 319
Facilities and equipment
Battalions 1
Stations 3
Engines 3
Ladders 1

The city of Lancaster is protected by the Lancaster City Bureau of Fire, which has a staff of 75.[36] The City Bureau of Fire operates out of 3 fire stations, located throughout the city, as well as a maintenance facility. The Bureau operates a fire apparatus fleet of 3 engines, 1 truck, and a shift commander, as well as numerous special, support, and reserve units. The Bureau responds to approximately 3,250 emergency calls annually. The current Fire Chief is Tim Gregg.

Fire truck on West Orange Street in Lancaster

Police Department

The city of Lancaster is protected by the City of Lancaster Bureau of Police. Founded in 1865, the Bureau of Police is located at 39 W. Chestnut St. in Downtown Lancaster, and consists of approximately 147 sworn officers and 46 civilian employees. The Bureau of Police operates out of twelve sectors, or districts, and operates in four Divisions, including Patrol, Criminal Investigative, Administrative Services, and Contracted Services. The Bureau also remains the largest law enforcement agency in Lancaster County. The current Chief of Police is Keith R. Sadler.[37][38]

Security camera controversy

Not long after a police officer was wounded in a February 17, 2000 daytime shootout near the center of Lancaster's Penn Square, community residents, law enforcement, and elected officials sought viable solutions to rising crime in downtown. Addressing issues of public safety was a goal when the Lancaster County Crime Commission convened in August 2000. Public meetings and discussions were held over a two-year period. Among the seventeen recommendations in the Crime Commission's 2003 report was to explore the feasibility of a civilian-driven system of security cameras to support law enforcement and first responders.

Lancaster's citizens did not want to have a government- or police-operated system of cameras. The Lancaster Community Safety Coalition (LCSC) organized and was registered with the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania as a nonprofit in 2004. Its goals included operating a video surveillance system, but it also developed to work on safety by design and community mobilization.[39] Paid LCSC staff are background-checked by the FBI and trained to monitor the network of 164 closed-circuit TV cameras in the city of Lancaster. The community organization is also interested in stimulating economic development in downtown by creating a safe environment.

In 2009, the LCSC's expansion from a 70 to a 165-camera network attracted national attention, including a front page article in the Los Angeles Times: "Lancaster, Pa., keeps a close eye on itself".[28][40] The article quoted city police chief Keith Sadler as saying, "Years ago, there's no way we could do this...It brings to mind Big Brother, George Orwell and 1984. It's just funny how Americans have softened on these issues."[28]

Prior to the Los Angeles Times article, there had been little public opposition to the CCTV camera system. Data showed it had contributed to the prosecution or prevention of several crimes.[41] But, in response to the national coverage, a small but vocal group of opponents developed, who wanted to turn off the cameras, "possibly for good."[39] The MSNBC commentator Keith Olbermann highlighted the issue in his 'Worst Person in the World' segment, criticizing the citizens for "spying on each other."[40] ABC's Nightline and CBS Evening News also covered the citizen-operated surveillance system.[39]

Politics

Registered Democrats hold a 13,000 voter registration advantage over registered Republicans, as of June 2009.[42] U.S. presidential candidate Barack Obama easily won the city of Lancaster, receiving 76% of the vote during the 2008 presidential election.[43]

Federally, Lancaster is part of Pennsylvania's 16th congressional district, represented by Republican Joe Pitts, elected in 1996.

The state's senior member of the United States Senate is Democrat Bob Casey, elected in 2006. The state's junior member of the United States Senate is Republican Pat Toomey, elected in 2010. The Governor of Pennsylvania is Democrat Tom Wolf of neighboring York County, elected in 2014. Additionally, the city of Lancaster is the headquarters of the Constitution Party.

Lancaster was home to Democrat James Buchanan, the fifteenth president of the United States. Buchanan arrived in Lancaster in 1809 to practice law. He took up residence near the courthouse on N. Duke Street. In 1848 he purchased Wheatland, a Federal style mansion in the suburbs. He was elected President in 1856.[44]

Neighborhoods

Row houses and Stehli mills, c. 1941. Photo by Lewis Hine.
Cabbage Hill, c. 1941. Photo by Lewis Hine.

Transportation

The Route 16 bus leaving Millersville inbound to Lancaster.

The Red Rose Transit Authority (RRTA) provides local bus transit to Lancaster City as well as surrounding areas in Lancaster County. RRTA is headquartered outside the City of Lancaster.

Bieber Tourways (formerly Capitol Trailways) provides intercity bus transit from the Lancaster Train and Bus Station to King of Prussia, Philadelphia, and New York City to the east, and York and Harrisburg to the west.

Amtrak also serves the Lancaster Train and Bus Station, located on the northernmost edge of the city at 53 East McGovern Avenue. The Pennsylvanian, with service between Pittsburgh and Philadelphia, as well as the Keystone Service, which runs from Harrisburg to New York via Philadelphia, both serve Lancaster.[47] The city is served by the Lancaster Airport, located six miles (10 km) north of downtown and just south of Lititz.

Lancaster is also a hub for automobile traffic, with many major roadways passing through or around the city, including US-30, US-222, PA-283, PA-72, and PA-272.

Historical landmarks

Rock Ford Plantation

Many of Lancaster's landmarks are significant in local, state, and national history.

Art and museums

The city of Lancaster has art, craft and historical museums. The Demuth Museum is located in the former home of the well-known painter Charles Demuth, who had a national reputation in the 20th century. Additional art museums include the Lancaster Museum of Art and the Philips Museum of Art on the campus of Franklin & Marshall College. Art students at the state-of-the-art Pennsylvania College of Art and Design present their works at the academy's gallery, which is open to the public. LancasterARTS, a non-profit organization founded in 2002, promotes contemporary arts and crafts.[49]

Lancaster city has a thriving art community. Gallery Row on the 100 block of North Prince St. features a block of art galleries, and the city proper has over 40 galleries and artists studios. The Galleries host a "First Friday" each month, extending business hours to exhibit new artwork and new artists to the public.

The Lancaster County Quilts and Textile Museum, completed in 2007, celebrates the art of the hand-sewn quilts and other textile items produced by women of the region's Amish and Mennonite communities. The Lancaster Mennonite Historical Society Museum and the Heritage Center Museum display artifacts and interpret the region's unique history. Children can have a hands-on experience with educational learning at the Hands-on House, also known as Children's Museum of Lancaster. Nature and geology-minded visitors can view the more earthly exhibits of the Louise Arnold Tanger Arboretum and the North Museum of Natural History and Science.

Upon completion, the Lancaster County Convention Center will incorporate the Stevens and Smith Historic Site. This museum that will include the preserved home of US Senator Thaddeus Stevens and his companion Lydia Hamilton Smith. In addition to its exhibits, the underground portion of the site will feature a recently discovered Underground Railroad feature: a converted water cistern used in the antebellum years to hide fugitive slaves on their way to freedom.

In Lancaster County, the Landis Valley Museum in Manheim Township has exhibits that interpret the county's history and culture, especially as a center of ethnic German Amish and Mennonite culture.

Sports

Club League Sport Venue Capacity Founded Championships
Lancaster Barnstormers ALPB Baseball Clipper Magazine Stadium 6,000 2005 (2) 2006, 2012
AFC Lancaster Lions ASL Soccer Lancaster Mennonite School 200 2015 0
Lancaster Inferno UWS Women's soccer Pucillo Field 700 2007 0

Baseball

Clipper Magazine Stadium

The Barnstormers played their inaugural season in 2005, filling Lancaster's 44-year period without professional baseball since the demise of the Red Roses. Their main Atlantic League rival is the Revolution from nearby York.

Lancaster is the hometown of the Major League Baseball alumnus, Tom Herr. He played for the Philadelphia Phillies, the New York Mets, and the San Francisco Giants before ending his career with the St. Louis Cardinals. Herr subsequently coached the Hempfield High School Black Knights baseball team for several years. He also managed the Lancaster Barnstormers in their first season. In 2006, Herr led the club to their first-ever Atlantic League championship over the Bridgeport Bluefish.

Cycling

The Lancaster Bicycle Club hosts an annual Covered Bridge Metric Century bicycle race. In 2010, more than 2,500 riders participated.[50]

The city of Lancaster hosted the Tom Bamford Lancaster Classic, an international, professional bicycle racing event held each June since 1992. It was part of the 2006–2007 UCI America Tour and the 2007 USA Cycling Professional Tour.

Golf

Professional golf is well represented by the Professional Golf Association's Jim Furyk. He placed 4th in the 1998 and 2003 Masters tournament, won the 2003 U.S. Open, placed 4th in the 1997, 1998, and 2006 British Open, and placed 6th in the 1997 PGA championship. Furyk also won the Vardon Trophy in 2006. He is an alumnus of Manheim Township High School, located in the immediate suburb of Manheim Township.

The 2015 U.S. Women's Open was held at the Lancaster Country Club.[51]

Soccer

The Women's Premier Soccer League added the Lancaster Inferno in the 2008 season. The WPSL is a FIFA-recognized Division IV league, and is also included in the fourth tier of the American soccer pyramid. The Inferno is owned by the Pennsylvania Classics organization and play their home games at the Hempfield High School stadium in Landisville. The Inferno's colors are black and white.

Field Hockey

In 2013, USA Field Hockey announced their intentions to move its national training center for the United States women's national field hockey team to Lancaster County. They have signed with Spooky Nook Sports through 2022 after searching for many years for a Northeastern site.[52]

Amateur sports in Lancaster

Lancaster's suburban area hosts several amateur sports teams. Ice hockey is represented by the Central Penn Panthers, a member of the junior-level Atlantic Metropolitan Hockey League, and both the Lancaster Firebirds, and Regency Panthers youth amateur ice hockey organization of the USA Hockey's Atlantic District.[53][54] American football is represented by the Lancaster Lightning, a member of the semi-professional North American Football League, that plays in nearby Kinzers. A close cousin of American football, rugby, is represented by the Roses Rugby Football Club of the Mid Atlantic Rugby Football Union, of which the Roses RFC are the 2005 champion. Roller derby is represented by the Dutchland Derby Rollers, an all-female roller derby team which plays to raise money for various charities,[55] currently ranked #23 in the world by Derby News Network.[56]

Historical Lancaster teams

The Lancaster Red Roses of the Eastern Professional Baseball League are the most well-known of Lancaster's defunct teams. They played from 1906 to 1909, and from 1940 to their last season in 1961. The Red Roses were called the "Lancaster Maroons" from 1896 to 1899 and the "Lancaster Red Sox" in 1932.

The "Lancaster Red Roses" was also the name of a basketball franchise in the Continental Basketball Association (at that time, the Eastern Professional Basketball League) from 1946 to 1949, and from 1953 to 1955. The CBA later hosted another Lancaster team called the Lightning from 1981 to 1985. The Lightning later moved to Rockford, Illinois, where they played until the 2007 season. The Storm of the Eastern Basketball Alliance played from 1997 to 2000, winning the league championship in 1999. The last professional basketball team to call Lancaster home was the Liberty, who played as a member of the now-defunct Global Professional Basketball League in 2009.

Inventions

Hamilton pocketwatch

Education

Education in Lancaster is provided by many private and public institutions. The School District of Lancaster runs the city's public schools. The local high school campuses are McCaskey and McCaskey East. Established in 1836, it is the second oldest school district in Pennsylvania.[57] Lancaster Catholic High School has a long history in the county; it was founded in 1926. It currently falls under the jurisdiction of the diocese of Harrisburg. With a P-12 enrollment of more than 500 students, Lancaster Country Day School is one of the region's largest independent nonsectarian schools. Founded in 1908 as the Shippen School for Girls, the school became coeducational and relocated from downtown Lancaster to its Hamilton Road address in 1949. La Academia Partnership Charter School, opened in 1998 serves grades 6-12. The school is the only public charter in Lancaster County and is open to any student residing in the county. Manheim Township School District is a four-year public high school located in Lancaster Pennsylvania. It is the only high school in the Manheim Township School District. It is supported by a 7th and 8th grade middle school, a 5th and 6th grade intermediate school, and five elementary schools. In 2008, Manheim Township High School was named one of the Top 505 High Schools in the nation by US World and News Report. It is also known for graduating professional golfer Jim Furyk.

On May 13, 2015, Lancaster City was named the number one best city in the country to be a teacher by GoodCall.[58] The top 10 list was based on average annual teacher salary, available teaching jobs, teaching jobs per capita, high school graduation rates, cost of living and amenities. Data was gathered from the U.S. Census, Indeed.com, the National Center for Education Statistics, and WalkScore.com.

Lancaster area hosts several colleges and universities including: Consolidated School of Business, Franklin & Marshall College, Lancaster General College of Nursing & Health Sciences, Lancaster Theological Seminary, Lancaster Bible College, Pennsylvania College of Art and Design, Thaddeus Stevens College of Technology, Millersville University of Pennsylvania, Central Pennsylvania College, and the Harrisburg Area Community College.

Media

Print

TV

TV stations
call letters channel network location Owner
WGAL 8 8.1 NBC Lancaster Hearst Corporation
WGAL – DT2 8.2 TH!S Movie Network Lancaster Hearst Corporation
TeleCentro TV Comcast 949 Public access Lancaster Spanish American Civic Association

Radio stations

By FM frequency
By AM frequency
By callsign

Local businesses

The businesses that are based in the vicinity of Lancaster include: Armstrong World Industries, Auntie Anne's, Fulton Bank, Fulton Financial Corporation, Herley Industries, Isaac's Restaurant & Deli, Kunzler & Company, Inc., Lancaster Brewing Company, Lancaster Laboratories, MapQuest, Opening Day Partners, Y&S Candies division of The Hershey Company, and the Lancaster Caramel Company (the original parent company of the Hershey Company). Notable nonprofit organizations include Hope International and Water Street Ministries.

Sister cities

See also

References

  1. ↑ "History of the City of Lancaster". City of Lancaster. Retrieved 21 July 2011.
  2. ↑ "The Most Populous Counties and the Most Populous Cities and Townships in 2010 in Pennsylvania" (xls). US Census Bureau. Retrieved 5 April 2011.
  3. ↑ "GCT-T1-R. Population Estimates (geographies ranked by estimate)". Pennsylvania – Place and County Subdivision. US Census Bureau. Retrieved 31 March 2011.
  4. 1 2 "Annual Estimates of the Population of Metropolitan and Micropolitan Statistical Areas: April 1, 2000 to July 1, 2009" (CSV). 2009 Population Estimates. United States Census Bureau, Population Division. March 23, 2010. Retrieved March 29, 2010.
  5. ↑ Press, Associated. "Surveillance cameras in Lancaster, Pennsylvania prompt privacy concerns". the Guardian. Retrieved 2015-12-28.
  6. ↑ "James Buchanan's Wheatland--Presidents: A Discover Our Shared Heritage Travel Itinerary". www.nps.gov. Retrieved 2015-12-28.
  7. ↑ "Thaddeus Stevens". History Net: Where History Comes Alive - World & US History Online. Retrieved 2015-12-28.
  8. ↑ History of Lancaster
  9. ↑ "Lancaster County History". PHMC. Retrieved August 1, 2006.
  10. 1 2 City of Lancaster, PA
  11. ↑ Lancaster County Prison overview
  12. ↑ Pennsylvanian use of the term, "macadam"
  13. 1 2 Encyclopædia Britannica's page on Lancaster, PA
  14. ↑ Lewis and Clark Expo timeline
  15. ↑ Archived February 1, 2015, at the Wayback Machine.
  16. ↑ "US Gazetteer files: 2010, 2000, and 1990". United States Census Bureau. 2011-02-12. Retrieved 2011-04-23.
  17. ↑ "NowData - NOAA Online Weather Data". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved 2015-07-27.
  18. ↑ "Station Name: PA LANCASTER 2NE FLTR PLT". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved 2015-07-27.
  19. ↑ "Annual Estimates of the Resident Population for Incorporated Places: April 1, 2010 to July 1, 2014". Retrieved June 4, 2015.
  20. ↑ "Census of Population and Housing". U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved 11 December 2013.
  21. 1 2 "American FactFinder". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved 2008-01-31.
  22. ↑ "Incorporated Places and Minor Civil Divisions Datasets: Subcounty Resident Population Estimates: April 1, 2010 to July 1, 2012". Population Estimates. U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved 11 December 2013.
  23. ↑ USAToday.com
  24. ↑ "population". Lancaster Online. Retrieved September 18, 2006.
  25. ↑ "population2". Lancaster Online. Retrieved September 18, 2006.
  26. ↑ "Puerto Rican Festival". Lancaster Online. Retrieved September 18, 2006.
  27. ↑ Bitting, Diane (October 24, 2015). "Where does your soul go when you die? Six-part course at Rohr Chabad Jewish Center will explore the spiritual dimension of existence". Lancaster, PA. Lancasteronline.com.
  28. 1 2 3 Lancaster, Pa., keeps a close eye on itself
  29. ↑ PADEP, appendices of Act 2 annual reports
  30. ↑ Schuyler, David. A City Transformed: Redevelopment, Race, and Suburbanization in Lancaster, Pennsylvania. Retrieved 30 July 2012.
  31. ↑ "History of Central Market". LancasterPA.net. Archived from the original on February 11, 2006. Retrieved May 30, 2006.
  32. ↑ "Behind The Scenes At Central Market". WGAL-TV News Broadcast (Video). 5 November 2010. Retrieved 9 December 2010.
  33. ↑ Fodor's Philadelphia and the Pennsylvania Dutch Country. Fodor's. 2007. p. 234. ISBN 978-1-4000-1822-2. Retrieved 26 January 2011.
  34. ↑ City of Lancaster CAFR
  35. ↑ Lancaster City Assets & Resources. Lancaster City Living. Retrieved on 2013-07-23.
  36. 1 2 "Fire". City of Lancaster, Pennsylvania. Retrieved June 2015.
  37. ↑ Archived June 2, 2015, at the Wayback Machine.
  38. ↑ A Brief History of the Lancaster Bureau of Police | Lancaster City Bureau of Police. Lancasterpolice.com (2013-06-22). Retrieved on 2013-07-23.
  39. 1 2 3 "Lancaster's candid cameras: Who funds them and what the controversial videos show",
  40. 1 2 "Keeping watch on the city's cameras", Lancaster Online
  41. ↑ "Results of CCTV", Lancaster Online, 2009
  42. ↑ Harris, Bernard (2009-06-26). "It's official: Smithgall running for mayor again". Lancaster New Era. Retrieved 2009-10-31.
  43. ↑ "Smithgall 'probably' running for mayor again". Lancaster New Era. 2009-05-21. Retrieved 2009-10-31.
  44. ↑ Donovan, Sandra (2005). James Buchanan. Lerner Publications. p. 21. ISBN 978-0-8225-1399-5.
  45. ↑ Cabbage Hill. Lancaster City Living. Retrieved on 2013-07-23.
  46. ↑
  47. ↑ http://www.amtrak.com/servlet/ContentServer?c=am2Station&pagename=am%2Fam2Station%2FStation_Page&cid=1229726268117 amtrak.com
  48. ↑ "Jan. 3, 1957: Debut of the Electric Watch, a Space Age Marvel". Wired. January 3, 2008.
  49. ↑ LancasterARTS cultivating an environment where arts can flourish in Lancaster, PA. Lancasterarts.com. Retrieved on 2013-07-23.
  50. ↑ Lancaster Bicycle Club - Bike Club - Lancaster County, PA. Lancasterbikeclub.org (2010-08-15). Retrieved on 2013-07-23.
  51. ↑ Lancaster Country Club to host the U.S. Women's Open
  52. ↑ USA Field Hockey moving base to Lancaster. Spooky Nook Sports (2013-01-22). Retrieved on 2013-07-23.
  53. ↑ Lancaster Firebirds
  54. ↑ Regency Panthers Youth Ice Hockey Club
  55. ↑ Dutchland Rollers
  56. ↑ Derby News Network
  57. ↑ Lancaster: Education and Research
  58. ↑ The Best Places to Be a Teacher in the U.S.

Further reading

External links

Wikivoyage has a travel guide for Lancaster,PA.
Preceded by
Philadelphia		 Capital of the United States of America
1777 		Succeeded by
York
 Harrisburg Lititz Ephrata, Reading
York Coatesville, Philadelphia
   Lancaster  
Millersville Willow Street Quarryville
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