Eddisbury by-election, 1943

The Eddisbury by-election, 1943 was a parliamentary by-election for the British House of Commons constituency of Eddisbury on 7 April 1943.

Vacancy

The by-election was caused by the death of the sitting Liberal National MP, Richard John Russell on 5 February 1943. He had been MP here since gaining the seat from the Conservatives in 1929.

Election history

From 1885 when the seat was created to 1931, Eddisbury had been a battleground constituency between the Liberals and the Conservatives. Since the formation of the National Government in 1931, that situation changed when the Liberal MP, Richard Russell broke from the official party to join the Liberal National group. Since then, the local Conservatives were happy to support Russell as if he were one of their own and he was returned unopposed in both the 1931 and 1935 General Elections. The Labour party was traditionally very weak in the constituency, and had never fielded a candidate. After 1935, there was increasing disenchantment within Eddisbury Liberal Association over its support for Russell and his support for an increasingly Conservative dominated National Government. Matters came to a head in 1939 as the parties prepared for a General Election. Those Eddisbury Liberals who opposed the National Government, broke away and formed a new Liberal Association, that was recognised by and affiliated to the official Liberal party, led by Sir Archibald Sinclair. They also selected a candidate, William Gretton Ward, to oppose Russell at the General Election. However, due to the outbreak of war, the election did not take place.

Candidates

The local Liberal Nationals who had the right to choose the government candidate selected local farmer, Thomas Peacock, a known Conservative.^[1] He had been Chairman of Chester Farmers Ltd since 1924. He had been a Member of Council of the National Farmers’ Union since 1934 and was President from 1939-1941. He had been a member of Cheshire County Council since 1931. He was a member of Cheshire County War Agricultural Committee and he became a member of the Red Cross Agricultural Fund Committee in 1940. In 1942 he had been awarded a CBE.^[2]

Outraged by the Liberal Nationals fielding a known Conservative, a number of the Eddisbury Liberals got together and selected 47-year-old Chester man, Harold Heathcote-Williams as their candidate. He was a Barrister, having been Called to the Bar, Inner Temple, in 1923.^[3] He had stood as Liberal candidate at South Poplar in 1924 and 1929 coming second both times. At the last General Election, he had fought the neighbouring Cheshire seat of Knutsford, finishing second.^[4] However, in accordance with the terms of the wartime electoral truce, he was not endorsed by party headquarters.

Former Liberal MP, Richard Acland had formed the Common Wealth Party in 1942 expressly to fight by-elections in opposition to the all-party electoral truce. He saw Eddisbury as a good opportunity to defeat the government candidate and enlisted John Eric Loverseed to be his own party's candidate. Loverseed was a 33-year-old fighter pilot with the RAF who had fought in the Battle of Britain and before that, on the Republican side in the Spanish Civil War. He was the son of a former Liberal MP, John Frederick Loverseed. However, he had no connection with the constituency, unlike the other two candidates.

Campaign

Polling day was set for 7 April 1943. When nominations closed, it was to reveal a three horse race, between a Conservative who called himself a 'Liberal National', a Liberal who wanted to call himself 'the Liberal' but couldn't and the son of a Liberal.

Peacock received a joint letter of endorsement from all the leaders of the parties in the coalition, including Sir Archibald Sinclair, much to the irritation of Heathcote Williams. The Peacock campaign used the slogan "Hitler is watching Eddisbury" in the hope that it would stir feelings of Patriotic duty among the electorate.^[5]

Common Wealth party leader Richard Acland put much of his own money into funding Loverseed's campaign, which also had the financial backing of Alan Good, head of Brush Electrical Engineering Co. Ltd.. Ronald William Gordon Mackay was appointed as Loverseed's agent. Loverseed's campaign downplayed his party's commitment to common ownership, and emphasised its liberal policies. Loverseed proved to be a strong campaigner who 'captured the imagination of the working classes and the young people and made a real stir.' ^[6]

Farm wages were a major issue of the campaign,^[7] reflecting the agricultural nature of the constituency. Though this did not seem to work in the favour of Peacock, despite his farming background.

Result

Loverseed won, being the first Common Wealth Party candidate to win an election.

Eddisbury by-election, 1943 [8] Electorate
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Common Wealth	Warrant Off. John Eric Loverseed	8,023	43.7	n/a
	Liberal National	Thomas Peacock	7,537	41.0	n/a
	Independent Liberal	Harold Heathcote-Williams	2,803	15.3	n/a
Majority			486	2.7	n/a
Turnout			18,363	56.1	n/a
	Common Wealth gain from Liberal National		Swing	n/a

Aftermath

Loverseed left the Common Wealth Party in November 1944, becoming an independent, and then joining the Labour Party in May 1945. Standing now as a Labour candidate, he found himself opposed by a genuine Liberal National and was defeated. The result at the following General election;

General Election 1945: Eddisbury [9] Electorate 35,224
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Liberal National	Sir John Denman Barlow	15,294	57.7	+16.7
	Labour	Warrant Off. John Eric Loverseed	7,392	27.9	-15.8
	Liberal	Cmdr. Dunstan Michael Carr Curtis	3,808	14.4	-0.9
Majority			7,902	29.8
Turnout			26,494	75.2	32.5
	Liberal National gain from Common Wealth		Swing	+16.2

See also

• List of United Kingdom by-elections
• United Kingdom by-election records

References

1. By-Elections in British Politics by Cook and Ramsden
2. http://www.ukwhoswho.com
3. http://www.ukwhoswho.com
4. F W S Craig, British Parliamentary Election Results 1918-1949; Political Reference Publications, Glasgow 1949
5. By-Elections in British Politics by Cook and Ramsden
6. Mass Observation file report no 1669n
7. By-Elections in British Politics by Cook and Ramsden
8. F W S Craig, British Parliamentary Election Results 1918-1949; Political Reference Publications, Glasgow 1949
9. F W S Craig, British Parliamentary Election Results 1918-1949; Political Reference Publications, Glasgow 1949