Game Boy

For the entire Game Boy line of handheld consoles, see Game Boy line.
Game Boy
Manufacturer Nintendo
Product family Game Boy line
Type Handheld game console
Generation Fourth generation
Retail availability
  • JP April 21, 1989[1]
  • NA July 31, 1989[2]
  • EU September 28, 1990
Introductory price Game Boy:
¥?/US$89.95[3]/AU$?
Discontinued March 23, 2003[4]
Units sold Worldwide: 118.69 million (including Game Boy (Play it Loud!), Game Boy Pocket, Game Boy Light and Color units)
Media ROM cartridge
CPU Sharp LR35902 core @ 4.19 MHz
Best-selling game Tetris, 30.26 million (pack-in/separately)
Pokémon Red and Blue, 23.64 million approximately (as of January 18, 2009).[5]
Predecessor Game & Watch
Successor Game Boy Pocket (redesign)
Game Boy Light (redesign)
Game Boy Color (successor)[6]

The Game Boy (Japanese: ゲームボーイ Hepburn: Gēmu Bōi) is an 8-bit handheld video game device developed and manufactured by Nintendo. It was released in Japan on April 21, 1989, in North America on July 31, 1989, and in Europe on September 28, 1990. It is the first handheld console in the Game Boy line, and was created by Gunpei Yokoi and Nintendo Research & Development 1—the same staff who had designed the Game & Watch series as well as several popular games for the Nintendo Entertainment System.[7] Redesigned versions were released in 1996 and 1998, in the form of Game Boy Pocket, and Game Boy Light (Japan only), respectively.

The Game Boy is Nintendo's second handheld system following the Game & Watch series introduced in 1980, and it combined features from both the Nintendo Entertainment System and Game & Watch.[7] It was originally bundled with the puzzle game Tetris.[8]

As part of the fourth generation of gaming, the Game Boy competed with the Sega Game Gear, Atari Lynx, and the TurboExpress. Despite these other handheld consoles,[9] the Game Boy was a tremendous success. The Game Boy and its successor, the Game Boy Color,[6] have both combined sold 118.69 million units worldwide. Upon its release in the United States, it sold its entire shipment of one million units within a few weeks.[10]

Hardware

The Game Boy has four operation buttons labeled "A", "B", "SELECT", and "START", as well as a directional pad.[11] There is a volume control dial on the right side of the console and a similar knob on the left side to adjust the contrast.[12] At the top of the Game Boy, a sliding on-off switch and the slot for the Game Boy cartridges are located.[13] The on-off switch includes a physical lockout to prevent users from either inserting or removing a cartridge while the unit is switched on. Nintendo recommends users leave a cartridge in the slot to prevent dust and dirt from entering the system.[14]

The Game Boy also contains optional input and/or output connectors. On the left side of the system is an external 3.5mm x 1.35mm DC power supply jack that allows users to use an external rechargeable battery pack or AC adapter (sold separately) instead of four AA batteries.[15] The Game Boy requires 6 V DC of at least 150 mA.[16] A 3.5 mm stereo headphone jack is located on the bottom side of the console which allows users to listen to the audio with the bundled headphones or external speakers.[17]

The right-side of the device offers a port which allows a user to connect to another Game Boy system via a link cable, provided both users are playing the same game.[18] The port can also be used to connect a Game Boy Printer. The link cable was originally designed for players to play head-to-head two-player games such as in Tetris. However, game developer Satoshi Tajiri would later use the link cable technology as a method of communication and networking in the popular Pokémon video game series.[19]

Technical specifications

The Game Boy runs on 4 AA batteries
A Game Boy, opened

Launch games

Launch Title Japan North America Europe
Super Mario Land Yes Yes Yes
Alleyway Yes Yes Yes
Baseball Yes Yes Yes
Yakuman Yes No[24] No[24]
Tetris No Yes Yes
Tennis No Yes No

Revisions

Play It Loud!

Play It Loud! Transparent Game Boy, North American Edition

On January 1, 1995, Nintendo released several Game Boy models with colored cases, advertising them in the "Play It Loud!" campaign[25] (Japanese name: Game Boy Bros. /ゲームボーイブロス Gēmu Bōi Burosu/ゲームボーイブラザース Gēmu Bōi Burazāsu). Specifications for this unit remain exactly the same as the original Game Boy, including the monochromatic screen. This new line of colored Game Boys would set a precedent for later Nintendo handhelds; every one of them since has been available in more than one color. Play It Loud! units were manufactured in red, green, black, yellow, white, blue, and clear (transparent) or sometimes called X-Ray in the UK. Most common are the yellow, red, clear and black, Green and blue are fairly scarce but blue and white are the rarest. Blue was a Europe and Japan only release, White was a Japanese majority release with UK Toys R Us stores also getting it as an exclusive edition to them. The white remains the rarest of all the Play it Loud colors. A rare, limited edition Manchester United Game Boy is red, with the logos of the team emblazoned on it. It was released simultaneously with the Play it Loud! handhelds in the United Kingdom. The Play It Loud's screens also have a darker border than the normal Game Boy.

Game Boy Pocket

The 1st release Game Boy Pocket
The original Game Boy lacked a backlight. Multiple third party addons were made to fix this.

In 1996, Nintendo released the Game Boy Pocket: a smaller, lighter unit that required fewer batteries. It has space for two AAA batteries, which provide approximately 10 hours of game play.[26] Additionally the unit is also fitted with a 3 volt, 2.35mm x 0.75mm DC jack which can be used to power the system. The Pocket has a smaller link port, which requires an adapter to link with the older Game Boy. The port design is used on all subsequent Game Boy models, excluding the Game Boy Micro. The screen was changed to a true black-and-white display, rather than the "pea soup" monochromatic display of the original Game Boy. Also, the Game Boy Pocket (GBP) has a larger screen than the Game Boy Color (GBC) that later superseded it. The GBP's screen has a 65 mm (2.56 in) diagonal, 48.5 mm (1.91 in) width, and 43.5 mm (1.71 in) height, compared to a 59 mm (2.32 in) diagonal for the GBC. Although, like its predecessor, the Game Boy Pocket has no backlight to allow play in a darkened area, it did notably improve visibility and pixel response-time (virtually eliminating video ghosting). The first version did not have a power LED. This was soon added due to public demand, along with new Game Boy Pocket units of different colors (released on April 28, 1997), some of them new to the Game Boy line. There were several limited-edition Game Boy Pockets including a metallic Ice Blue unit and a pink model exclusive to Japan. The Game Boy Pocket was not a new software platform and played the same software as the original Game Boy model.

Game Boy Light

Game Boy Light

The Game Boy Light was released on April 14, 1998 for ¥6,800[27] and was only available in Japan. The Game Boy Light is only slightly bigger than the Game Boy Pocket and features an electroluminescent backlight for low-light conditions. It uses 2 AA batteries, which gave it approximately 20 hours with the light off and 12 with it on. It was available in two standard colors, gold and silver, as well as numerous special editions - an Astro Boy edition with a clear case with an Astro Boy picture on it, an Osamu Tezuka World edition with a clear red case and a picture of his characters, a solid yellow Pokémon Center Tokyo version, a clear 'skeleton' Famitsu edition which had only 5,000 units released, and a clear yellow edition.

Reception

In its first two weeks in Japan, from its release on April 21, 1989, the entire stock consisting of 300,000 units was sold; a few months later, the Game Boy's release in the United States on July 31, 1989 saw 40,000 units sold on its first day.[28] The Game Boy and Game Boy Color combined have sold 118.69 million units worldwide, with 32.47 million units in Japan, 44.06 million in the Americas, and 42.16 million in other regions. By Japanese fiscal year 1997, before Game Boy Color's release in late-1998, the Game Boy alone had sold 64.42 million units worldwide.[4][29] At a March 14, 1994 press conference in San Francisco, Nintendo vice president of marketing Peter Main answered queries about when Nintendo was coming out with a color handheld system by stating that sales of the Game Boy were strong enough that they had decided to hold off on developing a successor handheld for the near future.[30]

In 1995, Nintendo of America announced that 46% of Game Boy players were female, which was higher than the percentage of female players for both the Nintendo Entertainment System (29%) and Super Nintendo Entertainment System (14%).[31] In 2009, the Game Boy was inducted into the National Toy Hall of Fame, 20 years after its introduction.[32] As of June 6, 2011, Game Boy and Game Boy Color games are available on the Virtual Console service on the Nintendo 3DS's Nintendo eShop.[33]

See also

References

  1. ↑ "retrodiary: 1 April – 28 April". Retro Gamer (Bournemouth: Imagine Publishing) (88): 17. April 2011. ISSN 1742-3155. OCLC 489477015.
  2. ↑ White, Dave (July 1989). "Gameboy Club". Electronic Gaming Monthly (3): 68.
  3. ↑ "Happy 20th b-day, Game Boy: here are 6 reasons why you’re #1". Ars Technica. September 7, 2015.
  4. 1 2 "Consolidated Sales Transition by Region". Nintendo. January 27, 2010. Archived from the original (PDF) on February 14, 2010. Retrieved February 14, 2010.
  5. ↑ "ELSPA Sales Awards: Platinum". Entertainment and Leisure Software Publishers Association. Archived from the original on May 15, 2009. Retrieved January 18, 2009.
  6. 1 2 Umezu; Sugino. Nintendo 3DS (Volume 3 – Nintendo 3DS Hardware Concept) (Transcript). Interview with Satoru Iwata. Iwata Asks. Nintendo. Retrieved March 20, 2013.
  7. 1 2 Beuscher, Dave. "allgame ((( Game Boy > Overview )))". Allgame. Retrieved September 11, 2008. A team headed by Gunpei Yokoi designed the Game Boy. Yokoi had previously designed hand held games for Nintendo with the cartridge based Game & Watch system, introduced in 1980. His staff, called Research and Development (R and D) team #1, had designed the successful NES games Metroid and Kid Icarus. What Yokoi's team did was create a hybrid of the NES and the Game & Watch systems..
  8. ↑ McFerran, Damien. "The Making of Gameboy" (PDF). Issue. Retro Gamer Magazine. pp. 42–47. Retrieved January 30, 2011.
  9. ↑ "AtariAge - Lynx History". AtariAge. Retrieved August 23, 2010. Released in 1989, the Lynx offered multi-player functionality, 3D graphic capabilities, reversible controls, and a backlit color LCD screen.
  10. ↑ Kent 2001, p. 416. "According to an article in Time magazine, the one million Game Boys sent to the United States in 1989 met only half the demand for the product. That allotment sold out in a matter of weeks and its black and white (except for Konami/Factor 5 games and SeaQuest DSV,, was shown in color like the Game Gear version."
  11. ↑ Owner's Manual, p. 5. "(12) Operation buttons — The controls for playing games. (See game manuals for button functions.)"
  12. ↑ Owner's Manual, pp. 4–5. "(5) Volume dial (VOL) — Adjusts the sound volume…(7)Contrast adjustment (CONTRAST) — Adjusts the contrast of the display."
  13. ↑ Owner's Manual, pp. 3–4. "(3) Game Pak slot — Insert the Nintendo GAME BOY Game Pak here. (See page 7 for instructions on inserting Game Pak)"
  14. ↑ Owner's Manual, p. 10. "To avoid dust and dirt getting in the Game Boy unit, always leave a Game Pak inserted when not in use."
  15. ↑ Owner's Manual, p. 4. "(2) External power supply jack — You can connect a Rechargeable Battery Pack (sold separately) for longer play."
  16. ↑ "Nintendo Game Boy (DMG-001)". Vidgame.net. 2006. Archived from the original on February 11, 2008. Retrieved August 22, 2006.
  17. ↑ Owner's Manual, p. 5. "(10) Headphone jack (PHONES) — Connect the stereo headphones that come with the GAME BOY to enjoy the impressive sounds of games without disturbing others around you...."
  18. ↑ Owner's Manual, pp. 4, 8. "(4) Extension connector (EXT CONNECTOR) — Connects to other GAME BOY…Do not insert different games in the interconnected Game Boys."
  19. ↑ Masuyama, Meguro (2002). "Pokémon as Japanese Culture?". In Lucien King. Game On. New York, NY: Universe Publishing. p. 39. ISBN 0-7893-0778-2. Pokémon allowed more than metaphorical communication; it made use of a system that created actual communication — a network game.
  20. ↑ GameBoy Development Wiki (November 12, 2009). "Gameboy Bootstrap ROM". Retrieved October 24, 2010.
  21. ↑ "Game Boy - 8bc Chiptune Wiki". November 5, 2008. Archived from the original on February 21, 2008. Retrieved March 26, 2009.
  22. 1 2 3 Amos, Evan (1989). "GameBoy : User Manual, Page 12". Nintendo of America. Retrieved February 12, 2011.
  23. 1 2 Fruttenboel Gameboy Section (August 22, 2009). "GameBoy : Using the GameBoy skeleton for serious business (Interrupt Descriptions)". Retrieved March 25, 2010.
  24. 1 2 Yakuman at MobyGames
  25. ↑ "Color it loud with hot new Game Boys; Game Boy reflects players own style with five exciting new colors". Retrieved November 3, 2009.
  26. ↑ "The Incredible Shrinking Game Boy Pocket". Electronic Gaming Monthly (Ziff Davis) (84): 16. July 1996.
  27. ↑ "Nintendo Japan Game Boy Light official homepage". Retrieved November 3, 2009.
  28. ↑ Fahs, Travis. "IGN Presents the History of Game Boy". IGN. IGN Entertainment, Inc. p. 2. Retrieved October 2, 2013.
  29. ↑ "A Brief History of Game Console Warfare: Game Boy". BusinessWeek. McGraw-Hill. Retrieved July 30, 2008. Game Boy and Game Boy Color's combined lifetime sales reached 118.7 million worldwide, according to Nintendo's latest annual report.
  30. ↑ "Cart Queries". GamePro (61) (IDG). August 1994. p. 14.
  31. ↑ "Makers Of Games Focus On Girls". The Gainesville Sun. Jan 15, 1995. p. 15. Retrieved March 18, 2012.
  32. ↑ "''Ball, Game Boy, Big Wheel enter toy hall of fame'', retrieved 5 Nov 2009". Rbj.net. Retrieved August 3, 2010.
  33. ↑ Reilly, Jim. "GDC: TurboGrafx 16, Game Gear Hit 3DS". IGN/com. Retrieved July 18, 2011.

External links

Media related to Game Boy at Wikimedia Commons

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