Karkin language

Karkin
Native to United States (California)
Ethnicity Karkin people
Extinct 19th century
Language codes
ISO 639-3 krb
Glottolog kark1259[1]

The Karkin language (also called Los Carquines in Spanish) is one of eight Ohlone languages. It was extinct by the 1950s and was formerly spoken in north central California.[2]

Karkin is an Ohlone/Costanoan language, in the Utian language family,[3][4] which is a Yok-Utian language, in the Penutian language family.[2]

It was historically spoken by the Karkin people, who lived in the Carquinez Strait region in the northeast portion of the San Francisco Bay estuary.[5] Its only documentation is a single vocabulary obtained by linguist-missionary Felipe Arroyo de la Cuesta at Mission Dolores in 1821.[6] Although meager, the records of Karkin show that it constituted a distinct branch of Costanoan, strikingly different from the neighboring Chochenyo Ohlone language and other Ohlone languages spoken farther south.[7] Karkin has probably not been spoken since the 19th century.

All Costanoan languages became extinct, but some are being studied and revived.[8]

Notes

  1. Nordhoff, Sebastian; Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2013). "Karkin". Glottolog. Leipzig: Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology.
  2. 1 2 "Karkin." Ethnologue. Retrieved 22 July 2012.
  3. Callaghan 1997
  4. Golla 2007:73
  5. Milliken 1995:238
  6. Milliken 2008:6
  7. Beeler 1961
  8. Hinton, Leanne. 2001. The Ohlone Languages, in The Green Book of Language Revitalization in Practice, pp. 425–432. Emerald Group Publishing ISBN 0-12-349354-4.

References

Further reading

  • Callaghan, C.A. 1988. "Karkin Revisited." International Journal of American Linguistics 54: 436–452.

External links

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