Mutsun language

Mutsun
San Juan Bautista
Native to	United States
Region	California
Ethnicity	Ohlone
Extinct	1930, with the death of Ascencion Solórzano de Cervantes^[1]
Language family	Yok-Utian Utian Costanoan Southern Mutsun
Writing system	Latin
Language codes
ISO 639-3	(included in css)
Glottolog	`muts1243`^[2]

Area where the Utian languages were spoken

Mutsun (also known as San Juan Bautista Costanoan) is an Utian language that was spoken in Northern California. It was the primary language of a division of the Ohlone people living in the Mission San Juan Bautista area.

Data

Ascencion Solorsano amassed large amounts of language and cultural data specific to the Mutsun. The Spaniard Father Felipe Arroyo de la Cuesta wrote extensively about the language's grammar, and linguist John Peabody Harrington made very extensive notes on the language from Solorsano. Harrington's field notes formed the basis of the grammar of Mutsun written by Marc Okrand as a University of California dissertation in 1977,^[1] which to this day remains the only grammar ever written of any Costanoan language.

Phonology

Consonant phonemes^[3]
	Labial	Dental/ alveolar		Retroflex	Palatal	Velar	Glottal
	Labial	hard	soft	Retroflex	Palatal	Velar	Glottal
Nasal	m m	n n	nʲ nY
Plosive	p p	t t	tʲ tY	ʈ ṭ		k k	ʔ
Affricate		ts c		ts̠ č
Fricative		s s			ʃ š		h h
Approximant	w w	l l	lʲ lY		j y
Flap		ɾ r

Vowel phonemes^[3]
	Front	Back
Close	i i	u u
Mid	ɛ e	o o
Open		ɑ a

/ɛ/ is open-mid, whereas /o/ is close-mid.^[3]
Vowels and consonants are doubled to indicate longer pronunciation (ex: IPA for toolos 'knee' is [toːlos])

Vocabulary

English	Mutsun
one	hemečʔa
two	uṭhin
three	kaphan
four	uuṭit
five	parwes
six	nakči
seven	ṭakči
eight	tayitmin
nine	pakki
ten	tansahte

English	Mutsun	English	Mutsun
man	ṭaares	woman	mukurma
child	sinni	dog	hučekniš
cat	penYek	fish	huuyi
coyote	wakšiš	wolf	ummuh
hummingbird	humuunya	California jay	ašit
blackbird	kulyan	raven	kaakari
roadrunner	uttYuy	great horned owl	huumis
goose	laalak	eagle	sirih
bear	ores	mountain lion	tammala
rabbit	weeren	jackrabbit	čeeyes
lamprey, eel	huusu	salmon	huuraka
fly insect	muumuri	tarantula	kutYeelu
grasshopper	polookič	worm	kareš
tree, wood	tappur	flower	tiiwis
sun	hismen	sky	ṭarah
water	sii	heat	ṭaala
sea	kalle	earth, ground	pire
head	moohel	brain	lom
foot	koro	leg	kaatYul
hand	issu	shoulderblade	pakka
nose	huus	face, eyes	hiin
ear	oočo	mouth	haay
stomach	huttu	throat	horkos
body hair	ṭap	breath	nossow
vulva	pattas	penis	čalamsa
mother	aanan	father	appa
husband	makkuh	wife	hawna
person, body	ama	life	nossow
sadness	šoole	hunger	suune
no	ekwe	yes	heʔe
inside	rammay	outside	kariy
road, door	innu	house	rukka
to cut	wara	to give	hara
to cry	warka	to hit	notto

References

1 2 Okrand, Marc. 1977. "Mutsun Grammar". Ph.D. dissertation, University of California, Berkeley.
↑ Nordhoff, Sebastian; Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2013). "Mutsun". Glottolog. Leipzig: Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology.
1 2 3 Okrand, (page 21)

Arroyo de la Cuesta, Felipe (1862). A vocabulary or phrase book of the Mutsun language of Alta California. Cramoisy Press. Retrieved 25 August 2012.
Arroyo de la Cuesta, Felipe (1861). Extracto de la gramática Mutsun, ó de la lengua de los naturales de la mision de San Juan Bautista. Trübner. Retrieved 25 August 2012.
Okrand, Marc. 1977. "Mutsun Grammar". Ph.D. dissertation, University of California, Berkeley.
Ortiz, Beverly R. 1994. Chocheño and Rumsen Narratives: A Comparison. In The Ohlone: Past and Present, pp. 99–164. ISBN 9780879191290
Sitjar, Bonaventura (1861). Vocabulary of the language of San Antonio mission, California. Trübner. Retrieved 25 August 2012.
Teixeira, Lauren S. 1997. The Costanoan/Ohlone Indians of the San Francisco and Monterey Bay Area—A Research Guide. Menlo Park, CA: Ballena Press. ISBN 9780879191405

External links

Ohlone (Costanoan) indigenous people of California

Groups	Awaswas Rumsen Chalon Chochenyo Karkin Mutsun Ramaytush Tamyen Verona Band of Alameda County Yelamu List of tribes and villages

Culture	Religion Traditional narratives Hunting and gathering Native American

Languages	Ohlone languages: Karkin Awaswas Chalon Chochenyo Mutsun Ramaytush Rumsen Tamyen

Languages of California

Indigenous

Algic	Wiyot Yurok

Athabascan	Tolowa Hupa Mattole Kato Wailaki

Chumashan	Obispeño Island Chumash Purisimeño Ineseño Barbareño Ventureño

Ohlone	Karkin Chochenyo Ramaytush Tamyen Awaswas Mutsun Rumsen Chalon

Hokan	Chimariko Karuk Achomawi Atsugewi Northeastern Pomo Eastern Pomo Southeastern Pomo Northern Pomo Central Pomo Southern Pomo Kashaya Washo Mojave Kumeyaay Yana Yahi

Penutian	Klamath-Mudoc Yokuts Wintu Bay Miwok Coast Miwok Lake Miwok Plains Miwok Central Sierra Miwok Northern Sierra Miwok Southern Sierra Miwok Valley Maidu Northeast Maidu Northwest Maidu Nisenan

Shastan	Konomihu New River Shasta Okwanuchu Shasta

Uto Aztecan	Cahuilla Cupeño Kawaiisu Kitanemuk Luiseño-Juaneño Mono Northern Paiute Panamint Serrano Tataviam Tongva Ute

Wintuan	Nomlaki Patwin Southern Patwin Wintu

Yokutsan	Buena Vista Yokuts, Chukchansi, Gashowu Yokuts, Kings River Yokuts, Palewyami, Tule-Kaweah Yokuts, Valley Yokuts

Yukian	Yuki, Wappo

Language isolates	Esselen, Chimariko, Karuk, Salinan, Takelma

Non-Indigenous

Indo-European	American English California English Chicano English Spanish Armenian Punjabi Russian

Asian	Chinese Korean Tagalog Vietnamese

Italics indicate extinct languages

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