Laminin, gamma 2

Laminin, gamma 2
Identifiers
Symbols LAMC2 ; B2T; BM600; CSF; EBR2; EBR2A; LAMB2T; LAMNB2
External IDs OMIM: 150292 MGI: 99913 HomoloGene: 4062 GeneCards: LAMC2 Gene
RNA expression pattern
More reference expression data
Orthologs
Species Human Mouse
Entrez 3918 16782
Ensembl ENSG00000058085 ENSMUSG00000026479
UniProt Q13753 E9Q7G3
RefSeq (mRNA) NM_005562 NM_008485
RefSeq (protein) NP_005553 NP_032511
Location (UCSC) Chr 1:
183.19 – 183.24 Mb
Chr 1:
153.12 – 153.19 Mb
PubMed search

Laminin subunit gamma-2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the LAMC2 gene.[1][2]

Laminins, a family of extracellular matrix glycoproteins, are the major noncollagenous constituent of basement membranes. They have been implicated in a wide variety of biological processes including cell adhesion, differentiation, migration, signaling, neurite outgrowth and metastasis. Laminins are composed of 3 non identical chains: laminin alpha, beta and gamma (formerly A, B1, and B2, respectively) and they form a cruciform structure consisting of 3 short arms, each formed by a different chain, and a long arm composed of all 3 chains. Each laminin chain is a multidomain protein encoded by a distinct gene.

Several isoforms of each chain have been described. Different alpha, beta and gamma chain isomers combine to give rise to different heterotrimeric laminin isoforms which are designated by Arabic numerals in the order of their discovery, i.e. alpha1beta1gamma1 heterotrimer is laminin 1. The biological functions of the different chains and trimer molecules are largely unknown, but some of the chains have been shown to differ with respect to their tissue distribution, presumably reflecting diverse functions in vivo. This gene encodes the gamma chain isoform laminin, gamma 2. The gamma 2 chain, formerly thought to be a truncated version of beta chain (B2t), is highly homologous to the gamma 1 chain; however, it lacks domain VI, and domains V, IV and III are shorter. It is expressed in several fetal tissues but differently from gamma 1, and is specifically localized to epithelial cells in skin, lung and kidney. The gamma 2 chain together with alpha 3 and beta 3 chains constitute laminin 5 (earlier known as kalinin), which is an integral part of the anchoring filaments that connect epithelial cells to the underlying basement membrane. The epithelium-specific expression of the gamma 2 chain implied its role as an epithelium attachment molecule, and mutations in this gene have been associated with junctional epidermolysis bullosa, a skin disease characterized[2]

References

  1. Kallunki P, Sainio K, Eddy R, Byers M, Kallunki T, Sariola H, Beck K, Hirvonen H, Shows TB, Tryggvason K (Nov 1992). "A truncated laminin chain homologous to the B2 chain: structure, spatial expression, and chromosomal assignment". J Cell Biol 119 (3): 679–93. doi:10.1083/jcb.119.3.679. PMC 2289671. PMID 1383240.
  2. 1 2 "Entrez Gene: LAMC2 laminin, gamma 2".

Further reading

This article is issued from Wikipedia - version of the Tuesday, September 01, 2015. The text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share Alike but additional terms may apply for the media files.