List of sovereign states in the 6th century BC

The development of states—large-scale, populous, politically centralized, and socially stratified polities/societies governed by powerful rulers—marks one of the major milestones in the evolution of human societies. Archaeologists often distinguish between primary (or pristine) states and secondary states. Primary states evolved independently through largely internal developmental processes rather than through the influence of any other pre-existing state. The earliest known primary states appeared in Mesopatamia ca. 3700 B.C., in Egypt ca. 3300 B.C., in the Indus Valley ca. 2500 B.C., India ca 1700 B. C.,and in China ca. 1600 B.C. As they interacted with their less developed neighbors through trade, warfare, migration, and more generalized ideological influences, the primary states directly or indirectly fostered the emergence of secondary states in surrounding areas, for example, the Hittites in Anatolia, the Minoan and Mycenaean states of the Aegean, or the Nubian kingdoms in the Sudan. According to Professor Gil Stein of the University of Chicago Oriental Institute, "The excavations and archaeological surveys of the last few decades have vastly increased both the quantity and quality of what we know about ancient states and urbanism. Archaeologists have broadened the scope of their research beyond the traditional focus on rulers and urban elites. Current research now aims at understanding the role of urban commoners, craft specialists, and village-based farmers in the overall organization of ancient states and societies. Given the immense geographical scope encompassed by the term 'the Ancient World'".^[1] The notion of a sovereign state arises in the 16th century with the development of modern diplomacy.For earlier times, the term "sovereign state" is an anachronism. What corresponded to sovereign states in the medieval and ancient period were monarchs ruling By the Grace of God, de facto feudal or imperial autocrats, or de facto independent nations or tribal confederations. This is a list of sovereign states that existed between 600 BC and 501 BC.

Africa

Map of the world in 600 BC

State	Existed
Aethiopia	c. 13th - 5th centuries BC
Blemmyes	600 BC - 8th century AD
Carthaganian Empire	650-146 BC
Kingdom of D'mt	980 - 400 BC
Kingdom of Cyrene	631-525 BC
Kingdom of Egypt	1069-525 BC
Garamantian Empire	1000 BC - 700 AD
Kingdom of Kush	1070 BC - 350 AD
Libu	1550-146BC
Macrobia	c. 8th - 4th centuries BC
Mauri	580- 285 BC
Nok	1000 BC - 300AD
Persian Empire	525- 330 BC
Sao	6th century BC - 6th century AD

Americas

name	existed
Maya	2000 BC - 900 AD
Olmec	1400-400 BC
Paracas	800 - 100 BC
Pueblo	12th century BC - 14th century AD
Zapotec	700 BC - 1521 AD

Europe

North and West

name	existed
Belgae	600 BC -
Brigantia	700 BC - 76 AD
Caledonia	650 BC - 1st century AD
Catuvellauni	550 BC - 51 AD
Connacht	c. 10th century BC - 1474 AD
Deceangli	500 BC - 76 AD
Helvetii	650 BC - 68 AD
Iceni	500 BC - 64 AD
Iverni	500 BC - 400 AD
Ordovice	500 BC -
Silure	650 BC -

South and East

State	Existed
Aquitani	550-27 BC
Kingdom of Arcadia	980-743 BC
Kingdom of Acarnania	7th - 1st century BC
Kingdom of Argolis	1200-226 BC
Astures	550 BC - 68 AD
Republic of Athens	1068-146 BC
Cantabri	650 BC - 1st century AD
Carthaganian Empire	650-146 BC
Celtici	600 - 19 BC
Celtiberia	650-19 BC
Corinthia	700-338 BC
Dacia	700 BC - 106 AD
Kingdom of Etruria	768 - 264 BC
Getae	7th century BC -4th century AD
Iapydes	9th century - 34 BC
Illyria	2000-168 BC
Liburnia	11th century - 34 BC
Kingdom of Locria	1250-386 BC
Lucania	1000-356 BC^[2]
Magna Graecia	740 - 89 BC
Oenotria	1000-325 BC
Paeonia (kingdom)	535 BC - 681 AD
Padanian Etruria	9th century - 5th century BC
Persian Empire	549 - 330 BC
Phocis	690 - 222 BC
Roman Republic	509-29 BC
Kingdom of Sabinum	c. 760 - 494 BC
Samnium	c. 600 - 82 BC
Sicels	c. 11th century - 425 BC
Kingdom of Sparta	950-146 BC
Kingdom of Thessaly	950 - 344 BC
Tartessos	1000-450 BC ^[3]
Thrace	1500-450 BC
Umbria	9th century - 3rd century BC
Veneti	6th century - 218 BC

Eurasian Steppe and Central Asia

name	existed
Aria	700 BC - 300 BC
Caspiane	650 BC - 387 AD
Bactria	1200 - 550 BC
Kingdom of Balhara	12th - 7th centuries BC
Bulgar	7th century BC - 7th century AD
Chorasmia	1290-180 BC
Kingdom of Colchis	1300 BC - 2nd century AD
Dahae	700 - 530 BC
Huns	600 BC - 370 AD
Issedon	650-58 BC
Magyar	1100 BC - 895 AD
Massagatae	600 - 46 BC
Persian Empire	549 - 330 BC
Qiang	2000 BC - 150 BC
Scythia	690BC-250 BC
Sogdiana	750 - 550 BC
Thyssagetae	650 BC - 110 AD
Xianyun	824-209 BC

East Asia

Name	Existed
Ba (state)	13th century - 311 BC
Cai (state)	980-447 BC
Cao (state)	1053-487 BC
Chen (state)	1046 - 479 BC
Chu (state)	1030 - 223 BC
Donghu	1400 - 150 BC
Kingdom of Gojoseon	2333 - 108 BC
Japan	660 BC - present
Jin (Korean state)	550-108 BC
Jin state	1042-376 BC
Pi (state)	1046-418 BC
Qiang	2000 BC - 150 BC
Qi (Henan)	1600-445 BC
Qi (state)	1046-221 BC
Qin (state)	858-221 BC
Quanrong	954-301 BC
Sui (state)	771-221 BC
Sumpa	1600 BC - 7th century AD
Shu (state)	1046-316 BC
Teng (state)	1046-414 BC
Kingdom of Van Lang	2879-258 BC
Xu (state)	2000-512 BC
Yan (state)	1046-222 BC
Zhongshan (state)	580-296 BC
Zhou Kingdom	1046-256 BC
Zou (state)	1012-350 BC

South Asia

Map of the world in 500 BC

Name	Existed
Anarta Kingdom	1100-550 BC
Anga Kingdom	1380-550 BC
Avanti Kingdom	900-322 BC
Danda Kingdom	1100 - 450 BC
Haryanka Kingdom	684 - 413 BC
Kalinga Kingdom	1376-285 BC
Kamboja Kingdom	1450 - 195 BC
Kasmira Kingdom	1250 - 322 BC
Kimpurusha Kingdom	1000 - 325 BC
Kirata Kingdom	1350 - c. 300 BC
Kosala Kingdom	1000 - 266 BC
Magadha Kingdom	1000 - 323 BC
Malla Republic	780 - 323 BC
Matsya Kingdom	1180 - 318 BC
Panchala	700 - 323 BC
Pandya Kingdom	1350 - 460 BC
Parvata Kingdom	c. 9th century - 325 BC
Persian Empire	549 - 330 BC
Pundra Kingdom	1300 BC - 550 AD
Shakya Republic	800 - 320 BC
Sindhu Kingdom	800 - 320 BC
Sinhala Kingdom	700 - 543 BC
Surasena	1000 - 323 BC
Tambapanni	543-505 BC
Trigarta Kingdom	1150-322 BC
Kingdom of Upatissa Nuwara	505-377 BC
Vanga Kingdom	1300 BC - 580 AD
Vatsa	1100-323 BC
Vriji	1250 - 322 BC
Yaksha Kingdom	1200 - 350 BC

West Asia

state type	existed
Kingdom of Armenia	553 BC - 428AD
Kingdom of Awsan	7th century BC - 100 AD
Kingdom of Caria	11th-6th century BC
Carmania	c. 7th century-550 BC
Kingdom of Chaldea	1100 - 539 BC
Kingdom of Cilicia	795 - 546 BC
Principality of Corduene	800 BC - 653 AD
Kingdom of Doris	1200-580 BC
Kingdom of Edom	1200 - 125 BC
Elamite Empire	1210-535 BC
Gedrosia	600 BC -
Kingdom of Hadhramaut	700 BC - 320 AD
Kingdom of Haram	600 - 175 BC
Kingdom of Lycia	1183-546 BC
Kingdom of Magan	2200-550 BC
Kingdom of Ma'in	580-85 BC
Median Empire	678-549 BC
Mysia	1320 - 301 BC ^[4]
Neo-Babylonian Empire	626 - 539 BC
Kingdom of Paphlagonia	1480 - 546 BC^[5]
Parsua	860-600 BC
Persian Empire	549 - 330 BC
Kingdom of Qataban	6th century BC - 2nd century AD
Principality of Zabdicene	780 BC - 5th century AD

List of sovereign states in the 6th century BC
Preceded by 7th century BC	Sovereign states of the 6th century BC	Succeeded by 5th century BC

References

↑ Stein, Gil J (2001). Understanding Ancient State Societies in the Old World. New York: Kluwer Academic/Plenum Press. pp. 353–379.
↑ Pritchard, James Cowles. "Kingdoms of Italy: Research into the Physical History of Mankind". 1999-2014. The History Files. Retrieved 18 March 2014. horizontal tab character in |title= at position 21 (help)
↑ "Ancient Kingdoms of Iberia, Spain & Portugal". 2014. Regnal Chronologies. Retrieved 21 April 2014.
↑ "Kingdoms of Anatolia". 2014. The History Files. Retrieved 31 May 2014.
↑ "Middle East Kingdoms Ancient Anatolia". 2014. The History Files. Retrieved 20 April 2014.

Lists of sovereign states by year

AD (CE)

Current list of sovereign states

Centuries: 1st; 2nd; 3rd; 4th; 5th; 6th; 7th; 8th; 9th; 10th; 11th; 19th

Years
12th–18th century: 1143; 1400; 1494; 1496; 1500; 1528; 1648; 1660; 1661; 1768; 1769; 1776

19th century: 1820; 1821; 1822; 1823; 1824; 1825; 1826; 1827; 1828; 1829; 1830; 1831; 1832; 1833; 1834; 1835; 1836; 1837; 1838; 1839; 1840; 1841; 1842; 1843; 1844; 1845; 1846; 1847; 1848; 1849; 1850; 1851; 1852; 1853; 1854; 1855; 1856; 1857; 1858; 1859; 1860; 1861; 1862; 1863; 1864; 1865; 1866; 1867; 1868; 1869; 1870; 1871; 1872; 1873; 1874; 1875; 1876; 1877; 1878; 1879; 1880; 1881; 1882; 1883; 1884; 1885; 1886; 1887; 1888; 1889; 1890; 1891; 1892; 1893; 1894; 1895; 1896; 1897; 1898; 1899

20th century: 1901; 1902; 1903; 1904; 1905; 1906; 1907; 1908; 1909; 1910; 1911; 1912; 1913; 1914; 1915; 1916; 1917; 1918; 1919; 1920; 1921; 1922; 1923; 1924; 1925; 1926; 1927; 1928; 1929; 1930; 1931; 1932; 1933; 1934; 1935; 1936; 1937; 1938; 1939; 1940; 1941; 1942; 1943; 1944; 1945; 1946; 1947; 1948; 1949; 1970; 1971; 1980; 1981; 1989; 1990; 1991; 1992; 1993; 1994; 1995; 1996; 1997; 1998; 1999; 2000

21st century: 2001; 2002; 2003; 2004; 2005; 2006; 2007; 2008; 2009; 2010; 2011; 2012; 2013; 2014; 2015; 2016

Decades: 1950s; 1960s; 1970s; 1980s; 1990s; 2000s; 2010s

Ages: Classical; Late Antiquity; Middle

BC (BCE)

100 BC Centuries 35th BC 21st BC 20th BC 19th BC 18th BC 17th BC 16th BC 15th BC 14th BC 13th BC 12th BC 11th BC 10th BC 9th BC 8th BC 7th BC 6th BC 5th BC 4th BC 3rd BC 2nd BC 1st BC Ages Copper Bronze Iron Classical

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