List of sovereign states in the 14th century BC

The development of states—large-scale, populous, politically centralized, and socially stratified polities/societies governed by powerful rulers—marks one of the major milestones in the evolution of human societies. Archaeologists often distinguish between primary (or pristine) states and secondary states. Primary states evolved independently through largely internal developmental processes rather than through the influence of any other pre-existing state. The earliest known primary states appeared in Mesopatamia ca. 3700 B.C., in Egypt ca. 3300 B.C., in the Indus Valley ca. 2500 B.C., India ca 1700 B. C.,and in China ca. 1600 B.C. As they interacted with their less developed neighbors through trade, warfare, migration, and more generalized ideological influences, the primary states directly or indirectly fostered the emergence of secondary states in surrounding areas, for example, the Hittites in Anatolia, the Minoan and Mycenaean states of the Aegean, or the Nubian kingdoms in the Sudan. Professor Gil Stein at the University of Chicago Oriental Institute states The excavations and archaeological surveys of the last few decades have vastly increased both the quantity and quality of what we know about ancient states and urbanism. Archaeologists have broadened the scope of their research beyond the traditional focus on rulers and urban elites. Current research now aims at understanding the role of urban commoners, craft specialists, and village-based farmers in the overall organization of ancient states and societies. Given the immense geographical scope encompassed by the term “the Ancient World,[1]

. This is a list of cultures, civilizations and sovereign states that existed between 1400 BC to 1301 BC.

Sovereign states

Sovereign state Years
Akkadian Empire 2334 - 2193 BC
Amorite 2000 – 1595 BC
Anga 1380-550 BC
Armi 2290 - 40 BC
Aramea 2300 – 700 BC
Arzawa 2300 - 1200 BC
Assyria – 2025 - 911 BC
Alashiya 1450 - 1050 BC
Athens 1556-355 BC
Babylonia 1894 - 732 BC
Bashan 1330 - 928 BC
Byblos 1800 - 970 BC
Chorrera 1800 - 300 BC
Colchis 1300 BC - 2nd century AD
Crestonia 14th century BC - 431 BC
Dardania 1527 - 1183 BC
Dilmun 2600-675 BC
Donghu 1400-150 BC
Ebla 3500 - 1600 BC
Egypt 3050 - 1550, 1077 - 322 BC
Egyptian Empire 1550 - 1077 BC
Elam 2800 - 550 BC
Eshnuna 2000 - 8th century BC
Gandhara 1450-510 BC
Gojoseon 2333 - 108 BC
Gutium 2108 - 2089 BC
Hatti 2700 - 1900 BC
Hitti 1900 - 1600 BC
Hittite Empire 1600 - 1178 BC
Hyksos 1800 - 1178 BC
Kassite Empire 1531 - 1135 BC
Illyria 2000-168 BC
Indus 3100 - 1300 BC
Kalinga 1376 - 285 BC
Kamboja 1450 - 195 BC
Kaskia 1430 - 1200 BC
Kekeya 1250 - c. 4th century BC
Kirata 1350 - c. 300 BC
Kizzuwatna 1600 - 1220 BC
Kuru 1376 - 285 BC
Kussara 1900 - 1650 BC
Libu 1550 - 630 BC[2]
Lukka 2000 - 1183 BC
Lullubi 2400-650 BC
Luvia 2300 - 1400 BC
Madra 1350 - 350 BC
Magan 2200-550 BC
Mari 2900 - 1759 BC
Messenia 1300-724 BC
Minoa 2700 - 1420 BC
Mittani 1690 - 1300 BC
Mycenaea 1600 - 1100 BC
Mygdonia 16th century BC - 6th century BC
Mysia 1320 - 301 BC
Namar 2350-750 BC
Olmec 1400 - 400 BC
Pandya 1350 - 460 BC
Paphlagonia 1480 - 183 BC[3]
Pelasgia 3000 - 1183 BC
Phrygia (Balkan's) 1450 - 1200 BC
Purushanda 2000 - 1650 BC
Punt 2400 - 1069 BC
Qi 1600 - 445 BC
Qiang 2000 BC- 150 BC
Sea Peoples c. 2000 - 1175 BC
Shang 1600 - 1046 BC
Sumeria 2900 - 1674 BC
Sumpa 1600 BC - 7th century AD
Thrace 1500 - 450 BC
Tyre 1500 - 990 BC
Ugarit 2500 - 1090 BC
Upper Mesopotamia 1809 - 1776 BC
Văn Lang 2879 - 258 BC
Xu 2000-512 BC

See also

References

  1. ↑ Stein, Gil J (2001). Understanding Ancient State Societies in the Old World. New York: Kluwer Academic/Plenum Press. pp. 353–379.
  2. ↑ Taylor, Francis. "Kingdoms of North Africa: Encyclopaedia of African History: Volume 1 A-G". 1999-2014. The History Files. Retrieved 18 March 2014.
  3. ↑ "Middle East Kingdoms Ancient Anatolia". 2014. The History Files. Retrieved 20 April 2014.
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