List of therapsids

This list of therapsids is an attempt to create a comprehensive listing of all genera that have ever been included in the Therapsida excluding mammals and purely vernacular terms. The list includes all commonly accepted genera, but also genera that are now considered invalid, doubtful (nomina dubia), or were not formally published (nomina nuda), as well as junior synonyms of more established names, and genera that are no longer considered therapsids.

The list currently contains 510 generic names.

Naming conventions and terminology

Naming conventions and terminology follow the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature. Technical terms used include:

• Junior synonym: A name which describes the same taxon as a previously published name. If two or more genera are formally designated and the type specimens are later assigned to the same genus, the first to be published (in chronological order) is the senior synonym, and all other instances are junior synonyms. Senior synonyms are generally used, except by special decision of the ICZN, but junior synonyms cannot be used again, even if deprecated. Junior synonymy is often subjective, unless the genera described were both based on the same type specimen.
• Nomen nudum (Latin for "naked name"): A name that has appeared in print but has not yet been formally published by the standards of the ICZN. Nomina nuda (the plural form) are invalid, and are therefore not italicized as a proper generic name would be. If the name is later formally published, that name is no longer a nomen nudum and will be italicized on this list. Often, the formally published name will differ from any nomina nuda that describe the same specimen.
• Nomen oblitum (Latin for "forgotten name"): A name that has not been used in the scientific community for more than fifty years after its original proposal.
• Preoccupied name: A name that is formally published, but which has already been used for another taxon. This second use is invalid (as are all subsequent uses) and the name must be replaced. As preoccupied names are not valid generic names, they will also go unitalicized on this list.
• Nomen dubium (Latin for "dubious name"): A name describing a fossil with no unique diagnostic features. As this can be an extremely subjective and controversial designation, this term is not used on this list.

The list

Genus Authors Year Status Age Location Notes Admetophoneus Efremov 1954 Valid. Upper Permian[1] Russia[1] Aelurognathus Haughton 1924 Valid. Aelurosauroides Broom 1940 Syn. N/A N/A Synonym of Aelurosaurus[2] Aelurosauropsis Broom 1940 Syn. N/A N/A Synonym of Aelurosaurus[2] Aelurosaurus Owen 1881 Valid. Agnosaurus Boonstra 1952 Syn. N/A N/A Synonym of Moschops[2] Akidnognathus Haughton 1918 Valid. Alopecodon Broom 1908 Valid. Middle Permian[3] South Africa[3] Alopecognathus Broom 1915 Valid. Alopecopsis Broom 1920 Syn. N/A N/A Synonym of Theriognathus[4] Alopecorhinus Broom 1912 Valid. Aloposauroides Brink Kitching 1953 Syn. N/A N/A Synonym of Aloposaurus[2] Aloposaurus Broom 1910 Valid. Andescynodon Bonaparte 1969 Valid. Aneugomphius Broom Robinson 1949 Syn. N/A N/A Synonym of Theriognathus[4] Angonisaurus Cox 1983 Valid.? Middle Triassic[5] Tanzania[5] May be synonym of Shansiodon[5] Annatherapsidus Kuhn 1961 Valid. Upper Permian[6] Russia[6] Anningia Broom 1927 Nomen vanum Permian[7] South Africa[7] Declared to be a nomen vanum after a restudy of the type specimen.[7] Anomocephalus Modesto Rubidge Welman 1999 Valid. Upper Permian[8] South Africa[8] Anomodon Keyser 1975 Valid. Anoplosuchus Tchudinov 1968 Valid. Upper Permian[6] Russia[6] Antecosuchus Tatarinov 1973 Valid. Middle Triassic[1] Russia[1] Anteosaurus Watson 1921 Valid. Upper Permian South Africa Archaeosuchus Broom 1905 Valid. Archaeosyodon Tchudinov 1960 Valid. Upper Permian[1] Russia[1] Arctognathoides Boonstra 1934 Valid. Arctognathus Broom 1911 Valid. Arctops Watson 1914 Valid. Arctosuchus Broom 1911 Valid. Arctotraversodon Sues Hopson Shubin 1992 Valid. Arnognathus Broom 1907 Valid. Aulacocephalodon Seeley 1898 Valid. N/A N/A Synonym of Aulacephalodon[2] Aulacephalodon Seeley 1898 Valid. Middle-Upper Permian[3] South Africa[3] Australosyodon Rubidge 1994 Valid. Middle-Upper Permian[9] South Africa[9] Avenantia Boonstra 1952 Valid. Barysoma Cox 1965 Valid. Bauria Broom 1909 Valid. Baurioides Broom 1925 Syn. N/A N/A Synonym of Bauria[2] Bayloria Oldon 1941 Syn. Lower Permian[10] United States of America[10] Immature specimen of the captorhinid reptile Captorhinus aguti[10] Beishanodon[11] Gao Fox Zhou Li 2010 Valid. Lower Triassic[11] China[11] Belesodon von Huene 1936 Syn. N/A N/A Different growth stage of the genus Chiniquodon[12] Biarmosaurus Tchudinov 1960 Syn. N/A N/A Synonym of Biarmosuchus[2] Biarmosuchoides Tverdokhlebova Ivakhnenko 1994 Valid. Upper Permian[13] Russia[13] Biarmosuchus Tchudinov 1960 Valid. Upper Permian[6] Russia[6] Bienotherium Young 1940 Valid. Lower Jurassic[5] China[5] Bienotheroides Young 1982 Valid. Middle-Late Jurassic[14] China and Mongolia[14] Biseridens Li Cheng 1997 Valid. Upper Permian[15] China[15] Bolotridon Coad 1977 Valid. Boreogomphodon Sues Olsen 1990 Valid. Late Triassic[16] United States of America[16] Brachyprosopus Olson 1937 Valid. Brachyuraniscus Broili Schroeder 1935 Valid. Middle Permian[17] South Africa[17] Brasilitherium Bonaparte Martinelli Schultz Rubert 2003 Valid. Late Triassic[18] Brazil[18] Brasilodon Bonaparte Martinelli Schultz Rupert 2003 Valid. Late Triassic[18] Brazil[18] Brithopus Kutorga 1838 Valid. Middle Permian[6] Russia[6] Broilius Toerien 1953 Valid. Broomicephalus Brink Kitching 1953 Valid. Broomisaurus Joleaud 1920 Valid. Broomosuchus Camp Taylor Welles 1942 Syn. N/A N/A Synonym of Anteosaurus[2] Bullacephalus Rubidge Kitching 2003 Valid. Burnetia Broom 1923 Valid. Upper Permian[19] South Africa[19] Calleonasus Kalandadze 1985 Valid. Middle Triassic[1] Russia[1] Cephalicustroidus Parrington 1974 Valid. Cerataelurus Broom 1931 Valid. Cerdodon Broom 1915 Valid. Cerdorhinus Broom 1936 Valid. Chalepotherium Simpson 1928 Syn. N/A N/A Synonym of Oligokyptus[2] Chaliminia Bonaparte 1980 Valid. Upper Triassic[12] Brazil[12] Chanaria Cox 1968 Valid. Charassognathus Botha Abdala Smith 2007 Valid. Charruodon Abdala Ribeiro 2000 Valid. Late Triassic[20] Brazil[20] Chelydontops Cluver 1975 Valid. Chiniquodon von Huene 1936 Valid. Middle-Upper Triassic[12] Argentina and Brazil[12] Chiwetasaurus Haughton 1926 Syn. N/A N/A Synonym of Gorgonops[2] Chthomaloporus Tchudinov 1964 Valid. Upper Permian[1] Russia[1] Chthonosaurus Vjuschkov 1955 Valid. Upper Permian[13] Russia[13] Cistecephaloides Cluver 1974 Valid. Cistecephalus Owen 1876 Valid. Middle-Upper Permian[3] South Africa, Zambia and India[3] Clelandina Broom 1948 Valid. Colobodectes Modesto Rubidge Visser Welman 2003 Valid. Compsodon van Hoepen 1934 Valid. Crapartinella Mendrez 1975 Valid. Cragievanus Brink 1965 Syn. N/A N/A Synonym of Diademodon[2] Criocephalosaurus Kammerer Sidor 2002 Valid. Middle Permian[3] Zimbabwe[3] Cristonasus Surkov 1999 Valid. Middle Triassic[21] Russia[21] Cromptodon Bonaparte 1972 Valid. Cryptocynodon Seeley 1895 Valid. Cteniosaurus Broom 1935 Valid. Cynochampsa Owen 1859 Syn. N/A N/A Synonym of Diademodon[2] Cynognathus Seeley 1895 Valid. Lower-Middle Triassic[22] South Africa and Argentina[22] Cyonosaurus Olsen 1937 Valid. Upper Permian[17] South Africa[17] Cynosaurus Schmidt 1927 Valid. Dadadon Flynn Parrish Rakotosamimanana Ranivoharimanana Wyss 2000 Valid. Middle-Late Triassic[23] Madagascar[23] Daptocephalus van Hoepen 1934 Valid Late Permian South Africa Daqingshanodon Zhu 1989 Syn. N/A N/A Synonym of Dicynodon[5] Deccanodon Nath Yadagiri 2007 Valid. Upper Triassic[24] India[24] Delphaciognathus Broom 1932 Valid. Delphinognathus Seeley 1892 Valid. Deuterosaurus Eichwald 1860 Valid. Upper Permian[1] Russia[1] Diademodon Seeley 1895 Valid. Lower-Middle Triassic[12] South Africa[12] Diaelurodon Broom 1911 Valid. Dianzhongia Cui 1981 Valid. Lower Jurassic[5] China[5] Dicynodon Owen 1845 Valid. Upper Permian[1] Gondwana and Lausaria[1] Dicynodontoides Broom 1940 Valid. Upper Permian[25] South Africa[25] Digalodon Broom Robinson 1948 Valid. Upper Permian[25] South Africa[25] Probably valid taxon; needs further investigation[25] Diictodon Broom 1913 Valid. Upper Permian[5] China[5] and South Africa[3] Dinanomodon Broom 1938 Valid Late Permian South Africa Dinodontosaurus Romer 1943 Valid. Middle Triassic[26] Brazil[26] Dinogorgon Broom 1936 Valid. Dinophoneus Broom 1923 Syn. N/A N/A Synonym of Jonkeria[2] Dinosaurus Fischer 1847 Valid. Dinosuchus Broom 1936 Syn. N/A N/A Synonym of Anteosaurus[2] Dixeya Haughton 1926 Syn. N/A N/A Synonym of Aelurognathus [2] Dolichuranus Keyser 1973 Valid.? Middle Triassic[5] Zambia[5] May be synonym of Shansiodon[5] Doliosauriscus Kuhn 1961 Valid. Upper Permian[1] Russia[1] Replacement name for Doliosaurus Orlov, 1958 Doliosaurus Orlov 1958 Preocc. N/A N/A Preoccupied by lizard Doliosaurus Girard, 1858 (Sauria: Iguania) Dongusaurus Vjuschkov 1964 Valid. Middle Triassic[1] Russia[1] Dragocephalus Brink Kitching 1953 Syn. N/A N/A Synonym of Clelandina[2] Driveria Olson 1962 Valid. Lower Permian[3] United States of America[3] Dvinia Amalitskii 1922 Valid. Upper Permian[1] Russia[1] Ecteninion Martinez May Forster 1996 Valid. Upper Triassic[12] Argentina[12] Edaxosaurus Kalandadze 1985 Valid. Middle Triassic[1] Russia[1] Elatosaurus Kalandadze 1985 Valid. Middle Triassic[1] Russia[1] Elephantosaurus Vjuschkov 1969 Valid. Middle Triassic[1] Russia[1] Elliotherium Sidor Hancox 2006 Valid. Upper Triassic[27] South Africa[27] Emydochampsa Broom 1912 Syn. N/A N/A Synonym of Endothiodon[28] Emydops Broom 1912 Valid. Middle Permian[3] South Africa and India[3] Emydopsoides van Hoepen 1934 Valid. Emydorhynchus Broom 1935 Valid. Emydorhinus Broom 1935 Valid. Emyduranus Broom 1921 Valid. Endogomphodon Broom 1932 Syn. N/A N/A Synonym of Endothiodon[28] Endothiodon Owen 1876 Valid. Upper Permian[28] South Africa, Tanzania,[28] Malawi and India[3] Eoarctops Haughton 1929 Valid. Eocyclops Broom 1913 Syn. N/A N/A Synonym of Rhachiocephalus[2] Eodicynodon Barry 1974 Valid. Middle-Upper Permian[29] South Africa[29] Eosimops Broom 1922 Valid. Eosyodon Olson 1962 Valid. Upper Permian[17] United States of America[17] Eotitanosuchus Tchudinov 1960 Valid. Upper Permian[1] Russia[1] Ericiolacerta Watson 1931 Valid. Early Triassic[30] South Africa[30] Eriphostoma Broom 1911 Valid. Esoterodon Seeley 1895 Syn. N/A N/A Synonym of Endothiodon[28] Estemmenosuchus Tchudinov 1960 Valid. Upper Permian[1] Russia[1] Euchambersia Broom 1931 Valid. Eumantellia Broom 1935 Valid. Eurosaurus Eichwald 1860 Valid. Eurychororhinus Broili Schroeder 1935 Valid. Exaeretodon Cabrera 1943 Valid. Upper Triassic[31] Brazil and Argentina[31] Galechirus Broom 1907 Valid. Upper Permian[8] South Africa[8] Galeops Broom 1912 Valid. Upper Permian[8] South Africa[8] Galepus Broom 1910 Valid. Upper Permian[8] South Africa[8] Galerhynchus Broom 1936 Syn. N/A N/A Synonym of Cerdorhinus[2] Galesaurus Owen 1859 Valid. Galesuchus Haughton 1915 Valid. Geikia Newton 1892 Valid. Glanosuchus Broom 1904 Valid. Middle Permian[3] South Africa[3] Glochinodontoides Haughton 1924 Valid. Gomphodontosuchus von Huene 1928 Valid. Middle Triassic[26] Brazil[26] Gomphognathus Seeley 1895 Syn. N/A N/A Synonym of Diademodon[2] Gorgodon Olson 1962 Valid. Lower Permian[3] United States of America[3] Gordonia Newton 1893 Valid. Gorgonocephalus author author 19xx Preocc. Preoccupied by echinoderm Gorgonocephalus Leach, 1815 Gorgonops Owen 1876 Valid. Middle Permian[3] South Africa[3] Habayia Godefroit 1999 Valid. Upper Triassic[32] Belgium[32] Haughtoniana Boonstra 1938 Valid. Hazhenia Sun Hou 1981 Valid. Lower Triassic[5] China[5] Herpetoskylax Sidor Rubidge 2006 Valid. Heuneus Toerien 1953 Valid. Hexacynodon Tatarinov 1976 Valid. Upper Permian[6] Russia[6] Hipposauroides Boonstra 1952 Valid. Hipposaurus Haughton 1929 Valid. Middle Permian[12] South Africa[12] Hofmeyria Broom 1935 Valid. Homodontosaurus Broom 1949 Valid. Hyenosaurus Broom 1935 Syn. N/A N/A Synonym of Theriognathus[4] Ianthodon Kissel Reisz 2004 Valid. Ictidognathus Broom 1911 Syn. N/A N/A Synonym of Ictidostoma[2] Ictidopsis Broom 1912 Syn. N/A N/A Synonym of Thrinaxodon[33] Ictidorhinus Broom 1913 Valid. Upper Permian[12] South Africa[12] Ictidostoma Broom 1931 Valid. Ictidosuchoides Broom 1931 Valid. Upper Permian - Lower Triassic[34] South Africa[34] Ictidosuchops Broom 1938 Valid. Ictidosuchus Broom 1910 Valid. Idelesaurus Kurkin 2006 Valid. Upper Permian[35] Russia[35] Inostrancevia Amalitskii 1922 Valid. Upper Permian[1] Russia[1] Irajatherium Martinelli Bonaparte Schultz Rubert 2005 Valid. Upper Triassic[26] Brazil[26] Ischignathus Bonaparte 1963 Syn. N/A N/A Junior synonym of Exaeretodon[36] Ischigualastia Cox 1962 Valid. Upper Triassic[12] Argentina[12] Ivantosaurus Tchudinov 1983 Valid. Upper Permian[1] Russia[1] Jachaleria Bonaparte 1971 Valid. Upper Triassic[26] Argentina and Brazil[26] Jimusaria Sun 1963 Syn. N/A N/A Synonym of Dicynodon[5] Jonkeria van Hoepen 1916 Valid. Kannemeyeria Seeley 1908 Valid. Lower Triassic[5] China, Namibia, South Africa, Tanzania, Zambia, Argentina[5] If Rechnisaurus and Uralokannemeyeria are considered synonyms, the range also include Russia and India Kawingasaurus Cox 1972 Valid. Middle Permian[3] Tanzania[3] Kayentatherium Kermack 1982 Valid. Lower Jurassic[12] United States of America[12] Keratocephalus von Huene 1931 Valid. Kingoria Cox 1959 Syn. N/A N/A Junior synonym of Dicynodontoides Broom, 1940[25] Kitchingia Broom George 1950 Syn. N/A N/A Synonym of Rhachiocephalus[2] Knoxosaurus Olson 1962 Valid. Lower Permian[3] United States of America[3] Kombusia Hotton 1974 Valid. Upper Permian - Lower Triassic[12] South Africa[12] Koupia Boonstra 1948 Valid. Kunminia Young 1947 Nomen dubium Lower Jurassic[5] China[5] Possible synonym of Morganucodon[5] Kunpania Sun 1973 Syn. N/A N/A Synonym of Dicynodon[5] Kwazulusaurus Maisch 2002 Valid. Upper Permian[34] South Africa[34] Lamiasaurus Watson 1914 Valid. Lanthanocephalus Modesto Rubidge Welman 2002 Preocc. N/A N/A Preoccupied by cnidarian Lanthanocephalus Williams & Starmer, 2000 Lanthanostegus Modesto Rubidge Welman 2003 Valid. Upper Permian[37] South Africa[37] Replacement name by Lanthanocephalus Modesto, Rubidge & Welman, 2002 Lemurosaurus Broom 1949 Valid. Upper Permian[38] South Africa[38] Leontocephalus Broom 1940 Valid. Leptotrachelus Watson 1921 Syn. N/A N/A Synonym of Gorgonops[2] Likhoelia Ginsburg 1961 Syn. N/A N/A Synonym of Tritylodon[2] Limnostygis Carroll 1967 Valid. Lobalopex Sidor Hopson Keyser 2004 Valid. Middle-Upper Permian[39] South Africa[39] Lophorhinus Sidor Smith 2007 Valid. Middle Permian[40] South Africa[40] Luangwa Brink 1963 Valid. Middle Triassic[12] Zambia[12] and Brazil[26] Lufengia Chow Hu 1959 Valid. Lower Jurassic[5] China[5] Lumkuia Hopson Kitching 2001 Valid. Lower Triassic[12] South Africa[12] Lycaenodon Broom 1925 Valid. Upper Permian[41] South Africa[41] Lycaenodontoides Haughton 1929 Syn. N/A N/A Synonym of Arctognathus[2] Lycaenoides Broom 1925 Valid. Lycaenops Broom 1925 Valid. Middle-Upper Permian[3] South Africa[3] Lycideops Broom 1931 Valid. Lycosuchus Broom 1903 Valid. Lystrosaurus Cope 1870 Valid. Upper Permian - Early Triassic[34] South Africa, Zambia, India, China, Mongolia, Russia, Antarctica, Australia and Laos[34] Madysaurus Tatarinov 2005 Valid. Massetognathus Romer 1967 Valid. Middle Triassic[42] Brazil and Argentina[42] Mastersonia Olson 1962 Valid. Lower Permian[3] United States of America[3] Maubeugia Godefroit Battail 1997 Valid. Megacyclops Broom 1931 Preocc. N/A N/A Preoccupied by crustacean Megacyclops Kiefer, 1927. Synonym of Rhachiocephalus[2] Megagomphodon Romer 1972 Syn. N/A N/A Synonym of Massetognathus[2] Megawhaitsia Ivakhnenko 2008 Valid. Upper Permian[4] Russia[4] Melinodon Broom 1905 Syn. N/A N/A Synonym of Bauria[2] Menadon Flynn Parrish Rakotosamimanana Ranivoharimanana Wyss 2000 Valid. Middle-Late Triassic[23] Madagascar[23] Micranteosaurus Boonstra 1954 Valid. Micrictodon Broom 1937 Syn. N/A N/A Synonym of Thrinaxodon[33] Microgomphodon Seeley 1895 Valid Early Triassic South Africa Microscalenodon Hahn Lepage Wouters 1988 Valid. Microsyodon Ivakhnenko 1995 Valid. Upper Permian[1] Russia[1] Microurania Ivakhnenko 1996 Valid. Upper Permian[13] Russia[13] Mnemeiosaurus Nopsca 1928 Syn. N/A N/A Synonymy of Deuterosaurus[1] Molybdopygus Tchudinov 1964 Valid. Mormosaurus Watson 1914 Valid. Moschognathus Broom 1914 Syn. N/A N/A Synonym of Moschops[2] Moschoides Byrne 1937 Syn. N/A N/A Synonym of Moschops[2] Moschops Broom 1911 Valid. Upper Permian[30] South Africa[30] Moschorhinus Broom 1920 Valid. Upper Permian - Lower Triassic[34] South Africa[34] Moschosaurus Haughton 1915 Valid. Moschowhaitsia Tatarinov 1963 Valid. Upper Permian[6] Russia[6] Mucrotherium von Huene 1933 Syn. N/A N/A Synonym of Oligokyptus[2] Myctosuchus Efremov 1937 Syn. N/A N/A Synonym of Venjukovia[2] Myosauroides Broom 1949 Valid. Myosaurus Haughton 1917 Valid. Lower Triassic[43] South Africa and Antarctica[43] Nanictocephalus Broom 1940 Valid. Nanictops Carroll 1988 Valid. Nanictosaurus Broom 1936 Valid. Nanocynodon Tatarinov 1968 Valid. Upper Permian[1] Russia[1] Nanogomphodon Hopson Sues 2006 Valid. Middle Triassic[44] Germany[44] Nasoplanites Surkov 1999 Valid. Middle Triassic[21] Russia[21] Nearctylodon Lewis 1986 Syn. N/A N/A Synonym of Kayentatherium[2] Neomegacyclops Broom 1931 Syn. N/A N/A Synonym of Rhachiocephalus[2] Newtonella Broom 1937 Valid. Niaftasuchus Ivakhnenko 1990 Valid. Upper Permian[1] Russia[1] Nikkasaurus Ivakhnenko 2000 Valid. Nitosaurus Romer 1937 Valid. Lower Permian[45] United States of America[45] Niuksenitia Tatarinov 1977 Valid. Upper Permian[1] Russia[1] Notaelurops Broom 1936 Syn. N/A N/A Synonym of Theriognathus[4] Notosollasia Broom 1925 Syn. N/A N/A Synonym of Theriognathus[4] Notosyodon Tchudinov 1968 Valid. Upper Permian[1] Kazakhstan[1] Nothogomphodon Tatarinov 1976 Valid. Middle Triassic[21] Russia[21] Odontocyclops Keyser Cruickshank 1979 Syn. N/A N/A Synonym of Rhachiocephalus[2] Oligokyphus Henning 1922 Valid. Lower Jurassic[5] China, England, Germany and United States of America[5] Ordosia Hou 1979 Syn. N/A N/A Synonym of Ordosiodon[5] Ordosiodon Young 1961 Valid. Lower Triassic[5] China[5] Orthopus Kutorga 1838 Valid. Otsheria Tchudinov 1960 Valid. Upper Permian[6] Russia[6] Oudenodon Owen 1860 Valid. Middle-Upper Permian[46] South Africa, Zambia, Madagascar,[46] Malawi and India[3] Pachydectes Rubidge Sidor Modesto 2006 Valid. Middle Permian[47] South Africa[47] Pachyrhinos Broili Schroeder 1934 Syn. N/A N/A Synonym of Gorgonops[2] Pachytegos Haughton 1932 Valid. Upper Permian[28] Tanzania[28] Palemydops Broom 1921 Valid. Parabradysaurus Efremov 1954 Valid. Upper Permian[1] Russia[1] Paraburnetia Smith Rubidge Sidor 2006 Valid. Upper Permian[48] South Africa[48] Paragalerhinus Sigogneau-Russell 1970 Valid. Parakennemeyeria Sun 1960 Valid. Lower-Middle Triassic[5] China[5] Paranteosaurus Boonstra 1954 Valid. Parascapanodon Boonstra 1955 Syn. N/A N/A Synonym of Parascapanodon[2] Parathrinaxodon Parrington 1936 Valid. Pardocephalus Broom 1948 Syn. N/A N/A Synonym of Arctops[2] Parringtoniella Toerien 1953 Valid. Parvobestiola Surkov 1999 Valid. Middle Triassic[21] Russia[21] Pascualgnathus Bonaparte 1966 Valid. Lower Triassic[12] Argentina[12] Patranomodon Rubidge Hopson 1990 Valid. Middle-Upper Permian[8] South Africa[8] Pedaeosaurus Colbert Kitching 1979 Valid. Upper Permian - Lower Triassic[43] South Africa and Antarctica[43] Pelanomodon Broom 1938 Valid. Upper Permian[3] South Africa[3] Pelorocyclops van Hoepen 1934 Syn. N/A N/A Synonym of Rhachiocephalus[2] Permocynodon Sushkin 1927 Syn. N/A N/A Synonym of Dvinia[1] Phocosaurus Seeley 1888 Valid. Phoneosuchus Efremov 1954 Valid. Phreatosaurus Efremov 1954 Valid. Middle Permian[1] Russia[1] Phreatosuchus Efremov 1954 Valid. Middle Permian[1] Russia[1] Phthinosaurus Efremov 1954 Valid. Upper Permian[6] Russia[6] Phthinosuchus Efremov 1954 Valid. Placerias Lucas 1904 Valid. Platycraniellus van Hoepen 1916 Valid. Lower Triassic[12] South Africa[12] Platycyclops Broom 1932 Syn. N/A N/A Synonym of Rhachiocephalus[2] Plintogomphodon Sues Olsen Carter 1999 Valid. Late Triassic[49] United States of America[49] Pnigalion Watson 1914 Syn. N/A N/A Synonym of Moschops[2] Poecilospondylus Case 1910 Syn. Polistodon He Cai 1984 Valid. Middle Jurassic[5] China[5] Porosteognathus Vjuschkov 1955 Valid. Upper Permian[13] Russia[13] Pravoslavleria Vjuschkov 1953 Valid. Upper Permian[1] Russia[1] Pristerodon Huxley 1868 Valid. Middle Permian[3] South Africa and India[3] Pristerognathus Seeley 1895 Valid. Middle Permian[3] South Africa[3] Probelesodon Romer 1969 Syn. N/A N/A Different growth stage of the genus Chiniquodon[12] Proburnetia Tatarinov 1968 Valid. Upper Permian[19] Russia[19] Procynosuchus Broom 1937 Valid. Upper Permian[30] South Africa[30] Prodicynodon Broom 1904 Valid. Proexaerotodon Bonaparte 1963 Syn. N/A N/A Synonym of Exaerotodon[2] Progalesaurus Sidor Smith 2004 Valid. Lower Triassic[50] South Africa[50] Prolystrosaurus Haughton 1917 Syn. N/A N/A Synonym of Lystrosaurus[2] Promoschorhynchus Brink 1954 Valid. Propelanomodon Toerien 1955 Valid. Prorubidgea Broom 1940 Valid. Protacmon Watson 1920 Syn. N/A N/A Synonym of Diademodon[2] Protheriodon Bonaparte Soares Schultz 2006 Valid. Middle Triassic[51] Brazil[51] Protuberum Reichel Schultz Soares 2009 Valid. Middle Triassic[52] Brazil[52] Prozostrodon Bonaparte Barberena 2001 Valid. Middle Triassic[26] Brazil Pseudanteosaurus Boonstra 1954 Syn. N/A N/A Synonym of Anteosaurus[2] Pseudhipposaurus Boonstra 1952 Valid. Rabidosaurus Kalandadze 1970 Valid. Middle Triassic[1] Russia[1] Raranimus Liu Rubidge Li 2009 Valid. Middle Permian[53] China[53] Rechnisaurus Roychodhury 1970 Valid.? Middle Triassic[54] India[54] Considered synonym of Kannemeyeria[5] Regisaurus Mendrez 1972 Valid. Lower Triassic[5] South Africa[5] Reiszia Ivakhnenko 2000 Valid. Rewaconodon Datta Das Luo 2004 Valid. Late Triassic[24] India[24] Rhachiocephalus Seeley 1898 Valid. Middle Permian[3] South Africa[3] Rhadiodromus Efremov 1951 Valid. Middle Triassic[1] Russia[1] Rhigosaurus Colbert Kitching 1979 Valid. Upper Permian - Lower Triassic[43] South Africa and Antarctica[43] Rhinocerocephalus Vjuschkov 1969 Valid. Rhinodicynodon Kalandadze 1970 Valid.? Middle Triassic[1] Russia[1] May be synonym of Shansiodon[5] Rhopalodon Fischer 1841 Valid. Upper Permian[1] Russia[1] Rhopalorhinus Keyser 1973 Valid.? Middle Triassic[5] Namibia[5] May be synonym of Shansiodon[5] Riebeeckosaurus Boonstra 1952 Valid. Riograndia Bonaparte Ferigolo Ribeiro 2001 Valid. Late Triassic[26] Brazil[26] Robertia Boonstra 1948 Valid. Middle-Upper Permian[3] South Africa[3] Rosieria Godefroit Battail 1997 Valid. Rubidgea Broom 1938 Valid. Rubidgina Broom 1942 Valid. Rusconodon Bonaparte 1970 Valid. Lower Triassic[12] Argentina[12] Sangusaurus Cox 1969 Valid. Santacruzodon Abdala Ribeiro 2003 Valid. Middle Triassic[26] Brazil[26] Sauroctonus Bystrov 1955 Valid. Upper Permian[1] Russia[1] Scalenodon Crompton 1955 valid. Middle Triassic[1] Tanzania and Russia[1] Scalenodontoides Crompton Ellenberger 1957 Valid. Scalopognathus Tatarinov 1974 Valid. Early Triassic[1] Russia[1] Scalopolacerta Mendrez Carroll 1979 Valid. Scaloposaurus Owen 1876 Valid. Scapanodon Broom 1904 Syn. N/A N/A Synonym of Titanosuchus[2] Scylacops Broom 1913 Valid. Scoliomus Williston Case 1915 Syn. Lower Permian[55] United States of America[55] Junior synonym of Sphenacodon[55] Scullya Broom 1929 Valid. Scylacorhinus Broom 1915 Valid. Scylacosaurus Broom 1903 Valid. Scylacosuchus Tatarinov 1968 Valid. Upper Permian[1] Russia[1] Scymnognathus Broom 1915 Valid. Scymnorhinus Bonaparte 1846 Valid. Scymnosaurus Broom 1903 Valid. Sesamodon Broom 1905 Syn. N/A N/A Synonym of Bauria[2] Sesamondon author author 19xx Valid. Shaanbeikannemeyeria Cheng 1980 Valid Early Triassic China Shansiodon Yeh 1959 Valid. Middle Triassic[5] China[5] Silphedosuchus Tatarinov 1977 Valid. Silphoictidoides von Huene 1950 Valid. Simorhinella Broom 1915 Valid. Sinognathus Young 1959 Valid. Middle Triassic[5] China[5] Sinokannemeyeria Young 1937 Valid. Middle Triassic[5] China[5] Sinophonus Cheng Li 1996 Valid. Upper Permian[15] China[15] Smilesaurus Broom 1948 Valid. Late Permian South Africa Stahleckeria von Huene 1935 Valid. Lower-Upper Triassic[12] Brazil[12] Stenocybus Cheng Li 1997 Valid. Upper Permian[15] China[15] Steppesaurus Olson Beerbower 1953 Valid. Lower Permian[3] United States of America[3] Striodon Sun 1973 Nomen dubium N/A N/A Striodon magnus is regarded as a nomen dubium, and its type specimen is identified as Dicynodon sp.[5] Struthiocephaloides Boonstra 1952 Valid. Struthiocephalus Haughton 1915 Valid. Middle Permian[17] South Africa[17] Struthionops Boonstra 1952 Valid. Storthyggnathus Janesch 1952 Valid. Styracocephalus Haughton 1929 Valid. Suminia Ivakhnenko 1994 Valid. Upper Permian[6] Russia[6] Sycosaurus von Huene 1950 Valid. Synostocephalus Broili Schroeder 1935 Valid. Syodon Kutorga 1838 Valid. Sysphinctostoma Broili Schroeser 1936 Syn. N/A N/A Synonym of Diademodon[2] Tangagorgon Boonstra 1953 Valid. Taognathus Broom 1911 Valid. Tapinocaninus Rubidge 1991 Valid. Middle Permian[3] South Africa[3] Tapinocephalus Owen 1876 Valid. Middle Permian[3] South Africa[3] Taurocephalus Broom 1928 Valid. Taurops Broom 1912 Valid. Tetraceratops Matthew 1908 Valid. Lower Permian[56] United States of America[56] Placement within Therapsida questioned[57] Tetracynodon Broom Robinson 1948 Valid. Upper Permian - Lower Triassic[34] South Africa[34] Tetragonias Cruickshank 1967 Valid.? Middle Triassic[5] South Africa[5] May be synonym of Shansiodon[5] Theriognathus Owen 1876 Valid. Upper Permian[4] South Africa[4] Theropsis Cabrera 1943 Syn. N/A N/A Synonym of Exaerotodon[2] Theropsodon von Huene 1950 Valid. Thrinaxodon Seeley 1894 Valid. Lower Triassic[33] South Africa and Antarctica[33] Tigrisaurus Broom George 1950 Valid. Titanognathus Broili Schroeder 1935 Syn. N/A N/A Synonym of Anteosaurus[2] Titanophoneus Efremov 1938 Valid. Upper Permian[13] Russia[13] Titanosuchus Owen 1876 Valid. Upper Permian[30] South Africa[30] Traversodon von Huene 1936 Valid. Middle Triassic[26] Brazil[26] Traversodontoides Young 1974 Valid. Middle Triassic[5] China[5] Triachodontoides Broom 1932 Syn. N/A N/A Synonym of Trirachodon[2] Triglyphus Fraas 1866 Syn. N/A N/A Synonym of Tritylodon[2] Trirachodon Seeley 1895 Valid. Tritheledon Broom 1912 Valid. Tritylodon Owen 1884 Valid. Tritylodontoides Fourie 1962 Syn. N/A N/A Synonym of Tritylodon[2] Trochosuchus Broom 1908 Valid. Trochosaurus Haughton 1915 Valid. Tropidostoma Broom 1915 Valid. Middle Permian[3] South Africa[3] Trucidocynodon Oliveira Soares Schultz 2010 Valid. Upper Triassic[58] Brazil[58] Turfanodon Sun 1973 Valid Late Permian China Ulemica Ivakhnenko 1996 Valid. Upper Permian[6] Russia[6] Ulemosaurus Ryabinin 1938 Valid.? Upper Permian[1] Russia[1] Considered synonym of Moschops[2] Uniserium von Huene 1933 Syn. N/A N/A Synonym of Oligokyptus[2] Uralocynodon Tatarinov 1987 Valid. Upper Permian[1] Russia[1] Uralokannemeyeria Danilov 1971 Valid. Middle Triassic[1] Russia[1] Uraniscosaurus Nopsca 1928 Syn. N/A N/A Synonym of Deuterosaurus[1] Urumchia Young 1952 Valid. Lower Triassic[5] China[5] Venjukovia Amaltskii 1922 Valid. Upper Permian[6] Russia[6] Viatkosuchus Tatarinov 1995 Valid. Vinceria Bonaparte 1969 Valid. Lower Triassic[12] Argentina[12] Wadiasaurus Roychodhury 1970 Valid. Middle Triassic[54] India[54] Wangwosaurus Young 1979 Valid. Watsoniella Broili Schroder 1935 Syn. N/A N/A Synonym of Bauria[2] Whaitsia Haughton 1918 Syn. N/A N/A Synonym of Theriognathus[4] Xiyukannemeyeria Liu Li 2003 Valid. Xyrospondylus Reisz Heaton Pynn 1982 Valid. Yikezhaogia Li 1984 Valid. Lower Triassic[5] China[5] Yunnania Cui 1976 Preocc. N/A N/A Preoccupied by gastropod Yunnania Mansuy, 1912 Yunnanodon Cui 1986 Valid. Lower Jurassic[5] China[5] Replacement name by Yunnania Cui, 1976[5] Zambiasaurus Cox 1969 Valid. Lower Triassic[12] Zambia[12] Zopherosuchus Tchudinov 1983 Valid. Upper Permian[6] Russia[6] Zorillodontops Cluver 1969 Valid.		Aelurognathus. Aloposaurus. Anomocephalus. Anteosaurus. Aulacocephalodon. Bauria. Biarmosuchus. Charassognathus. Cistecephalus. Clelandina. Cyonosaurus. Deuterosaurus. Dicynodon. Diictodon. Dinodontosaurus. Dinogorgon. Endothiodon. Eodicynodon. Eotitanosuchus. Ericiolacerta. Estemmenosuchus. Galepus. Gorgonops. Inostrancevia. Ischigualastia. Jonkeria. Kannemeyeria. Keratocephalus. Kingoria. Lemurosaurus. Lycaenops. Lycosuchus. Lystrosaurus. Microurania. Moschops. Moschorhinus. Nikkasaurus. Paraburnetia. Placerias. Pristerognathus. Rabidosaurus. Raranimus. Regisaurus. Robertia. Sauroctonus. Sesamodon. Sinokannemeyeria. Stahleckeria. Struthiocephalus. Styracocephalus. Suminia. Tetraceratops. Theriognathus. Thrinaxodon. Titanosuchus. Ulemosaurus.

See also

• List of prehistoric mammals
• Synapsid

References

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External links

• Main Groups of Non-Mammalian Synapsida