Miami County, Kansas

Miami County, Kansas

Miami County Courthouse in Paola (2009)
Map of Kansas highlighting Miami County
Location in the state of Kansas
Map of the United States highlighting Kansas
Kansas's location in the U.S.
Founded August 25, 1855
Named for Miami tribe
Seat Paola
Largest city Paola
Area
 • Total 590 sq mi (1,528 km2)
 • Land 576 sq mi (1,492 km2)
 • Water 15 sq mi (39 km2), 2.5%
Population
 • (2010) 32,787
 • Density 57/sq mi (22/km²)
Congressional districts 2nd, 3rd
Time zone Central: UTC-6/-5
Website miamicountyks.org

Coordinates: 38°35′N 94°51′W / 38.583°N 94.850°W / 38.583; -94.850

Miami County (county code MI) is a county located in east-central Kansas. As of the 2010 census, the county population was 32,787.[1] Its county seat and most populous city is Paola.[2]

Miami County is included in the Kansas City, MO-KS Metropolitan Statistical Area.

History

Native Americans

The first settlements of the area were by Native American Indian tribes, primarily in the 1820s through the 1840s. This was due to their removal from areas east (Ohio, Illinois and Indiana)and the designation of the area as part of the Indian Territory. The tribes included were the Miami and Shawnee, and the Pottawatomie, Piankeshaw, Kaskaskia, Wea and Peoria, which comprised the Confederated Tribes. The original Miami reservation consisted of approximately 500,000 acres (2,000 km2). Early white settlers during that time were primarily serving as missionaries to the tribes. Over time, other settlers continued to arrive to build homes on the Miami reservation, and by 1854, the U.S. Government purchased all but 72,000 acres (290 km2) from the Miami tribe.

Two notable members of the Confederated Tribes were Christmas Dagnette, and Baptiste Peoria. Dagnette was born in 1800, and was a nephew of a Wea chief, originally from Indiana. He had received some formal education, spoke several of the Native American languages, and additionally spoke English, French and Spanish. He had served as an interpreter to the U.S. Government by the age of sixteen. Having moved to the area that is now Miami County with the Wea tribe, he served as chief for several years before his death in 1848. Baptiste Peoria was also born around 1800, and while he didn't receive formal education like Dagnette, he learned the languages of the Shawnee, Delaware, Pottawatomie, and several more of the Confederated Tribes. In addition, he spoke English and French.[3] Peoria was of both French and Native American Indian ethnicity, and like Dagnette, served as an interpreter and as a chief for some time. Baptiste Peoria became a respected member of the Paola Town Company, and was instrumental in the founding and development of the city of Paola in the early and mid-1860s. He moved (to what is now Oklahoma) with his tribe in 1868, when they were once again removed to a newly designated Indian territory, and died there in 1878. Some of the Native American Indians stayed in the area (Miami County), and became citizens of the United States.[4]

Trail of Death

A notorious path known as the Trail of Death has been officially recognized by the states of Indiana, Illinois, Missouri and Kansas. Signs in all four states highlight the regional historic pathway. The 27-mile trail through the county follows local roads starting in the north at the intersection of 215th Street and Metcalf Avenue. It moves south along Metcalf Avenue to 223rd Street. There it turns west to U.S. Highway 69. From there, it turns south on U.S. 69 to Kansas Highway 68, where it again turns west along K-68 to Old Kansas City Road north of Paola. There it turns south on Old KC Road to Baptiste Drive in Paola. The trail makes a short turn back east on Baptiste Drive to North Pearl Street, where it turns south again to West Wea Street adjacent to Paola’s historic Square. It turns west on Wea Street to South Silver Street, follows what is also known as Old Kansas City Road to 327th Street. By turning west on 327th, the trail enters its final path on one road that undergoes several names. The county road 327th Street becomes 6th St Osawatomie as it turns south and enters the city limits. As it exits the city limits, it becomes Plum Creek Road/ K-7 Highway. The farthest south monument for the Trail of Death is located at 363rd Street and Plum Creek Road.

A treaty signed in 1836 forced Indian tribes in the Eastern United States to move west of the Mississippi River, but Pottawatomie Chief Menominee, his tribe, and others refused to leave their land. In autumn 1838, the Pottawatomie were removed by force from their villages and underwent a treacherous two-month journey. On the trip, 42 of the 859 Native Americans died, most of them children and the elderly, from typhoid fever and the stress of the passage. They were buried along the route, which became known as the Trail of Death.

When they reached Kansas, some Pottawatomie lived for about a decade in Linn County at Sugar Creek Trading Post, which is now St. Philippine Duchesne Memorial Park. Other Pottawatomie tribes were relocated to various eastern parts of the state.

The trail, which marks the route the Pottawatomie took, begins in Rochester, Ind., and meanders through Illinois and Missouri to end in eastern Kansas. The route was documented by Jesse C. Douglas, who accompanied the group on the march.

The Trail of Death Commemorative Caravan of Pottawatomie Indians and historians has retraced the 660-mile trail every five years since 1988. Travelers on the trail today can view artifacts from the Pottawatomie Tribe along with other historical displays at the Miami County Historical Museum located in Paola, 12 E. Peoria St. Those displays include a diary of their trip, which hangs just outside the Early American History Room. .[5]

Pre-Civil War Period

When Kansas Territory was incorporated in 1854 due to the Kansas-Nebraska Act,the Missouri Compromise of 1820 was essentially repealed. Bordering the slave state of Missouri to its east, the county (Miami) and surrounding areas became a location for violence between abolitionists and the "Border Ruffians" of Missouri. These acts of violence and battles that took place primarily from 1854–1858, became known as border wars, and Kansas became known as Bleeding Kansas. Kansas Territory was not yet a state, and it was a battle on which forces would become dominant, slave or free. Many abolitionists came from other states to live in the area and ensure Kansas' entry as a state as a free, or anti-slavery one. The county's most notable abolitionist was John Brown, who moved to Osawatomie,making it the headquarters for he and his anti-slavery forces. As a result of this, Osawatomie, as well as the surrounding countryside and communities became the center for several battles and acts of violence during this period. Near Osawatomie are historic sites of John Brown, such as his famous Civil War lookout.[3]

Etymology

The county was originally established in 1855 as Lykins County, after Dr. David Lykins. Lykins was a Baptist missionary to the Native American Indian tribes in the area, and had built a school for them in what is now rural Miami County. He also served as a member of the territorial council, and was pro-slavery. By January 1861, the anti-slavery forces had been established as dominant, and Kansas entered the union as a free state. As a result of Dr. Lykins' views on slavery, Lykins County's name was changed to Miami County on June 3, 1861. The new name was in honor of the predominant Native American tribe that settled the area, the Miami.[6]

Natural gas

In 1882, a large deposit of natural gas was discovered in rural Miami County, 7 miles (11 km) east of Paola. By 1886 a pipeline was completed to the town's square, where it illuminated lamps there. By 1887, Paola had its street lamps lighted with lamps using natural gas. Other fields of natural gas were discovered throughout Miami County by 1887, and for a time, the area around Paola was considered to be a gas belt. In the summer of 1887, a Natural Gas Jubilee was held, which was a celebration for people to come and marvel at the use of natural gas.[3]

Landmarks

Miami County communities are host to many landmarks and buildings with historical significance. From historical bridges and architecture such as the Creamery Bridge, as well as John Brown & Civil War history in and near Osawatomie, to the hall of fame musical landmark and cider mill near Louisburg, to a library constructed in honor of a wine maker in Paola. The Poor Farm Cemetery, historically significant because many of those interred at the site once worked the county's Poor Farm, is just one of several historical cemeteries.[4]

Community

The location of Miami County, a short drive south of Kansas City,allows it to offer residents and visitors aspects of both city and rural lifestyles. Miami County and its cities, Paola, Louisburg, Spring Hill, Osawatomie, and Fontana offer a variety of activities and hobbies. Among them are golf, hiking, camping, fishing, hunting, horseback riding, water sports, astronomy and a variety of community festivals and events that take place throughout the year. There are also historical places and museums to study its history. During the summer, each community offers a farmer's market with booths offering locally grown food and goods.[4]

Miami County Farm Tour

In the spring of each year, various Miami County farms and farm businesses participate in the Miami County Farm Tour. The public is invited to come to each farm with their families as part of a free self-guided driving tour. The goal is to experience and learn about the operations, produce and/or animals at each farm stop. Visitors and residents of Miami County have made the farm tour an annual event.[4]

Agriculture

According to the USDA's 2007 Census of Agriculture, Miami County has 1,538 farms and the average size of the farm is 200 acres (81 ha). Forage, including hay, grass silage, etc... tops the crop list with over 54,000 acres (22,000 ha). More than 40,000 acres (16,000 ha) within the county are used to grow soybeans. Corn is planted to over 20,500 acres (8,300 ha). The top livestock items in number are Cattle and calves, totaling over 43,000. Horses and layers (chickens) are next with over 3,400 and 2,100 respectively. ([7]

The 1990 World Supreme Champion dairy cow once resided in Miami County. This holstein cow, named Enns Banner Olivia, came to Miami County from Marion County, Kansas when she was three years old to the farm named Keene, Pretz Holsteins.[8]

Miami County has the Fontana Co-Op for farmers to take harvested crop for storage until ready for market. There are two locations for them to make use of.[4]

Law and government

Miami County was a prohibition, or "dry", county until the Kansas Constitution was amended in 1986 and voters approved the sale of alcoholic liquor by the individual drink with a 30% food sales requirement.[9]

Geography

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 590 square miles (1,500 km2), of which 576 square miles (1,490 km2) is land and 15 square miles (39 km2) (2.5%) is water.[10]

Lakes

Other lakes in Miami County, each with specific restrictions and activities to offer, include:

Adjacent counties

Demographics

Historical population
Census Pop. %±
18604,980—
187011,725135.4%
188017,80251.8%
189019,61410.2%
190021,64110.3%
191020,030−7.4%
192019,809−1.1%
193021,2437.2%
194019,489−8.3%
195019,6981.1%
196019,8840.9%
197019,254−3.2%
198021,61812.3%
199023,4668.5%
200028,35120.8%
201032,78715.6%
Est. 201432,822[12]0.1%
U.S. Decennial Census[13]
1790-1960[14] 1900-1990[15]
1990-2000[16] 2010-2013[1]
Population pyramid

As of the U.S. Census in 2000,[17] there were 28,351 people, 10,365 households, and 7,794 families residing in the county. The population density was 49 people per square mile (19/km²). There were 10,984 housing units at an average density of 19 per square mile (7/km²). The racial makeup of the county was 95.96% White, 1.54% Black or African American, 0.52% Native American, 0.17% Asian, 0.01% Pacific Islander, 0.44% from other races, and 1.36% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.59% of the population.

There were 10,365 households out of which 37.00% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 63.50% were married couples living together, 8.00% had a female householder with no husband present, and 24.80% were non-families. 21.00% of all households were made up of individuals and 8.80% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.66 and the average family size was 3.09.

In the county the population was spread out with 27.90% under the age of 18, 7.30% from 18 to 24, 29.70% from 25 to 44, 23.10% from 45 to 64, and 11.90% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 37 years. For every 100 females there were 97.80 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 96.00 males.

The median income for a household in the county was $46,665, and the median income for a family was $55,830. Males had a median income of $37,441 versus $27,271 for females. The per capita income for the county was $21,408. About 3.60% of families and 5.50% of the population were below the poverty line, including 5.40% of those under age 18 and 8.40% of those age 65 or over.

Education

At one time in its history, Miami County had more than 100 schools. While most of those school buildings either no longer exist, or have been vacant for many years, the Rock Creek School at 231st & Pressonville, a one-room schoolhouse built in 1910, was used as a school until 1966. The residents near it in the northwest corner of Miami County, purchased the red brick schoolhouse from the school district for $1. Today, the schoolhouse is still used as a township hall to hold meetings, suppers, and other community events.[18] In 1878, a Normal School, one of five in the state of Kansas, was established in Paola by Professor John Wherrell, which flourished for six years. Notable students of the Normal School were: U.S. Senator Chester I. Long, and the father of peanuts George Washington Carver.[19]

Unified school districts

Communities

2005 KDOT Map of Miami County (map legend)

Cities

Unincorporated communities

Townships

Miami County is divided into thirteen townships. The cities of Louisburg, Osawatomie, Paola, and Spring Hill are considered governmentally independent and are excluded from the census figures for the townships. In the following table, the population center is the largest city (or cities) included in that township's population total, if it is of a significant size.

Township FIPS Population
center		 Population Population
density
/km² (/sq mi)		 Land area
km² (sq mi) 		Water area
km² (sq mi) 		Water % Geographic coordinates
Marysville 45100 2,575 20 (51) 131 (50) 12 (5) 8.28% 38°40′48″N 94°51′31″W / 38.68000°N 94.85861°W / 38.68000; -94.85861
Miami 46100 506 4 (10) 126 (48) 1 (0) 0.53% 38°27′56″N 94°44′47″W / 38.46556°N 94.74639°W / 38.46556; -94.74639
Middle Creek 46225 1,649 11 (28) 151 (58) 1 (1) 0.89% 38°34′8″N 94°42′32″W / 38.56889°N 94.70889°W / 38.56889; -94.70889
Mound 48700 705 8 (22) 83 (32) 0 (0) 0.06% 38°25′32″N 94°58′56″W / 38.42556°N 94.98222°W / 38.42556; -94.98222
Osage 53175 649 6 (16) 106 (41) 0 (0) 0.46% 38°26′0″N 94°50′58″W / 38.43333°N 94.84944°W / 38.43333; -94.84944
Osawatomie 53250 794 9 (23) 90 (35) 0 (0) 0.12% 38°29′7″N 94°58′53″W / 38.48528°N 94.98139°W / 38.48528; -94.98139
Paola 54275 1,100 16 (40) 71 (27) 0 (0) 0.65% 38°33′48″N 94°51′44″W / 38.56333°N 94.86222°W / 38.56333; -94.86222
Richland 59475 1,758 11 (27) 166 (64) 16 (6) 8.89% 38°40′23″N 95°0′11″W / 38.67306°N 95.00306°W / 38.67306; -95.00306
Stanton 67925 925 9 (23) 103 (40) 0 (0) 0.37% 38°32′51″N 95°0′32″W / 38.54750°N 95.00889°W / 38.54750; -95.00889
Sugar Creek 68825 449 4 (11) 104 (40) 1 (0) 0.63% 38°26′40″N 94°40′14″W / 38.44444°N 94.67056°W / 38.44444; -94.67056
Ten Mile 70125 1,259 10 (27) 121 (47) 1 (0) 0.51% 38°40′12″N 94°45′41″W / 38.67000°N 94.76139°W / 38.67000; -94.76139
Valley 72950 1,478 16 (41) 93 (36) 0 (0) 0.37% 38°30′54″N 94°52′25″W / 38.51500°N 94.87361°W / 38.51500; -94.87361
Wea 76225 1,836 16 (41) 117 (45) 1 (0) 0.43% 38°39′39″N 94°40′49″W / 38.66083°N 94.68028°W / 38.66083; -94.68028
Sources: "Census 2000 U.S. Gazetteer Files". U.S. Census Bureau, Geography Division. 

See also

Community information for Kansas
Education information for Kansas
Historical information for Kansas

References

  1. 1 2 "State & County QuickFacts". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved July 27, 2014.
  2. ↑ "Find a County". National Association of Counties. Retrieved 2011-06-07.
  3. 1 2 3 "Miami County History". Swan River Museum. Archived from the original on July 16, 2009. Retrieved 2009-12-21.
  4. 1 2 3 4 5 6 "Miami County 2009 Visitors Guide"
  5. ↑ "Historic". MICO Econ Dev. Retrieved 2013-03-07.
  6. ↑ "Kansas Counties". Kansas State Historical Society. Archived from the original on September 19, 2008. Retrieved 2009-12-21.
  7. ↑ "Census of Agriculture". USDA. Retrieved 2012-05-15.
  8. ↑ "World Dairy Supreme Cahmpions". Dairy Cow Daily. Retrieved 2013-03-07.
  9. ↑ "Map of Wet and Dry Counties". Alcoholic Beverage Control, Kansas Department of Revenue. November 2006. Retrieved 2007-12-28.
  10. ↑ "US Gazetteer files: 2010, 2000, and 1990". United States Census Bureau. 2011-02-12. Retrieved 2011-04-23.
  11. ↑ "Miami County Lakes". Fishing Works. Retrieved 2009-12-22.
  12. ↑ "Annual Estimates of the Resident Population for Incorporated Places: April 1, 2010 to July 1, 2014". Retrieved June 4, 2015.
  13. ↑ "U.S. Decennial Census". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved July 27, 2014.
  14. ↑ "Historical Census Browser". University of Virginia Library. Retrieved July 27, 2014.
  15. ↑ "Population of Counties by Decennial Census: 1900 to 1990". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved July 27, 2014.
  16. ↑ "Census 2000 PHC-T-4. Ranking Tables for Counties: 1990 and 2000" (PDF). United States Census Bureau. Retrieved July 27, 2014.
  17. ↑ "American FactFinder". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved 2008-01-31.
  18. ↑ "Residents Celebrate 100th Anniversary of Rock Creek School". LJWorld.com. Retrieved 2012-05-15.
  19. ↑ "Paola 150 Years". Miami County Historical Museum. Retrieved 2012-05-15.

Further reading

External links

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