Papal inauguration of Pope Francis

Among the people at St. Peter's Square during The Inauguration Mass

The Papal inauguration of Pope Francis was held on 19 March 2013^[1] in St. Peter's Square in the Vatican. Holy Mass was celebrated by Pope Francis before political and religious leaders from around the world. The crowd was estimated between 150,000 and 200,000. Official delegations from 132 states and various religious groups attended. It was the first papal inauguration attended by the Patriarch of Constantinople in over 1000 years.

Ceremony

Pope Francis waving to the crowds after the Mass

About half an hour before the Mass, Francis toured the square in the popemobile to greet the crowds. He stopped and left the popemobile once to kiss a disabled man.

Pope Francis wore a simple mitre, which he has had since he was bishop, as well as its matching chasuble. He used the pastoral staff that Benedict XVI used, but in contrast to Benedict XVI's grand liturgical sense, Pope Francis kept the songs and liturgical actions simple. According to Cardinal Timothy Dolan, Pope Francis's lack of singing during Mass is attributed to him having only one lung.^[2]

After the Pope's arrival, the ceremony began with the new Pope descending to the tomb of St. Peter in St. Peter's Basilica. The pope, along with the Patriarchs and Major-Archbishops of the Eastern Catholic Churches prayed at the tomb.^[3] Afterwards, the pallium—a lamb's wool shawl—and the Ring of the Fisherman were taken by two deacons from the tomb where they had previously been laid and carried up to be borne in procession.^[3] Then the pope and the Eastern Catholic Patriarchs and Major-Archbishops went up to the Basilica main floor and proceeded along with the other cardinals, bishops and other clergy in procession to the square chanting the Laudes Regiæ.^[3]

The cardinal protodeacon, Cardinal Jean-Louis Tauran, bestowed the pallium on the Pope.^[3] The senior elector cardinal-priest Godfried Danneels pronounced the formal prayer for the new pope before the Ring of the Fisherman was presented.^{[3][lower-alpha 1]} Angelo Sodano, Dean of the College of Cardinals, presented him with his Fisherman's Ring of gold-plated silver unlike his predecessors' which were gold.^[3][6] Six cardinals, two of each rank of cardinal, then professed their obedience to Pope Francis on behalf of the College of Cardinals.^{[lower-alpha 2]} In previous ceremonies, all the cardinals did so.^{[8][lower-alpha 3]}

According to a Vatican spokesperson between 150,000 and 200,000 people attended.^[11]

Homily

Pope Francis delivered his homily in Italian. He focused on the Solemnity of Saint Joseph, the liturgical day on which the Mass was celebrated. He stated that everyone needs to care for the earth and for each other as Joseph cared for Jesus and Mary. He set forth a plan of his own actions: "The pope, too, when exercising power, must enter ever more fully into that service, which has its radiant culmination on the cross."^[11][12]

Official delegations

Some 132 states and international organizations sent delegations to the inauguration. The delegations included 6 sovereign rulers, 31 heads of state, 3 princes, and 11 heads of government.^{[6][13][14][15]}

States

President of Argentina, Cristina Fernandez de Kirchner with Pope Francis during the installation mass.

President of Italy, Giorgio Napolitano and his wife Clio greet Pope Francis

Mexican President Peña Nieto meeting Pope Francis at the papal inauguration

Governor General of Canada David Lloyd Johnston and his wife Sharon with Jason Kenney, and Marc Ouellet the night before

Brazilian president Dilma Rousseff greets Pope Francis.

Country	Flag	Official delegation
Andorra		Co-Prince Joan Enric Vives Sicília, Bishop of Urgell
Albania		Prime Minister Sali Berisha
Angola		Vice President Manuel Domingos Vicente[16]
Armenia		President Serzh Sargsyan
Argentina		President Cristina Fernandez de Kirchner
Austria		President Heinz Fischer and his wife, Margit Fischer Chancellor Werner Faymann Vice Chancellor Michael Spindelegger
Bahrain		Prince Abdullah bin Hamad bin Isa Al Khalifa
Bangladesh		Foreign Minister Dipu Moni[17]
Belarus		Anatoly Rubinov, Chairman of the Council of the Republic Sergey Aleinik, Ambassador to the Holy See[18]
Belgium		King Albert II and Queen Paola Prime Minister Elio Di Rupo
Bosnia-Herzegovina		Prime Minister Vjekoslav Bevanda Zlatko Lagumdžija, Minister of Foreign Affairs Sredoje Nović, Minister of Civil Affairs Eugen Šušak, Head of the Cabinet of the Prime Minister[19]
Brazil		President Dilma Rousseff
Bulgaria		President Rosen Plevneliev
Canada		Governor General David Johnston and his wife Sharon Johnston Jason Kenney, Minister for Citizenship, Immigration and Multiculturalism[20]
Chile		President Sebastian Piñera and First Lady Cecilia Morel
China, Republic of		President Ma Ying-jeou and First Lady Christine Chow Mei-ching Vanessa Shih, Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs
Colombia		Maria Angela Holguin, Minister of Foreign Affairs
Costa Rica		President Laura Chinchilla
Croatia		President Ivo Josipović and First Lady Tatjana Josipović Vesna Pusić, First Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Foreign and European Affairs[21]
Cuba		First Vice President Miguel Díaz-Canel[22]
Cyprus		Andreas Mavroyiannis, Permanent Secretary of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs [23]
Czech Republic		Karel Schwarzenberg, Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Foreign Affairs[24]
Dominican Republic		Cándida Montilla de Medina, First Lady
Ecuador		President Rafael Correa[25]
Egypt		Mohamed Saber Ibrahim Arab, Minister of Culture
El Salvador		Hugo Martínez, Minister of Foreign Affairs[26]
France		Prime Minister Jean-Marc Ayrault Laurent Fabius, Minister of Foreign and European Affairs
Germany		Norbert Lammert, President of the Bundestag Winfried Kretschmann, President of the Bundesrat Chancellor Angela Merkel Vice Chancellor Philipp Rösler
Honduras		President Porfirio Lobo Sosa
Hungary		President János Áder and First Lady Anita Herczegh Zsolt Semjén, Deputy Prime Minister György Hölvényi, State Secretary for religious, ethnic and civil society[27]
Italy		President Giorgio Napolitano and First Lady Clio Maria Bittoni Prime Minister Mario Monti Pietro Grasso, President of the Senate Laura Boldrini, President of the Chamber of Deputies
India		P. J. Kurien, Rajya Sabha Deputy Chairman[28]
Ireland		President Michael D. Higgins and his wife Sabina Coyne.[29] Michael Noonan, Minister for Finance
Japan		Yoshiro Mori, former Prime Minister
Kosovo		Hashim Thaçi, Prime Minister[30]
Lebanon		Prime Minister Nagib Miqati
Liechtenstein		Hereditary Prince Alois and his wife Hereditary Princess Sophie[31]
Lithuania		President Dalia Grybauskaitė
Luxembourg		Grand Duke Henri and Grand Duchess Maria Teresa
Malta		President George Abela Prime Minister Joseph Muscat Lawrence Gonzi, Leader of the Opposition[32]
Mexico		President Enrique Peña Nieto and his wife, Angélica Rivera
Monaco		Prince Albert II and Princess Charlene
Netherlands		Prince Willem-Alexander, The Prince of Orange and his wife, Princess Máxima Prime Minister Mark Rutte
New Zealand		Chris Finlayson, Cabinet minister[33]
Nicaragua		Vice President Omar Halleslevens[34]
Nigeria		David Mark, President of the Senate Stella Oduah-Ogiemwonyi, Minister of Aviation Viola Onwuliri, Minister of State[35]
Paraguay		President Federico Franco
Peru		Rafael Roncagliolo, Minister of Foreign Affairs
Philippines		Vice President Jejomar Binay[36]
Poland		President Bronisław Komorowski and First Lady Anna Komorowska Bogdan Borusewicz, Speaker of the Senate Lech Wałęsa, former President Jacek Cichocki, Director of the Prime Minister's Office[37]
Portugal		President Anibal Cavaco Silva
Romania		President Traian Băsescu
Russia		Sergey Naryshkin, Chairman of the State Duma
San Marino		Pasquale Valentini, Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs and Politics[38]
Serbia		President Tomislav Nikolić Ivan Mrkić, Minister of Foreign Affairs
Seychelles		Jean-Paul Adam, Minister for Foreign Affairs [39]
Singapore		Grace Fu, Minister in Prime Minister's Office[40]
Slovakia		President Ivan Gašparovič[41]
Slovenia		President Borut Pahor
South Korea		Yoo Jin-ryong, Minister of Culture, Sports and Tourism
Spain		Infante Felipe, The Prince of Asturias and his wife, The Princess of Asturias Prime Minister Mariano Rajoy[42]
Sri Lanka		Neomal Perera, Deputy Minister of External Affairs Sarath Kumara Gunaratna, Deputy Minister of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources John Amaratunga, Member of Parliament[43]
Switzerland		Didier Burkhalter Federal Councillor[44]
Ukraine		Kostyantyn Hryshchenko, Deputy Prime Minister[45]
United Kingdom		Prince Richard, The Duke of Gloucester and his wife, Birgitte, The Duchess of Gloucester Baroness Warsi, Senior Minister of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs and Minister for Faith and Communities Kenneth Clarke, Minister without Portfolio[46]
United States		Vice President Joe Biden and his sister, Valerie Biden Owens Nancy Pelosi, Minority Leader in the House of Representatives Susana Martinez, Governor of New Mexico
Venezuela		Diosdado Cabello, President of National Assembly[47]
Zimbabwe		President Robert Mugabe and First Lady Grace Mugabe

Taiwan's representation was opposed by China, which has asked the Vatican to end the diplomatic relations with the state.^[48]

Others

subject of international law	Flag	Official delegation
European Union		Herman Van Rompuy, President of the European Council[49] Jose Manuel Barroso, President of the European Commission[50] Martin Schulz, President of the European Parliament[51]
United Nations		José Graziano da Silva, Director-General of the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO)[52]
Sovereign Military Order of Malta		Prince and Grand Master Matthew Festing[53]

Religious figures

Christian Churches

Church	Official delegation
Eastern Orthodox Churches
Orthodox Church of Constantinople	Bartholomew I, Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople[54]
Russian Orthodox Church	Hilarion (Alfeyev), Department for External Church Relations of Moscow Partriarchate[55]
Serbian Orthodox Church	Metropolitan Amfilohije (Radović), Metropolitan of Montenegro and the Littoral and Administrator of Eparchy of Buenos Aires (and Central and Southern America)[56]
Orthodox Church in America	Metropolitan Tikhon, Metropolitan of All America and Canada[57]
Anglican and Old Catholic Churches
Church of England	John Sentamu, Archbishop of York, Primate of England[58]
Episcopal Church	Pierre Whalon, bishop-in-charge of the Convocation of Episcopal Churches in Europe
Union of Utrecht (Old Catholic)	Joris Vercammen, Archbishop of Utrecht[59]
Oriental Orthodox
Armenian Apostolic Church	Karekin II, Catholicos of All Armenians[60]

The Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople had not attended a papal inauguration since the Great Schism of 1054. Orthodox leaders said that the decision of Patriarch Bartholomew I of Constantinople to attend showed that he considers the relationship between the Orthodox and Catholic churches a priority. They also noted that Francis' "well-documented work for social justice and his insistence that globalization is detrimental to the poor" may have created a "renewed opportunity" for the two church communities to "work collectively on issues of mutual concern."^[61][62][63]

Other religions

Body	Official delegation
Buddhism
Risshō Kōsei Kai	Nichiko Niwano, President[64]
Jainism
Institute of Jainology	Harshadray N Sanghrajka, Deputy Chair & Director
Judaism
Italian Jewish Community	Riccardo di Segni, Grand Rabbi of Rome Riccardo Pacifici, President of Rome's Jewish community
Chief Rabbinate of Israel	Oded Wiener, Director General[65]
Islam
Islamic Community of Serbia	Muhamed Jusufspahić, Mufti of Serbia and Vice President of Rijaset of Islamic Community of Serbia
Islamic Community of Latin America	Mohamed Youssef Hajar, Secretary General of the Islamic Organisation of Latin America

Notes

1. The cardinal protopresbyter or protopriest had the privilege of pronouncing the formal prayer for the new pope at a papal inauguration--in 2005 the then-protopriest Stephen Kim Sou-hwan (a non-elector cardinal) exercised this privilege at the inauguration of Pope Benedict XVI. At Pope Francis' inauguration, the privilege ordinarily would have been exercised by the incumbent protopriest Cardinal Paulo Evaristo Arns, Archbishop-Emeritus of São Paulo, Brazil; however Cardinal Arns was absent so his place was taken by the senior cardinal-elector from the order of cardinal-priests Godfried Danneels, Archbishop-Emeritus of Mechelen-Brussels, Belgium^[4][5]
2. The six cardinals were Giovanni Battista Re and Tarcisio Bertone representing the Cardinal-Bishops; Joachim Meisner and Jozef Tomko representing the Cardinal-Priests; and Renato Raffaele Martino and Francesco Marchisano representing the Cardinal-Deacons.^[3][7]
3. In previous papal coronations and inaugurations up to and including Pope John Paul II's inauguration, all cardinals present professed their obedience. Pope Benedict XVI's inauguration was the first where only selected cardinals made the public profession of obedience. At Pope Benedict XVI's inauguration, the cardinals who made the public profession of obedience were: the senior Cardinal Bishop Angelo Sodano, the protopriest Stephen Kim Sou-hwan, and the protodeacon Jorge Arturo Medina Estévez. In addition, nine non-cardinals also made the public profession of obedience at Benedict's inauguration: Bishop Andrea Erba, the bishop of Benedict's former suburbicarian diocese of Velletri-Segni, Father Enrico Pomili the priest serving as pastor of Benedict's former titular church Santa Maria Consolatrice al Tiburtino when he was a Cardinal priest, a deacon, a religious brother, a Benedictine nun, a married couple from Korea, and a young woman from Sri Lanka and a young man from the Democratic Republic of the Congo, each of whom had been recently confirmed.^[9][10]

References

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46. Lizzy Davies in Vatican City (19 March 2013). "Lady Warsi confident Pope Francis will stay out of Falklands row | UK news | guardian.co.uk". London: Guardian. Retrieved 20 March 2013.
47. "Venezuelas Congress Speaker To Lead Delegation In The Popes Inaugurati - Nacional Y Politica" (in Spanish). El Universal. Retrieved 22 March 2013.
48. AFP:Pope receives world leaders in Vatican The Star 20 March 2013
49. "Herman Van Rompuy, President of the European Council Programme" (PDF). Consilium.europa.eu. Retrieved 1 December 2014.
50. "President José Manuel Barroso - Inaugural mass of Pope Francis and ceremony of salutation in Rome". Ec.europa.eu. Retrieved 22 March 2013.
51. "European Parliament President Martin Schulz - Martin Schulz to attend inaugural Mass of Pope Francis". Europarl.europa.eu. Retrieved 22 March 2013.
52. "United Nations News Centre". UN News Service Section. 19 March 2013. Retrieved 1 December 2014.
53. "Inauguration Mass of Pope Francis » Sovereign Order of Malta - Official site". Orderofmalta.int. Retrieved 22 March 2013.
54. Catholic Online. "Orthodox Patriarch Bartholomew to Attend Papal Inaugural Mass - International - Catholic Online". Catholic.org. Retrieved 22 March 2013.
55. "Moscow Patriarchate delegation attended enthronement of Pope Francis of Rome : Department for External Church Relations of the Russian Orthodox Church". Mospat.ru. 22 February 1999. Retrieved 20 March 2013.
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External links

• Inaugural Mass of the Pontificate (Vatican video of Pope Francis' papal inauguration) on YouTube
• Pope Francis inauguration: as it happened