Philippine presidential election

This is a complete list of Philippine Presidential elections since 1935 with the candidates' political party and its corresponding percentage.

This list also includes the election results of the Vice Presidential elections since 1935.

The offices of the president and vice president are elected separately; hence a voter may split one's vote. The candidate with the highest number of votes wins the position.

History

The first presidential election was on September 15, 1935, after the ratification of the 1935 Constitution of the Philippines; Manuel Quezon of the Nacionalista Party emerged as the victor, defeating previous president Emilio Aguinaldo (Aguinaldo was elected president by the Malolos Congress). As a commonwealth then of the United States, the constitution decreed that the president shall have one term of six years without reelection. In 1940, it was amended to allow one reelection, but with the term shortened to four years; this setup was first used in the second election in 1941 with Quezon being reelected.

However, World War II intervened and thus suspended the elections of 1945. The Empire of Japan set up the Second Philippine Republic that elected José P. Laurel as president by the National Assembly in 1943. After the Japanese were defeated, Congress rescheduled the much-delayed election in 1946. Manuel Roxas of the newly formed Liberal Party won the election a few weeks prior to the granting of independence by the United States. In 1949, the first election for the newly independent republic was held with President Elpidio Quirino winning; Quirino succeeded Roxas, who died while in office. Thereafter, elections were held every four years every second Tuesday of November of the election year, with the winning president and vice president inaugurated on December 30 succeeding the election. The alternation between the Nacionalistas and the Liberals characterized an apparent two-party system of the Third Republic.

In 1971, President Ferdinand Marcos declared martial law and ruled by decree. At this time, a new constitution was ratified in 1973 in which the office of the vice president being abolished. and that the president shall be elected by the National Assembly amongst themselves, although once elected, the president will cease to be a member of the National Assembly and any political party (similar to the British Speaker of the House of Commons). With the members of the National Assembly having no term limits, the president may serve indefinitely.

In 1981, via constitutional amendment, the president is again elected via popular vote, with a term of office of six years starting at the thirtieth of June of the year of the election. In the succeeding election on June 16, 1981 (third Monday of June); Marcos was again elected, with much of the opposition boycotting the election. In addition, the amendment also renamed the National Assembly into its Filipino translation as "Batasang Pambansa." In 1984, another amendment reinstated the office of the vice president. The election of the vice president is similar to the United States presidential election, in which a vote for the president is also a vote for the vice president, although this was later changed to a separate vote for each position. Marcos' Kilusang Bagong Lipunan (New Society Movement or KBL) won every presidential election of the Fourth Republic until 1986.

In 1986, Marcos called for an early or "snap" election (the next scheduled election was in 1987) and was, including his running mate Arturo Tolentino, declared the winners. The People Power Revolution erupted that drove Marcos out of power, and Corazon Aquino, the runner-up, assumed the presidency. A new constitution was ratified in 1987 that was essentially identical with the provisions of the amended 1973 constitution as long as the election of the president and vice president is concerned, with the presidential election occurring at the second Monday of May and the inauguration every June 30 of the election year. The 1992 election was the first election under the new constitution and elections are held every six years thereafter. Fidel V. Ramos won the 1992 election with just 23% of the vote, the lowest plurality in history; it also ushered in the multi-party system of the Fifth Republic. Thereafter, no winner has won via a majority, although each has had an increasing percentage of votes with every succeeding election. Joseph Estrada won in 1998 in what was described as landslide, getting just under 40% of the votes, while second place Jose de Venecia getting 16%. President Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo, who succeeded Estrada at the outcome of the 2001 EDSA Revolution, was the first sitting president to run since 2006 and defeated Fernando Poe, Jr. in the closest margin in history. Benigno Aquino III won with 42% of the vote in what was also called as a landslide, defeating Estrada who had 26% of the vote, and seven others. The ruling party since 1986 has not won the presidential election.

Summary

Manner of election		Constitution	Term of service	Reelection	Election day	Inauguration	Elections implemented
President	Vice president
Majority of the members of the Malolos Congress	none	Malolos Constitution	Four years	None	varies	As elected	Malolos Congress
Popular vote	Same as president	1935 Constitution	Six years	No	Second Tuesday of November	Dec 30	1935
Popular vote	Popular vote	1935 Constitution as amended	Four years	Once	Second Tuesday of November	Dec 30	1941, 1946, 1949, 1953, 1957, 1961, 1965, 1969
Majority of the members of the National Assembly	none	1943 Constitution	Six years	No	varies	Dec 30	1943
Majority of the members of the National Assembly	none	1973 Constitution	Six years	Unlimited	varies	"Not be later than three days after his proclamation by the National Assembly, nor in any case earlier than the expiration of the term of his predecessor"	1978
Popular vote	none	1973 Constitution as amended	Six years	Unlimited	Second Tuesday of June	Jun 30	1981
Popular vote	Together with the president	1973 Constitution as amended	Six years	Unlimited	As provided by law	Jun 30	none
Popular vote	Popular vote	1973 Constitution as amended	Six years	Unlimited	As provided by law	Jun 30	1986
Popular vote	Popular vote	1987 Constitution	Six years	No for the incumbent president	Second Monday of May	Jun 30	1992, 1998, 2004, 2010

Regional trends

Regional corridors

Political strategists have divided the country into several "corridors" that replicate or combine administrative regions, which in turn are mostly based from the main ethnic groups. In 1992, prior to the 1992 election, Luis Villafuerte outlined several "corridors" throughout the country, from north to south:^[1]

Corridor		Islands/provinces/regions	Voters as of 2010	%	Map
	Solid North	Ilocandia	3,900,911	7.69%
	Dagupan-Lucena corridor*	Pangasinan, Central Luzon, CALABARZON, Metro Manila	20,144,499	39.71%
	Bicol corridor	Bicol Region	2,857,925	5.63%
	Panay corridor	Western Visayas	2,385,660	4.70%
	Negros corridor	Negros Island	2,265,740	4.47%
	Cebu corridor	Cebu, Bohol and Siquijor	3,207,106	6.32%
	Samar-Leyte corridor	Eastern Visayas	2,431,584	4.79%
	Northern Mindanao corridor	Northern Mindanao and Caraga	3,782,379	7.46%
	Zamboanga Peninsula corridor	Zamboanga Peninsula	1,856,826	3.66%
	Davao corridor	Davao Region	2,555,783	5.04%
	Cotabato corridor	Central Mindanao	2,639,119	5.20%
	Not mentioned by Villafuerte		2,696,201	5.32%

*now the Lingayen-Lucena corridor

Metro Manila as an opposition stronghold

Manila, and by extension, Metro Manila, has voted for the opposition candidate (or the opponent(s) of the incumbent's party) in the election.

Election	Party of incumbent		Winner in Metro Manila		National winner		Opposition won at Metro Manila?
1941		Nacionalista		Nacionalista		Nacionalista	No
1946		Nacionalista		Liberal		Liberal	Yes
1949		Liberal		Nacionalista		Liberal	Yes
1953		Liberal		Nacionalista		Nacionalista	Yes
1957		Nacionalista		Liberal		Nacionalista	Yes
1961		Nacionalista		Liberal		Liberal	Yes
1965		Liberal		Nacionalista		Nacionalista	Yes
1969		Nacionalista		Nacionalista		Nacionalista	No
1981		KBL		KBL		KBL	No
1986		KBL		UNIDO	Disputed; UNIDO candidate assumed presidency.		Yes
1992	Incumbent supported Lakas candidate			PRP		Lakas	Yes
1998		Lakas		LAMMP		LAMMP	Yes
2004		Lakas		KNP		Lakas	Yes
2010		Lakas		Liberal		Liberal	Yes

Bellwether provinces

Since the creation of the province of Basilan, the province has always had the provincial winner be elected President. The national winner has always been the winner in Negros Oriental except in 1961.

Election	National winner	Winner in Basilan	Basilan winner won nationally?	Negros Oriental winner	Negros Oriental winner won nationally?
1935	Manuel L. Quezon	N/A		Manuel L. Quezon	Yes
1941	Manuel L. Quezon			Manuel L. Quezon	Yes
1946	Manuel Roxas			Manuel Roxas	Yes
1949	Elpidio Quirino			Elpidio Quirino	Yes
1953	Ramon Magsaysay			Ramon Magsaysay	Yes
1957	Carlos P. Garcia			Carlos P. Garcia	Yes
1961	Diosdado Macapagal			Carlos P. Garcia	No
1965	Ferdinand Marcos			Ferdinand Marcos	Yes
1969	Ferdinand Marcos			Ferdinand Marcos	Yes
1981	Ferdinand Marcos	Ferdinand Marcos	Yes	Ferdinand Marcos	Yes
1986	Corazon Aquino assumed presidency	Corazon Aquino	Yes	Corazon Aquino	Yes
1992	Fidel V. Ramos	Fidel V. Ramos	Yes	Fidel V. Ramos	Yes
1998	Joseph Estrada	Joseph Estrada	Yes	Joseph Estrada	Yes
2004	Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo	Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo	Yes	Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo	Yes
2010	Benigno Aquino III	Benigno Aquino III	Yes	Benigno Aquino III	Yes

Home province as a stronghold

Candidates usually win their home provinces. and by extension, region, except when the province has two or more candidates as residents.

President

Bolded name indicates the national winner.

Election	Candidate	Home province of the candidate	Winner at the home province	Candidate won at home province?
1935	Manuel L. Quezon	Tayabas	Manuel L. Quezon	Yes
	Emilio Aguinaldo	Cavite	Emilio Aguinaldo	Yes
	Gregorio Aglipay	Ilocos Norte	Gregorio Aglipay	Yes
1941	Manuel L. Quezon	Tayabas	Manuel L. Quezon	Yes
	Juan Sumulong	Rizal	Manuel L. Quezon	No
1946	Manuel Roxas	Capiz	Manuel Roxas	Yes
	Sergio Osmeña	Cebu	Sergio Osmeña	Yes
1949	Elpidio Quirino	Ilocos Sur	Elpidio Quirino	Yes
	Jose Paciano Laurel	Batangas	Jose Paciano Laurel	Yes
	Jose Avelino	Samar	Jose Avelino	Yes
1953	Ramon Magsaysay	Zambales	Ramon Magsaysay	Yes
	Elpidio Quirino	Ilocos Sur	Elpidio Quirino	Yes
1957	Carlos P. Garcia	Bohol	Carlos P. Garcia	Yes
	Jose Yulo	Negros Occidental	Carlos P. Garcia	No
	Manuel Manahan	La Union	Jose Yulo	No
	Claro M. Recto	Quezon	Claro M. Recto	Yes
1961	Diosdado Macapagal	Pampanga	Diosdado Macapagal	Yes
	Carlos P. Garcia	Bohol	Carlos P. Garcia	Yes
1965	Ferdinand Marcos	Ilocos Norte	Ferdinand Marcos	Yes
	Diosdado Macapagal	Pampanga	Diosdado Macapagal	Yes
1969	Ferdinand Marcos	Ilocos Norte	Ferdinand Marcos	Yes
	Sergio Osmeña, Jr.	Cebu	Ferdinand Marcos	No
1981	Ferdinand Marcos	Ilocos Norte	Ferdinand Marcos	Yes
	Alejo Santos	Bulacan	Ferdinand Marcos	No
1986	Corazon Aquino	Tarlac	Corazon Aquino	Yes
	Ferdinand Marcos	Ilocos Norte	Ferdinand Marcos	Yes
1992	Fidel V. Ramos	Pangasinan	Fidel V. Ramos	Yes
	Miriam Defensor-Santiago	Iloilo	Miriam Defensor-Santiago	Yes
	Eduardo Cojuangco, Jr.	Tarlac	Eduardo Cojuangco, Jr.	Yes
	Ramon Mitra, Jr.	Palawan	Ramon Mitra, Jr.	Yes
	Imelda Marcos	Leyte	Imelda Marcos	Yes
	Jovito Salonga	Rizal	Miriam Defensor-Santiago	No
	Salvador Laurel	Batangas	Salvador Laurel	Yes
1998	Joseph Estrada	San Juan	Joseph Estrada	Yes
	Jose de Venecia, Jr.	Pangasinan	Jose de Venecia, Jr.	Yes
	Raul Roco	Camarines Sur	Raul Roco	Yes
	Emilio Osmeña	Cebu	Emilio Osmeña	Yes
	Alfredo Lim	Manila	Joseph Estrada	No
	Renato de Villa	Batangas	Renato de Villa	Yes
	Miriam Defensor-Santiago	Iloilo	Miriam Defensor-Santiago	Yes
	Juan Ponce Enrile	Cagayan	Juan Ponce Enrile	Yes
2004	Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo	Pampanga	Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo	Yes
	Fernando Poe, Jr.	Manila	Fernando Poe, Jr.	Yes
	Panfilo Lacson	Cavite	Panfilo Lacson	Yes
	Raul Roco	Camarines Sur	Raul Roco	Yes
	Eddie Villanueva	Bulacan	Fernando Poe, Jr.	No
2010	Benigno Aquino III	Tarlac	Benigno Aquino III	Yes
	Joseph Estrada	San Juan	Benigno Aquino III	No
	Manny Villar	Las Piñas City	Manny Villar	Yes
	Gilberto Teodoro	Tarlac	Benigno Aquino III	No
	Eddie Villanueva	Bulacan	Benigno Aquino III	No
2016	Jejomar Binay	Makati	TBD	TBD
	Miriam Defensor-Santiago	Iloilo	TBD	TBD
	Rodrigo Duterte	Davao City	TBD	TBD
	Grace Poe	Quezon City	TBD	TBD
	Mar Roxas	Capiz	TBD	TBD

Vice-President

Election	Home province of the national winner	Winner at the home province of the national winner	National winner	National winner won at home province?
1935	Cebu	Sergio Osmeña	Sergio Osmeña	Yes
1941	Cebu	Sergio Osmeña	Sergio Osmeña	Yes
1946	Ilocos Sur	Elpidio Quirino	Elpidio Quirino	Yes
1949	Iloilo	Fernando Lopez	Fernando Lopez	Yes
1953	Bohol	Carlos P. Garcia	Carlos P. Garcia	Yes
1957	Pampanga	Diosdado Macapagal	Diosdado Macapagal	Yes
1961	Misamis Oriental	Gil Puyat	Emmanuel Pelaez	No
1965	Iloilo	Fernando Lopez	Fernando Lopez	Yes
1969	Iloilo	Fernando Lopez	Fernando Lopez	Yes
1986	Batangas	Salvador Laurel	Salvador Laurel	Yes
1992	San Juan	Joseph Estrada	Joseph Estrada	Yes
1998	Pampanga	Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo	Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo	Yes
2004	Oriental Mindoro	Noli de Castro	Noli de Castro	Yes
2010	Makati City	Jejomar Binay	Jejomar Binay	Yes

Results summary

Year	President elect			Losing candidates*
	Candidate	Votes	%	Candidate	Votes	%	Candidate(s)	Votes	%
1935	Manuel L. Quezon	695,332	67.99%	Emilio Aguinaldo	179,349	17.54%	Gregorio Aglipay	148,010	14.47%
1941	Manuel L. Quezon	812,352	86.91%	Juan Sumulong	70,899	7.58%
1946	Manuel Roxas	1,333,392	55.78%	Sergio Osmeña	1,051,243	43.98%
1949	Elpidio Quirino	1,803,808	50.93%	José P. Laurel	1,318,330	37.22%	José Avelino	419,890	11.85%
1953	Ramon Magsaysay	2,912,992	68.90%	Elpidio Quirino	1,313,991	31.08%
1957	Carlos P. Garcia	2,072,257	41.28%	José Yulo	1,386,829	27.62%	Manuel Manahan	1,049,420	20.90%
1961	Diosdado Macapagal	3,554,840	55.05%	Carlos P. Garcia	2,902,996	44.95%
1965	Ferdinand Marcos	3,861,324	51.94%	Diosdado Macapagal	3,187,752	42.88%	Raul Manglapus	384,564	5.17%
1969	Ferdinand Marcos	5,017,343	61.47%	Sergio Osmeña, Jr.	3,143,122	38.51%
1981	Ferdinand Marcos	18,309,360	88.02%	Alejo Santos	1,716,449	8.25%
1986	Ferdinand Marcos	10,807,197	53.62%	Corazon Aquino	9,291,761	46.10%
1992	Fidel V. Ramos	5,342,521	23.58%	Miriam Defensor Santiago	4,468,173	19.72%	Eduardo Cojuangco, Jr. Ramon Mitra, Jr. Imelda Marcos Jovito Salonga	4,116,376 3,316,661 2,338,294 2,302,124	18.17% 14.64% 10.32% 10.16%
1998	Joseph Estrada	10,722,295	39.86%	Jose de Venecia	4,258,483	15.87%
2004	Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo	12,905,808	39.99%	Fernando Poe, Jr.	11,782,232	36.51%	Panfilo Lacson Raul Roco Eddie Villanueva	3,510,080 2,082,762 1,988,218	10.88% 6.45% 6.16%
2010	Benigno Aquino III	15,208,678	42.08%	Joseph Estrada	9,487,837	26.25%	Manny Villar Gilbert Teodoro	5,573,835 4,095,839	15.42% 11.33%

*only candidates from third parties whose votes surpassed the margin between the winner and the best loser are included.

Graphical

Year	Result	Valid votes	Turnout
1935	68% 18% 14%	99%	N/A
1941	82% 18%	N/A	N/A
1946	55% 46%	90%	95%
1949	51% 37% 12%	99%	70%
1953	69% 31%	98%	77%
1957	41% 28% 21% 9%	98%	76%
1961	55% 45%	96%	79%
1965	52% 43% 5%	98%	76%
1969	61% 39%	98%	80%
1981	88% 8%	95%	81%
1986	54% 46%	97%	79%
1992	24% 20% 18% 15% 10% 10%	93%	76%
1998	40% 16% 14% 12% 9%	92%	87%
2004	40% 37% 11% 6% 6%	96%	76%
2010	42% 26% 15% 11%	95%	74%

Results by popular vote margin

For president

Year	Winner	% of vote	% margin	Votes	Vote margin	Second place
2004	Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo	39.99%	3.48%	12,905,808	1,123,576	Fernando Poe, Jr.
1992	Fidel V. Ramos	23.58%	3.86%	5,342,521	874,348	Miriam Defensor Santiago
1986	Ferdinand Marcos	53.62%	7.52%	10,807,197	1,515,436	Corazon Aquino
1965	Ferdinand Marcos	51.94%	9.06%	3,861,324	673,572	Diosdado Macapagal
1961	Diosdado Macapagal	55.05%	10.10%	3,554,840	651,844	Carlos P. Garcia
1946	Manuel Roxas	55.78%	11.80%	1,333,392	282,149	Sergio Osmeña
1957	Carlos P. Garcia	41.28%	13.66%	2,072,257	685,428	José Yulo
1949	Elpidio Quirino	50.93%	13.71%	1,803,808	485,478	José P. Laurel
2010	Benigno Aquino III	42.08%	15.83%	15,208,678	5,720,841	Joseph Estrada
1969	Ferdinand Marcos	61.47%	22.96%	5,017,343	1,874,221	Sergio Osmeña, Jr.
1998	Joseph Estrada	39.86%	23.99%	10,722,295	6,463,812	Jose de Venecia
1953	Ramon Magsaysay	68.90%	37.82%	2,912,992	1,599,001	Elpidio Quirino
1935	Manuel L. Quezon	67.99%	50.45%	695,332	515,983	Emilio Aguinaldo
1941	Manuel L. Quezon	86.91%	79.33%	812,352	741,453	Juan Sumulong
1981	Ferdinand Marcos	88.02%	79.77%	18,309,360	16,592,911	Alejo Santos

For vice president

Year	Winner	% of vote	% margin	Votes	Vote margin	Second place
1965	Fernando Lopez	48.48%	0.37%	3,531,550	26,724	Gerardo Roxas
2010	Jejomar Binay	41.65%	2.07%	14,645,574	727,084	Mar Roxas
2004	Noli de Castro	49.80%	2.91%	15,100,431	881,722	Loren Legarda
1961	Emmanuel Pelaez	37.57%	3.20%	2,394,400	203,976	Sergio Osmeña, Jr.
1986	Arturo Tolentino	50.65%	4.80%	10,134,130	961,025	Salvador Laurel
1946	Elpidio Quirino	52.36%	4.98%	1,161,725	110,482	Eulogio Rodriguez
1949	Fernando Lopez	52.19%	6.11%	1,341,284	157,069	Manuel Briones
1957	Diosdado Macapagal	46.55%	8.64%	2,189,197	406,185	José Laurel, Jr.
1992	Joseph Estrada	33.00%	11.27%	6,739,738	2,301,244	Marcelo Fernan
1969	Fernando Lopez	62.76%	25.51%	5,001,737	2,033,211	Genaro Magsaysay
1953	Carlos P. Garcia	62.90%	25.79%	2,515,265	1,031,463	José Yulo
1998	Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo	49.56%	27.45%	12,667,252	7,015,184	Edgardo Angara
1935	Sergio Osmeña	86.91%	82.86%	812,352	741,453	Raymundo Melliza
1941	Sergio Osmeña	92.10%	84.20%	1,445,897	1,321,862	Emilio Javier

Results per election

1935

For President  Summary of the September 16, 1935 Philippine presidential election results Candidates Parties Votes % Manuel L. Quezon Nacionalista Party (Nationalist Party) 695,332 67.99% Emilio Aguinaldo National Socialist Party 179,349 17.54% Gregorio Aglipay Republican Party 148,010 14.47% Pascual Racuyal Independent 158 0.00% Total 1,021,445 100% Valid votes 1,021,445 ~98.89% Votes cast 1,022,547 ~63.91% Registered voters ~1,600,000 100.00%

For Vice President  Summary of the September 16, 1935 Philippine vice presidential election results Candidates Parties Votes % Sergio Osmeña Nacionalista Party (Nationalist Party) 812,352 86.93% Raymundo Melliza National Socialist Party 70,899 7.59% Norberto Nabong Republican Party 51,443 5.50% Total 934,128 100% Valid votes 934,128 ~91.5% Invalid votes 87,317 ~8.5% Votes cast 1,022,547 ~63.91% Registered voters ~1,600,000 100.00%

1941

For President  Summary of the November 11, 1941 Philippine presidential election results Candidates Parties Votes % Manuel L. Quezon Nacionalista Party (Nationalist Party) 1,340,320 81.78% Juan Sumulong Popular Front 298,608 18.22% Hilario Moncado Modernist Party Total 1,638,928 100%

For Vice President  Summary of the November 11, 1941 Philippine vice presidential election results Candidate Party Results Votes % Sergio Osmeña Nacionalista 1,445,897 92.10% Emilio Javier Popular Front 124,035 7.90% Totals 1,569,932 100.00%

1946

For President  Summary of the April 23, 1946 Philippine presidential election results Candidates Parties Votes % Manuel Roxas Liberal wing of the Nacionalista Party (Liberal wing of the Nationalist Party) 1,333,392 53.94% Sergio Osmeña Nacionalista Party (Nationalist Party) 1,129,996 45.71% Hilario Moncado Modernist Party 8,538 0.35% Total 2,471,926 100% Valid votes 2,471,926 85.3% Invalid votes 125,342 4.3% Votes cast 2,596,880 89.6% Registered voters 2,898,604

For Vice President  Summary of the April 23, 1946 Philippine vice presidential election results Candidate Party Results Votes % Elpidio Quirino Nacionalista (Liberal wing) 1,161,725 52.36% Eulogio Rodriguez Nacionalista 1,051,243 47.38% Luis Salvador Modernist 5,879 0.26% Valid votes 2,218,847 85.4% Invalid votes 378,033 14.6% Votes cast 2,596,880 95.2% Registered voters 2,898,604 100.0%

1949

For President  Summary of the November 8, 1949 Philippine presidential election results Candidates Parties Votes % Elpidio Quirino Quirino wing of the Liberal Party 1,803,808 50.93% José P. Laurel Nacionalista Party (Nationalist Party) 1,318,330 37.22% José Avelino Avelino wing of the Liberal Party 419,890 11.85% Total 3,542,028 100% Valid votes 3,542,028 98.9% Invalid votes 37,899 1.1% Votes cast 3,579,917 69.7% Registered voters 5,135,814

For Vice President  Summary of the November 8, 1949 Philippine vice presidential election results Candidate Party Results Votes % Fernando López Liberal (Quirino Wing) 1,341,284 52.19% Manuel Briones Nacionalista 1,184,215 46.08% Vicente J. Francisco Liberal (Avelino Wing) 44,510 1.73% Valid votes 3,370,067 94.1% Invalid votes 209,850 5.9% Votes cast 3,579,917 69.7% Registered voters 5,135,814 100.0%

1953

For President  Summary of the November 10, 1953 Philippine presidential election results Candidates Parties Votes % Ramon Magsaysay Nacionalista Party (Nationalist Party) 2,912,992 68.90% Elpidio Quirino Liberal Party 1,313,991 31.08% Gaudencio Bueno Independent 736 0.02% Total 4,227,719 100% Valid votes 4,227,719 97.7% Invalid votes 98,987 2.3% Votes cast 4,326,706 77.2% Totals 5,603,231

For Vice President  Summary of the November 10, 1953 Philippine vice presidential election results Candidate Party Results Votes % Carlos P. Garcia Nacionalista 2,515,265 62.90% José Yulo Liberal 1,483,802 37.10% Valid votes 3,999,067 92.4% Invalid votes 327,639 7.6% Votes cast 4,326,706 77.2% Totals 5,603,231 100.00%

1957

For President  Summary of the November 12, 1957 Philippine presidential election results Candidates Parties Votes % Carlos P. Garcia Nacionalista Party (Nationalist Party) 2,072,257 41.28% José Yulo Liberal Party 1,386,829 27.62% Manuel Manahan Progressive Party 1,049,420 20.90% Claro M. Recto Nationalist Citizens' Party 429,226 8.55% Antonio Quirino Quirino wing of the Liberal Party 60,328 1.20% Valentin de los Santos Lapiang Malaya (Freedom Movement) 21,674 0.43% Alfredo Abcede Federal Party 470 0.01% Total 5,020,204 100% Valid votes 5,020,204 98.3% Invalid votes 87,908 1.7% Votes cast 5,108,112 75.5% Registered voters 6,763,897

For Vice President  Summary of the November 12, 1957 Philippine vice presidential election results Candidate Party Results Votes % Diosdado Macapagal Liberal 2,189,197 46.55% José Laurel, Jr. Nacionalista 1,783,012 37.91% Vicente Araneta Progressive 375,090 7.97% Lorenzo Tañada NCP 344,685 7.32% Restituto Fresto Lapiang Malaya 10,494 0.22% Valid votes 4,702,478 92.1% Invalid votes 405,634 7.9% Votes cast 5,108,112 75.5% Registered voters 6,763,897 100.00%

1961

For President  Summary of the November 14, 1961 Philippine presidential election results Candidates Parties Votes % Diosdado Macapagal Liberal Party 3,554,840 55.05% Carlos P. Garcia Nacionalista Party (Nationalist Party) 2,902,996 44.95% Alfredo Abcede Federal Party 8 0.00% German P. Villanueva Independent 2 Gregorio L. Llanza Independent 2 Praxedes Floro Independent 0 Total 6,457,817 100% Valid votes 6,457,817 95.8% Invalid votes 280,988 4.2% Votes cast 6,738,805 79.4% Registered voters 8,483,568

For Vice President  Summary of the November 14, 1961 Philippine vice presidential election results Candidate Party Results Votes % Emmanuel Pelaez Liberal 2,394,400 37.57% Sergio Osmeña, Jr. Independent 2,190,424 34.37% Gil Puyat Nacionalista 1,787,987 28.06% Chencay Reyes Juta Dominion Status Party 2 0.00% Valid votes 6,732,813 94.6% Invalid votes 365,992 5.4% Votes cast 6,738,805 79.4% Registered voters 8,483,568 100.00%

1965

For President  Summary of the November 9, 1965 Philippine presidential election results Candidates Parties Votes % Ferdinand Marcos Nacionalista Party (Nationalist Party) 3,861,324 51.94% Diosdado Macapagal Liberal Party 3,187,752 42.88% Raul Manglapus Party for Philippine Progress 384,564 5.17% Gaudencio Bueno New Leaf Party 199 0.01% Aniceto A. Hidalgo New Leaf Party 156 Segundo B. Baldovi Partido ng Bansa (Party of the Nation) 139 Nic V. Garces People's Progressive Democratic Party 130 German F. Villanueva Independent 106 Guillermo M. Mercado Labor Party 27 Antonio Nicolas Jr. Allied Party 27 Blandino P. Ruan Philippine Pro-Socialist Party 6 Praxedes Floro Independent 1 Total 7,434,431 100% Valid votes 7,434,431 97.7% Invalid votes 175,620 2.3% Votes cast 7,610,051 76.4% Registered voters 9,962,345

For Vice President  Summary of the November 9, 1965 Philippine vice presidential election results Candidate Party Results Votes % Fernando López Nacionalista 3,531,550 48.48% Gerardo Roxas Liberal 3,504,826 48.11% Manuel Manahan Progressive 247,426 3.40% Gonzalo D. Vasquez RPP 644 0.01% Severo Capales NLP 193 0.01% Eleodoro Salvador Partido ng Bansa 172 Valid votes 7,284,811 95.7% Invalid votes 325,240 4.3% Votes cast 7,610,051 76.4% Registered voters 9,962,345 100.00%

1969

For President  Summary of the November 11, 1969 Philippine presidential election results Candidates Parties Votes % Ferdinand Marcos Nacionalista Party (Nationalist Party) 5,017,343 61.47% Sergio Osmeña, Jr. Liberal Party 3,143,122 38.51% Pascual Racuyal Independent 778 0.01% Segundo Baldovi Partido ng Bansa (Party of the Nation) 177 0.01% Pantaleon Panelo Independent 123 German Villanueva Independent 82 Gaudencio Bueno New Leaf Party 44 Angel Comagon Independent 35 Cesar Bulacan Independent 31 Espiridion Buencamino NP 23 Nic Garces Philippine Pro-Socialist Party 23 Benilo Jose Independent 23 Total 8,061,804 100% Valid votes 8,061,804 98.3% Invalid votes 140,989 1.7% Votes cast 8,202,793 79.6% Registered voters 10,300,793

For Vice President  Summary of the November 11, 1969 Philippine vice presidential election results Candidate Party Results Votes % Fernando López Nacionalista 5,001,737 62.75% Genaro Magsaysay Liberal 2,968,526 37.24% Victoriano Mallari Partido ng Bansa 229 0.00% Modesto T. Jalandoni Philippine Pro-Socialist 161 Valid votes 7,790,653 97.2% Invalid votes 232,140 2.8% Votes cast 8,202,793 79.6% Registered voters 10,300,793 100.00%

1981 (Presidential only)

 Summary of the June 16, 1981 Philippine presidential election results

Candidates		Parties	Votes	%
	Ferdinand Marcos	Kilusang Bagong Lipunan (New Society Movement)	18,309,360	88.02%
	Alejo Santos	Roy wing of the Nacionalista Party (Nationalist Party)	1,716,449	8.25%
	Bartolome Cabangbang	Federalist Party	749,845	3.60%
	Delfin Manapaz	Independent	6,499	0.03%
	Ursula Dajao	Independent	4,955	0.02%
	Benito Valdez	Independent	4,224	0.02%
	Lope Rimando	Independent	1,954	0.01%
	Lucio Hinigpit	Sovereign Citizen Party	1,945	0.01%
	Pacifico Morelos	Independent	1,740	0.01%
	Jose Igtobay	Independent	1,421	0.01%
	Simeon del Rosario	Independent	1,234	0.01%
	Salvador Enage	Independent	1,185	0.01%
	Florencio Tipano	Independent	592	0.00%
Total			20,801,403	100%
Valid votes			20,801,403	95.2%
Invalid votes			1,042,426	4.8%
Votes cast			21,843,829	80.9%
Registered voters			26,986,451	100.00%

1986

For President  Summary of the February 7, 1986 Philippine presidential election results Candidates Parties Votes % Ferdinand Marcos Kilusang Bagong Lipunan (New Society Movement) 10,807,197 53.62% Corazon Aquino United Nationalist Democratic Organization 9,291,716 46.10% Reuben Canoy Social Democratic Party 34,041 0.17% Narciso Padilla Movement for Truth, Order and Righteousness 23,652 0.12% Total 20,156,606 100% Valid votes 20,156,606 97.3% Invalid votes 559,469 2.7% Votes cast 20,716,075 78.8% Registered voters 26,278,744 Source: Annex XXXVIII of the report by the International Observer Delegation

For Vice President  Summary of the February 7, 1986 Philippine vice presidential election results (Source: Annex XXXVIII of the report by the International Observer Delegation) Candidate Party Results Votes % Arturo Tolentino KBL 10,134,130 50.65% Salvador Laurel UNIDO 9,173,105 45.85% Eva Estrada-Kalaw Liberal (Kalaw Wing) 662,185 3.31% Roger Arienda Movement for Truth, Order and Righteousness 35,974 0.18% Totals 20,053,394 100.00%

1992

For President  Summary of the May 11, 1992 Philippine presidential election results Candidates Parties Votes % Fidel V. Ramos Lakas–NUCD (People Power–National Union of Christian Democrats) 5,342,521 23.58% Miriam Defensor-Santiago People's Reform Party 4,468,173 19.72% Eduardo Cojuangco, Jr. Nationalist People's Coalition 4,116,376 18.17% Ramon Mitra, Jr. Laban ng Demokratikong Pilipino (Struggle of Democratic Filipinos) 3,316,661 14.64% Imelda Marcos Kilusang Bagong Lipunan (New Society Movement) 2,338,294 10.32% Jovito Salonga Liberal Party 2,302,123 10.16% Salvador Laurel Nacionalista Party (Nationalist Party) 770,046 3.40% Total 22,654,195 100% Valid votes 22,654,195 93.4% Invalid votes 1,600,759 6.6% Votes cast 24,254,954 75.5% Registered voters 32,141,079

For Vice President  Summary of the May 11, 1992 Philippine vice presidential election results Candidate Party Results Votes % Joseph Estrada NPC 6,739,738 33.00% Marcelo Fernan LDP 4,438,494 21.74% Emilio Osmeña Lakas 3,362,467 16.47% Ramon Magsaysay, Jr. PRP 2,900,556 14.20% Aquilino Pimentel, Jr. PDP-Laban 2,023,289 9.91% Vicente Magsaysay KBL 699,895 3.43% Eva Estrada-Kalaw Nacionalista 255,730 1.25% Valid votes 20,420,169 84.2% Invalid votes 3,834,785 15.8% Votes cast 24,254,954 75.5% Registered voters 32,141,079 100.0%

1998

For President  Summary of the May 11, 1998 Philippine presidential election results Candidates Parties Votes % Joseph Estrada Pwersa ng Masang Pilipino (Force of the Filipino Masses) 10,722,295 39.86% Jose de Venecia Lakas–NUCD–UMDP (People Power–National Union of Christian Democrats–Union of Muslim Democrats of the Philippines) 4,268,483 15.87% Raul Roco Aksyon Demokratiko (Democratic Action) 3,720,212 13.83% Emilio Osmeña Probinsya Muna Development Initiative (Provinces First Development Initiative) 3,347,631 12.44% Alfredo Lim Liberal Party 2,344,362 8.71% Renato de Villa Partido para sa Demokratikong Reporma–Lapiang Manggagawa (Party for Democratic Reforms–Workers' Party) 1,308,352 4.86% Miriam Defensor Santiago People's Reform Party 797,206 2.96% Juan Ponce Enrile Independent 343,139 1.28% Santiago Dumlao Kilusan para sa Pambansang Pagpapanibago (Movement for National Change) 32,212 0.12% Manuel Morato Partido Bansang Marangal (Party of Noble Nation) 18,644 0.07% Total 26,902,536 100% Valid votes 26,902,536 91.9% Invalid votes 2,383,239 8.1% Votes cast 29,285,775 86.5% Registered voters 33,873,665

For Vice President  Summary of the May 11, 1998 Philippine vice presidential election results Candidate Party Results Votes % Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo Lakas 12,667,252 49.56% Edgardo Angara LDP 5,652,068 22.11% Oscar Orbos Reporma-LM 3,321,779 13.00% Sergio Osmeña III Liberal 2,351,462 9.20% Francisco Tatad PRP/Gabay Bayan 745,389 2.92% Ismael Sueño PROMDI 537,677 2.10% Irene Santiago Aksyon 240,210 0.94% Camilo Sabio Partido Bansang Marangal 22,010 0.09% Reynaldo Pacheco Kilusan para sa Pambansang Pagpapanibago 21,422 0.08% Valid votes 25,539,269 87.3% Invalid votes 3,726,506 12.7% Votes cast 29,285,775 86.5% Registered voters 33,873,665 100.00%

2004

For President  Summary of the May 10, 2004 Philippine presidential election results Candidates Parties Votes % Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo Lakas–Christian Muslim Democrats (People Power–Christian Muslim Democrats) 12,905,808 39.99% Fernando Poe, Jr. Koalisyon ng Nagkakaisang Pilipino (Coalition of United Filipinos) 11,782,232 36.51% Panfilo Lacson Aquino wing of the Laban ng Demokratikong Pilipino (Struggle of Democratic Filipinos) 3,510,080 10.88% Raul Roco Aksyon Demokratiko (Democratic Action) 2,082,762 6.45% Eddie Villanueva Bangon Pilipinas Party (Rise Up Philippines Party) 1,988,218 6.16% Total 32,269,100 100% Valid votes 32,269,100 96.30% Invalid votes 1,240,992 3.70% Votes cast 33,510,092 76.34% Registered voters 43.895,324

For Vice President  Summary of the May 10, 2004 Philippine vice presidential election results Candidate Party Results Votes % Noli de Castro Independent (allied with Lakas) 15,100,431 49.80% Loren Legarda KNP 14,218,709 46.90% Herminio Aquino Aksyon 981,500 3.24% Rodolfo Pajo Isang Bansa, Isang Diwa 22,244 0.06% Total valid votes 30,322,884 90.49% Total invalid votes 3,187,208 9.51% Total turnout 33,510,092 76.34% Registered voters 43.895,324 100.00%

2010

For President  Summary of the May 10, 2010 Philippine presidential election results Candidates Parties Votes % Benigno Aquino III Liberal Party 15,208,678 42.08% Joseph Estrada Pwersa ng Masang Pilipino (Force of the Filipino Masses) 9,487,837 26.25% Manny Villar Nacionalista Party (Nationalist Party) 5,573,835 15.42% Gilberto Teodoro Lakas Kampi CMD (People Power–Partner of Free Filipinos–Christian Muslim Democrats) 4,095,839 11.33% Eddie Villanueva Bangon Pilipinas Party (Rise Up Philippines) 1,125,878 3.12% Richard Gordon Bagumbayan-VNP (New Nation–Volunteers for a New Philippines) 501,727 1.39% Nicanor Perlas Independent 54,575 0.15% Jamby Madrigal Independent 46,489 0.13% John Carlos de los Reyes Ang Kapatiran (Alliance for the Common Good) 44,244 0.12% Total 36,139,102 100% Valid votes 36,139,102 94.73% Vetallano Acosta[p 1] Kilusang Bagong Lipunan (New Society Movement) 181,985 0.48% Invalid votes 2,010,269 5.27% Votes cast 38,149,371 74.34% Registered voters 51,292,465 Disqualified after the ballots were printed. All of his votes are considered spoiled

For Vice President  Summary of the May 10, 2010 Philippine vice presidential election results Candidate Party Results Votes % Jejomar Binay PDP-Laban[v 1] 14,645,574 41.65% Mar Roxas Liberal 13,918,490 39.58% Loren Legarda NPC[v 2] 4,294,664 12.21% Bayani Fernando Bagumbayan-VNP 1,017,631 2.89% Edu Manzano Lakas-Kampi 807,728 2.30% Perfecto Yasay Bangon Pilipinas 364,652 1.04% Jay Sonza KBL 64,230 0.18% Dominador Chipeco, Jr. Ang Kapatiran 52,562 0.15% Total valid votes 35,165,555 92.18% Total invalid votes 2,983,816 7.82% Total turnout 38,149,371 74.38% Registered voters 51,292,555 100.00% Binay is Joseph Estrada's (PMP) guest candidate for vice president. Legarda is Manny Villar's (Nacionalista) guest candidate for vice president.

References

1. Felipe B. Miranda and Alex Magno (co-discussants) (1992-02-21). "Strategies and Statistics: The Presidential Battle for Ballots". University of the Philippines Diliman.