Quisqualic acid
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| Names | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| IUPAC names
(2S)-2-amino-3-(3,5-dioxo-1,2,4- oxadiazolidin-2-yl)propanoic acid | |||
| Identifiers | |||
52809-07-1  | |||
| ChEMBL | ChEMBL279956  | ||
| ChemSpider | 37038 | ||
| DrugBank | DB02999 | ||
| 1372 1370 | |||
| Jmol interactive 3D | Image | ||
| KEGG | C08296 | ||
| MeSH | Quisqualic+Acid | ||
| PubChem | 40539 | ||
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| Properties | |||
| C5H7N3O5 | |||
| Molar mass | 189.126 g/mol | ||
| Melting point | 187 to 188 °C (369 to 370 °F; 460 to 461 K) decomposes | ||
| Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). | |||
| verify (what is ?) | |||
| Infobox references | |||
Quisqualic acid is an agonist of the AMPA, kainate, and group I metabotropic glutamate receptors, and one of the most potent AMPA receptor agonists known.[1][2][3][4] It causes excitotoxicity and is used in neuroscience to selectively destroy neurons in the brain or spinal cord.[5][6][7] Quisqualic acid occurs naturally in the seeds of Quisqualis species.[α] 20D = +17 (6M HCl)
Research conducted by the USDA Agricultural Research Service, has demonstrated quisqualic acid is also present within the flower petals of zonal geranium (Pelargonium x hortorum) and is responsible for causing rigid paralysis of the Japanese beetle.[8][9] Quisqualic acid is thought to mimic L-glutamic acid, which is a neurotransmitter in the insect neuromuscular junction and mammalian central nervous system.[10]
See also
References
- ↑ Jin R, Horning M, Mayer ML, Gouaux E. Mechanism of activation and selectivity in a ligand-gated ion channel: structural and functional studies of GluR2 and quisqualate. Biochemistry. 2002 Dec 31;41(52):15635-43. PMID 12501192
- ↑ Kuang D, Hampson DR. Ion dependence of ligand binding to metabotropic glutamate receptors. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications. 2006 Jun 23;345(1):1-6. PMID 16674916
- ↑ Zhang W, Robert A, Vogensen SB, Howe JR. The relationship between agonist potency and AMPA receptor kinetics. Biophysical Journal. 2006 Aug 15;91(4):1336-46. PMID 16731549
- ↑ Bentham Science Publishers (August 1996). Current Pharmaceutical Design. Bentham Science Publishers. pp. 399–.
- ↑ Muir JL, Page KJ, Sirinathsinghji DJ, Robbins TW, Everitt BJ. Excitotoxic lesions of basal forebrain cholinergic neurons: effects on learning, memory and attention. Behavioural Brain Research. 1993 Nov 30;57(2):123-31. PMID 7509608
- ↑ Giovannelli L, Casamenti F, Pepeu G. C-fos expression in the rat nucleus basalis upon excitotoxic lesion with quisqualic acid: a study in adult and aged animals. Journal of Neural Transmission. 1998;105(8-9):935-48. PMID 9869327
- ↑ Lee JW, Furmanski O, Castellanos DA, Daniels LA, Hama AT, Sagen J. Prolonged nociceptive responses to hind paw formalin injection in rats with a spinal cord injury. Neuroscience Letters. 2008 Jul 11;439(2):212-5. PMID 18524486
- ↑ Geraniums and Begonias: New Research on Old Garden Favorites (the March 2010 issue of Agricultural Research magazine.)
- ↑ Ranger, C.M., Winter, R. E., Singh, A. P., Reding, M. E., Frantz, J. M., Locke, J. C., and Krause, C. R. 2011. Rare excitatory amino acid from flowers of zonal geranium responsible for paralyzing the Japanese beetle. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. http://www.pnas.org/content/early/2010/12/29/1013497108.full.pdf+html
- ↑ Usherwood, P. N. R. 1994. Insect glutamate receptors. Advances in Insect Biochemistry and Physiology. 24: 309-341.