Super Bowl VIII

Super Bowl VIII
Minnesota Vikings
(NFC)		 Miami Dolphins
(AFC)
7 24
1234 Total
MIN 0007 7
MIA 14370 24
Date January 13, 1974 (1974-01-13)
Stadium Rice Stadium, Houston, Texas
MVP Larry Csonka, Fullback
Favorite Dolphins by 6.5[1][2]
Referee Ben Dreith
Attendance 71,882[3]
Future Hall of Famers
Dolphins: Don Shula (coach), Nick Buoniconti, Larry Csonka, Bob Griese, Jim Langer, Larry Little, Paul Warfield.
Vikings: Bud Grant (coach), Carl Eller, Paul Krause, Alan Page, Fran Tarkenton, Mick Tingelhoff, Ron Yary.
Ceremonies
National anthem Charley Pride
Coin toss Ben Dreith
Halftime show The University of Texas Longhorn Band, The Westchester Wranglerettes
TV in the United States
Network CBS
Announcers Ray Scott, Pat Summerall and Bart Starr
Nielsen ratings 41.6
(est. 51.7 million viewers)[4]
Market share 73
Cost of 30-second commercial $103,000

Super Bowl VIII was an American football game between the National Football Conference (NFC) champion Minnesota Vikings and the American Football Conference (AFC) champion Miami Dolphins to decide the National Football League (NFL) champion for the 1973 season. The Dolphins defeated the Vikings by the score of 24–7 to win their second consecutive Super Bowl, the first team to do so since the Green Bay Packers in Super Bowls I and II, and the first AFC team to do so.

The game was played on January 13, 1974 at Rice Stadium in Houston, Texas. This was the first time the Super Bowl site was not that of an NFL franchise.[5] This was also the first Super Bowl not to be held in either the Los Angeles, Miami, or New Orleans areas.[6] This was the last Super Bowl, and next-to-last game overall (the 1974 Pro Bowl in Kansas City was the last) to feature goal posts at the front of the end zone.

This was the Dolphins third consecutive Super Bowl appearance. They posted a 12–2 record during the regular season, then defeated the Cincinnati Bengals and the Oakland Raiders in the playoffs. The Vikings were making their second Super Bowl appearance after also finishing the regular season with a 12–2 record, and posting postseason victories over the Washington Redskins and the Dallas Cowboys.

Super Bowl VIII was largely dominated by the Dolphins, who scored 24 unanswered points during the first three quarters, including two touchdowns on their first two drives. Minnesota's best chance to threaten Miami occurred with less than a minute left in the first half, but Vikings running back Oscar Reed fumbled the ball away at the Dolphins' 6-yard line, and his team was unable to overcome Miami's lead in the second half. The Dolphins' Larry Csonka became the first running back to be named Super Bowl MVP; both his 145 rushing yards and his 33 carries were Super Bowl records.

Background

The NFL awarded Super Bowl VIII to Houston on March 21, 1972 at the owners meetings held in Honolulu.

Miami Dolphins

Although the Dolphins were unable to match their 17–0 perfect season of 1972, many sports writers, fans, and Dolphins players themselves felt that the 1973 team was better. While the 1972 team faced no competition that possessed a better record than 8–6 in the regular season, the 1973 team played a much tougher schedule that included games against the Oakland Raiders, Pittsburgh Steelers, and Dallas Cowboys (all playoff teams), plus two games against a resurgent Buffalo Bills squad that featured 2,000-yard rusher O.J. Simpson. Despite this, they still finished the 1973 season giving up fewer points (150) than in 1972, and recorded a 12–2 record, including their opening game victory over the San Francisco 49ers that tied an NFL record with 18 consecutive wins. The Dolphins' winning streak ended in week two with a 12–7 loss to the Raiders in Berkeley, California.

Just like the two previous seasons, Miami's offense relied primarily on their rushing attack. Fullback Larry Csonka recorded his third consecutive 1,000 rushing yards season (1,003 yards), while running back Mercury Morris rushed for 954 yards and scored 10 touchdowns. Running back Jim Kiick was also a key contributor, rushing for 257 yards, and catching 27 passes for 208 yards. Quarterback Bob Griese, the AFC's second leading passer, completed only 116 passes for 1,422 yards, but threw more than twice as many touchdown passes (17) as interceptions (8), and earned an 84.3 passer rating. He became the first quarterback to start three Super Bowls and is joined by Jim Kelly as only quarterbacks to start at least three consecutive Super Bowls. Wide receiver Paul Warfield remained the main deep threat on the team, catching 29 passes for 514 yards and 11 touchdowns. Also, the offensive line was strong, once again led by center Jim Langer and right guard Larry Little. Griese, Csonka, Warfield, Langer, Nick Buoniconti and Little would all eventually be elected to the Pro Football Hall of Fame.

Miami's "No Name Defense" continued to dominate their opponents. Future Hall of Fame linebacker Nick Buoniconti recovered three fumbles and returned one for a touchdown. Safety Dick Anderson led the team with eight interceptions, which he returned for 163 yards and two touchdowns. And safety Jake Scott, the previous season's Super Bowl MVP, had four interceptions and 71 return yards. The Dolphins were still using their "53" defense devised at the beginning of the 1971 season, where Bob Matheson (#53) would be brought in as a fourth linebacker in a 3–4 defense, with Manny Fernandez at nose tackle. Matheson could either rush the passer or drop back into coverage.

Minnesota Vikings

The Vikings also finished the regular season with a 12–2 record, winning their first nine games before a loss on Monday Night Football to the Atlanta Falcons. The Vikings' other loss was in week 12 to the Cincinnati Bengals, whom the Dolphins defeated in the AFC divisional playoffs.

Minnesota's offense was led by 13-year veteran quarterback Fran Tarkenton. During the regular season, Tarkenton completed 61.7 percent of his passes for 2,113 yards, 15 touchdowns, and just seven interceptions. He also rushed for 202 yards and another touchdown. The team's primary deep threat was Pro Bowl wide receiver John Gilliam, who caught 42 passes for 907 yards, an average of 21.6 yards per catch, and scored eight touchdowns. Tight end Stu Voigt was also a key element of the passing game, with 23 receptions for 318 yards and two touchdowns.

The Vikings' main weapon in their running game was NFL Rookie of the Year running back Chuck Foreman, who rushed for 801 yards, caught 37 passes for 362 yards, and scored six touchdowns. The Vikings had four other significant running backs: Dave Osborn, Bill Brown, Oscar Reed, and Ed Marinaro combined for 1,469 rushing/receiving yards and 11 touchdowns. The Vikings offensive line was also very talented, led by right tackle Ron Yary and six-time Pro Bowl center Mick Tingelhoff.

Their defense was once again anchored by a defensive line nicknamed the "Purple People Eaters", consisting of defensive tackles Gary Larsen and Alan Page, and defensive ends Jim Marshall and Carl Eller. Behind them, cornerback Bobby Bryant (seven interceptions, 105 return yards, one touchdown), and safety Paul Krause (four interceptions) led the defensive secondary.

Playoffs

For more details on this topic, see NFL playoffs, 1973-74.

The Vikings earned their second appearance in the Super Bowl after defeating the wild card Washington Redskins, 27–20, and the NFC East Champion Dallas Cowboys 27–10, in the playoffs. Meanwhile, the Dolphins defeated the AFC Central Champion Cincinnati Bengals 34–16 in the divisional round, and the AFC West Champion Oakland Raiders, 27–10 for the AFC Championship. The Dolphins were the first team to appear in three consecutive Super Bowls.

Super Bowl pregame news and notes

This was the first Super Bowl in which a former AFL franchise was the favorite. The 1970 AFC Champion Baltimore Colts had been the favorite in Super Bowl V, but they were an original NFL franchise prior the 1970 merger.

This was also the first Super Bowl played in a stadium that was not the current home to an NFL or AFL team, as no team had called Rice Stadium home since the Houston Oilers moved into the Astrodome.

The Vikings complained about their practice facilities at a Houston high school, a 20-minute bus ride from their hotel. They said the locker room was cramped, uncarpeted, had no lockers, and that most of the shower heads didn't work. The practice field had no blocking sleds. "I don't think our players have seen anything like this since junior high school," said Vikings head coach Bud Grant.[7]

There were reports of dissension among the Dolphin team arising from owner Joe Robbie's decision to allow married players to bring their wives at the club's expense. The single players were reportedly angry that they couldn't bring their girlfriends or mothers.

Paul Warfield entered the game with a well-publicized hamstring injury in his left leg. Minnesota Vikings defensive tackle Alan Page and Miami Dolphins left guard Bob Kuechenberg were former teammates at the University of Notre Dame. Kuechenberg would be blocking Page in Super Bowl VIII. Kuechenberg entered the game with a broken arm which was injured in a game played against the Baltimore Colts and wore a cast on that arm throughout the game.

On television before the game, New York Jets quarterback Joe Namath said, "If Miami gets the kickoff and scores on the opening drive, the game is over.".[8] Indeed, the Dolphins became the first team to score a touchdown after receiving the game's opening kickoff.

For this game, the Miami Dolphins were assigned the home team. The Dolphins wear white jerseys at home typically for day games, but due to a (since changed) uniform policy, the Dolphins were obligated to wear their aqua jerseys as the designated home team, although Miami wore its aqua jerseys for its final regular season home game (on a Saturday afternoon) that season vs. the Detroit Lions. Also, many Dolphin players wore a slightly different helmet decal than the rest...starting with the final regular season game of the 1973 season (and continuing throughout the playoffs) many players, mostly linemen, wore the decal that the team would adopt in 1974 (with the mascot dolphin leaping through the sun), while others wore helmets with the 1969–1973 decal (with the mascot dolphin halfway through the sun).

Famed "Gonzo" writer Hunter S. Thompson covered the game for Rolling Stone magazine, and his exploits in Houston are legendary.[9]

This was the only Super Bowl in which the game ball had stripes. Until the late 1970s, stripes were permissible for NFL footballs for night games and other special situations.

Head linesman Leo Miles was the first African-American to officiate in a Super Bowl.

Television and entertainment

The game was televised in the United States by CBS with play-by-play announcer Ray Scott and color commentators Pat Summerall and Bart Starr. This was Scott's final telecast for CBS. Midway through the following season Summerall would take Scott's place as the network's lead play-by-play announcer, holding that position through 1993, when CBS lost rights to the NFC television package to Fox.

The Longhorn Band from the University of Texas at Austin performed during the pregame festivities. Later, country music singer Charley Pride sang the national anthem.

The halftime show also featured the Longhorn Band, along with Judy Mallett, Miss Texas 1973, playing the fiddle, in a tribute to American music titled "A Musical America".

Game summary

The Dolphins' game plan on offense was to use misdirection, negative-influence traps, and cross-blocking to exploit the Minnesota defense's excellent pursuit. (The Kansas City Chiefs had used similar tactics against the same Vikings defensive line in Super Bowl IV). Wrote Jim Langer, "All this was successful right away. We kept ripping huge holes into their defense and Csonka kept picking up good yardage, especially to the right. We'd hear Alan [Page] cussing because those negative-influence plays were just driving him nuts. He didn't know what the hell to do."[10] On defense the Dolphins' goal was to neutralize Chuck Foreman by using cat-quick Manny Fernandez at nose tackle and to make passing difficult for Tarkenton by knocking down his receivers and double-teaming John Gilliam. They were also depending on defensive ends Bill Stanfill and Vern Den Herder to contain Tarkenton's scrambling.

As they had the two previous Super Bowls, the Dolphins won the coin toss and elected to receive. The Dolphins dominated the Vikings right from the beginning, scoring touchdowns on two 10-play drives in the first quarter. Said Jim Langer, "It was obvious from the beginning that our offense could overpower their defense."[10] First, Dolphins defensive back Jake Scott gave his team good field position by returning the opening kickoff 31 yards to the Miami 38-yard line. Then Mercury Morris ran right for four yards, Larry Csonka crashed through the middle for two, and quarterback Bob Griese completed a 13-yard pass to tight end Jim Mandich to advance the ball to the Vikings 43-yard line. Csonka then ran on second down for 16 yards, then Griese completed a six-yard pass to receiver Marlin Briscoe to the 21-yard line. Three more running plays, two by Csonka and one by Morris moved the ball to the Vikings 5-yard line. Csonka then finished the drive with a five-yard touchdown run.

Then after forcing Minnesota to punt after three plays, the Dolphins went 56 yards in 10 plays (aided with three runs by Csonka for eight, 12, and eight yards, and Griese's 13-yard pass to Briscoe) to score on running back Jim Kiick's one-yard run (his only touchdown of the season) to give them a 14–0 lead.

By the time the first quarter ended, Miami had run 20 plays for 118 yards and eight first downs, and scored touchdowns on their first two possessions, with Csonka carrying eight times for 64 yards and Griese completing all four of his passes for 40 yards. Meanwhile, the Miami defense held the Minnesota offense to only 25 yards, six plays from scrimmage and one first down. The Vikings advanced only as far as their own 27-yard line.[11] The Dolphins set the record which still stands for the largest Super Bowl lead (14 points) at the end of the first quarter. It has since been tied by the Oakland Raiders against the Philadelphia Eagles in Super Bowl XV (led 14-0) and the Green Bay Packers against the Pittsburgh Steelers in Super Bowl XLV (led 14-0).

The situation never got much better for the Vikings the rest of the game. After each team traded punts early in the second period, Miami mounted a seven-play drive starting from their own 35-yard line, culminating in a 28-yard field goal from kicker Garo Yepremian to make the score 17–0 midway through the second quarter. On the first play of the drive, Minnesota was penalized 15 yards for unsportsmanlike conduct on linebacker Wally Hilgenberg. On the previous series, Hilgenberg had thrown an elbow through Csonka's facemask, cutting Csonka above the eye, but had not been penalized. Later in the drive, Mercury Morris ran for 10 yards on a 3rd down play from the Minnesota 40-yard line to allow Miami to get into field goal range.

The Vikings then had their best opportunity to score in the first half on their ensuing drive. Starting at their own 20-yard line, Minnesota marched to the Miami 15-yard line in nine plays, aided by Fran Tarkenton's completions of 17 and 14 yards to tight end Stu Voigt and wide receiver John Gilliam's 30-yard reception. Tarkenton's eight-yard run on first down then advanced the ball to the 7-yard line. But on the next two plays, Vikings running back Oscar Reed gained only one yard on two rushes, bringing up a fourth-down-and-one with less than a minute left in the half. Instead of kicking a field goal, Minnesota attempted to convert the fourth down with another running play by Reed. However, Reed lost the ball while being tackled by linebacker Nick Buoniconti, and Scott recovered the fumble. About the decision to run with Reed on three straight plays, Grant defended the decision since the Vikes twice had converted in the NFC title game against Dallas. "If it's less than a yard, we go for it," he said. "We feel we have the plays to make it." The Dolphins, however, made the stop where the Cowboys had not.[12]

Jim Langer wrote that at halftime, "We definitely knew that this game was over."[10]

Gilliam returned the second half kickoff 65 yards, but a holding penalty on the play moved the ball all the way back to the Minnesota 11-yard line. Two plays later, Tarkenton was sacked for a six-yard loss by defensive tackle Manny Fernandez on third down, forcing Minnesota to punt from their own 7-yard line. Scott then returned the punt 12 yards to the Minnesota 43-yard line.

Miami then marched 43 yards in eight plays to score on Csonka's two-yard touchdown run through Hilgenberg to increase their lead to 24–0 with almost nine minutes left in the third quarter. The key play was Griese's third-and-five, 27-yard pass to wide receiver Paul Warfield to the Minnesota 11-yard line. It was Griese's last pass of the game, his only pass of the second half and just the seventh overall, and only Warfield's second, and last, catch of the game. (Because of his hamstring injury, Warfield had earlier been limping through primarily decoy routes.) The Vikings might have had the drive held to a field goal attempt when Morris lost 8 yards on a third-and-4 play from the Minnesota 5, but Hilgenberg was called for holding, giving Miami an automatic first down at the 8. From there, Csonka carried twice to a score.[11] On the scoring play, Griese forgot the snap count at the line of scrimmage. He asked Csonka, who said "two." Kiick said, "No, it's one." Griese chose to believe Csonka, which was a mistake; it was "one." Griese bobbled the ball slightly, but still managed to get it to Csonka. After an exchange of punts, Minnesota got the ball back at their 43-yard line after Larry Seiple's kick went just 24 yards. They mounted a 10-play, 57-yard drive, with Tarkenton completing 5 passes for 43 yards, including a 15-yarder to Voigt on 3rd-and-8, and taking the ball into the end zone himself on a 4-yard touchdown run.

Minnesota recovered the ensuing onside kick, but an offsides penalty on the Vikings nullified the play, and they subsequently kicked deep. Miami went three-and-out, but Seiple boomed a 57-yard punt and Minnesota got the ball back at its own 3-yard line. Eight plays later, the Vikings reached the Miami 32-yard line. After two incomplete passes, Tarkenton's pass intended for wide receiver Jim Lash was intercepted by Dolphins cornerback Curtis Johnson at the goal line. Miami got the ball back at their 10-yard line with 6:24 left in the game, and Csonka and Kiick were the ball carriers on all 12 remaining plays. The Dolphins picked up 2 first downs by rush and 2 by penalty on Minnesota in running out the clock.[11] With less than four minutes to play, a frustrated Alan Page was called for a personal foul for a late hit on Griese, and then two plays later both Page and Kuechenberg were given offsetting personal fouls after getting in a scuffle with each other.

Wrote Jim Langer, "We just hit the Vikings defense so hard and so fast that they didn't know what hit them. Alan Page later said he knew we would dominate them after only the first couple of plays."[10]

Griese finished the game with just six out of seven pass completions for 73 yards. Miami's seven pass attempts were the fewest ever thrown by a team in the Super Bowl. The Dolphins rushed for 196 yards, did not have any turnovers, and were not penalized in the first 52 minutes. Tarkenton set what was then a Super Bowl record for completions, 18 out of 28 for 182 yards, with one interception, and rushed for 17 yards and a touchdown. Reed was the leading rusher for the Vikings, but with just 32 yards. Tight end Stu Voigt was the top receiver of the game with three catches for 46 yards. The Vikings' lethargic performance was very similar to their performance in their loss to the Chiefs in Super Bowl IV.

Box score

1 2 34Total
Vikings 0 0 077
Dolphins 14 3 7024

at Rice Stadium, Houston, Texas

  • Date: January 13, 1974
  • Game time: 2:30 p.m. CDT
  • Game weather: 50 °F (10 °C), overcast
Scoring summary
Quarter Time Drive Team Scoring information Score
Plays Yards TOP MIN MIA
1 9:33 10 62 5:27 MIA Larry Csonka 5-yard touchdown run, Garo Yepremian kick good 0 7
1 1:22 10 56 5:46 MIA Jim Kiick 1-yard touchdown run, Garo Yepremian kick good 0 14
2 6:02 7 44 4:01 MIA 28-yard field goal by Garo Yepremian 0 17
3 8:44 8 43 3:58 MIA Larry Csonka 2-yard touchdown run, Garo Yepremian kick good 0 24
4 13:25 10 57 3:09 MIN Fran Tarkenton 4-yard touchdown run, Fred Cox kick good 7 24
"TOP" = time of possession. For other American football terms, see Glossary of American football. 7 24

Final statistics

Source: NFL.com Super Bowl VIII

Statistical comparison

Miami Dolphins Minnesota Vikings
First downs2114
First downs rushing135
First downs passing48
First downs penalty41
Third down efficiency4/118/15
Fourth down efficiency1/10/1
Net yards rushing19672
Rushing attempts5324
Yards per rush3.73.0
Passing – Completions/attempts6/718/28
Times sacked-total yards1–102–16
Interceptions thrown01
Net yards passing63166
Total net yards259238
Punt returns-total yards3–200–0
Kickoff returns-total yards2–474–69
Interceptions-total return yards1–100–0
Punts-average yardage3–39.75–42.2
Fumbles-lost1–02–1
Penalties-total yards1–47–65
Time of possession33:4526:15
Turnovers02

Individual leaders

Dolphins Passing
C/ATT1 Yds TD INT
Bob Griese 6/7 73 0 0
Dolphins Rushing
Car2 Yds TD LG3
Larry Csonka 33 145 2 16
Mercury Morris 11 34 0 14
Jim Kiick 7 10 1 5
Bob Griese 2 7 0 5
Dolphins Receiving
Rec4 Yds TD LG3
Paul Warfield 2 33 0 27
Jim Mandich 2 21 0 13
Marlin Briscoe 2 19 0 13
Vikings Passing
C/ATT1 Yds TD INT
Fran Tarkenton 18/28 182 0 1
Vikings Rushing
Car2 Yds TD LG3
Oscar Reed 11 32 0 9
Chuck Foreman 7 18 0 5
Fran Tarkenton 4 17 1 8
Ed Marinaro 1 3 0 3
Bill Brown 1 2 0 2
Vikings Receiving
Rec4 Yds TD LG3
Chuck Foreman 5 27 0 10
John Gilliam 4 44 0 30
Stu Voigt 3 46 0 17
Ed Marinaro 2 39 0 27
Bill Brown 1 9 0 9
Doug Kingsriter 1 9 0 9
Jim Lash 1 9 0 9
Oscar Reed 1 -1 0 -1

1Completions/attempts 2Carries 3Long gain 4Receptions

Super Bowl postgame news and notes

In the Dolphins' locker room after the game, Csonka was asked about his battered face. Without naming Hilgenberg, he said, "It was a cheap shot, but an honest cheap shot. He came right at me and threw an elbow right through my mask. I could see the game meant something to him."[7]

With their 32–2 record over two years, the still-young Dolphins appeared to have established a dynasty. In 1974, however, their offense was hurt by injuries to Csonka and the offensive line, and the defense was hurt by the departure of defensive coordinator Bill Arnsparger who became the New York Giants head coach. The Dolphins finished 11–3 but lost a dramatic playoff game ("The Sea of Hands") to the Oakland Raiders. In 1975 Csonka, Kiick, and Warfield left to join the World Football League. The Dolphins would not win another playoff game until 1982, and they have not won a Super Bowl since. They would appear in but lose two more, XVII and XIX.

As of December 1, 2015, this is the earliest Super Bowl in which both head coaches are still living.

Starting lineups

Source:[13][14]

Hall of Fame‡
Miami Position Minnesota
Offense
Paul Warfield‡ WR John Gilliam
Wayne Moore LT Grady Alderman
Bob Kuechenberg LG Ed White
Jim Langer‡ C Mick Tingelhoff‡
Larry Little‡ RG Frank Gallagher
Norm Evans RT Ron Yary‡
Jim Mandich TE Stu Voigt
Marlin Briscoe WR Carroll Dale
Bob Griese‡ QB Fran Tarkenton‡
Larry Csonka‡ FB Oscar Reed
Mercury Morris RB Chuck Foreman
Defense
Vern Den Herder LE Carl Eller‡
Manny Fernandez LDT Gary Larsen
Bob Heinz RDT Alan Page‡
Bill Stanfill RE Jim Marshall
Doug Swift LOLB Roy Winston
Nick Buoniconti‡ MLB Jeff Siemon
Mike Kolen ROLB Wally Hilgenberg
Lloyd Mumphord LCB Nate Wright
Curtis Johnson RCB Bobby Bryant
Dick Anderson LS Jeff Wright
Jake Scott RS Paul Krause‡

Officials

Note: A seven-official system was not used until the 1978 season.

Leo Miles was the first African-American to officiate in a Super Bowl.

References

  1. ↑ DiNitto, Marcus (January 25, 2015). "Super Bowl Betting History – Underdogs on Recent Roll". The Linemakers. The Sporting News. Retrieved February 4, 2015.
  2. ↑ "Super Bowl History". Vegas Insider. Retrieved February 4, 2015.
  3. ↑ "Super Bowl Winners". NFL.com. Retrieved February 4, 2015.
  4. ↑ "Historical Super Bowl Nielsen TV Ratings, 1967–2009 – Ratings". TVbytheNumbers. Retrieved October 9, 2012.
  5. ↑ The Houston Oilers did in fact play at Rice Stadium from 1965 to 1967, but moved to the Houston Astrodome in 1968.
  6. ↑ The NFL would continue on a New Orleans/Miami/Los Angeles (Pasadena) rotation until Super Bowl XVI in 1982 (which was held in Pontiac, Michigan).
  7. 1 2 Herskowitz, Mickey, "Purple People Eaten by Dolphins," The Super Bowl: Celebrating a Quarter-Century of America's Greatest Game. Simon and Schuster, 1990 ISBN 0-671-72798-2
  8. ↑ Dave Hyde, Still Perfect! The Untold Story of the 1972 Miami Dolphins, p271. Dolphins/Curtis Publishing, 2002 ISBN 0-9702677-1-1
  9. ↑ Thompson, Hunter S. "Fear and Loathing at the Super Bowl (1974)," Rolling Stone (magazine), February 28, 1974.
  10. 1 2 3 4 Jim Langer, "Super Bowl VIII," Super Bowl: The Game of Their Lives, Danny Peary, editor. Macmillan, 1997. ISBN 0-02-860841-0
  11. 1 2 3 "USA Today Super Bowl VIII Play by Play". USATODAY.com.
  12. ↑ "Dolphins Super, 24-7". December 25, 2013.
  13. ↑ "Super Bowl VIII–National Football League Game Summary" (PDF). National Football League. January 13, 1974. Retrieved February 29, 2016.
  14. ↑ Neft, David S., Cohen, Richard M., and Korch, Rick. The Complete History of Professional Football from 1892 to the Present. New York: St. Martins Press, 1994 ISBN 0-312-11435-4
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