Survivor (U.S. TV series)

Survivor
Logo used for the first season.
Genre	Reality competition
Created by	Charlie Parsons
Presented by	Jeff Probst
Starring	Survivor contestants
Theme music composer	Russ Landau
Country of origin	United States
Original language(s)	English
No. of seasons	32
No. of episodes	482 (list of episodes)
Production
Executive producer(s)	Charlie Parsons Mark Burnett Jeff Probst
Location(s)	see below
Running time	43 minutes
Production company(s)	Survivor Productions LLC Castaway Television Productions Mark Burnett Productions (2000–12) One Three Media (2012–14) United Artists Media Group (2014–15) MGM Television (2016–)
Distributor	CBS Television Distribution
Release
Original network	CBS
Picture format	480i (SDTV) (2000–08) 1080i (HDTV) (2008–present)
Original release	May 31, 2000 – present
Chronology
Related shows	Expedition Robinson International versions
External links
Website

Survivor is the American version of the international Survivor reality competition television series, itself derived from the Swedish television series Expedition Robinson created by Charlie Parsons which premiered in 1997. The American series premiered on May 31, 2000, on CBS. It is hosted by television personality Jeff Probst, who is also an executive producer, and also executive produced by Mark Burnett and original creator, Parsons.

The show maroons a group of strangers (as one or more tribes) in an isolated location, where they must provide food, water, fire, and shelter for themselves, while competing in challenges to earn either a reward, or an immunity from expulsion from the game in the next of the successive votes for elimination. While much less common than elimination by vote, medical conditions, such as injury or infection, have eliminated several contestants. The last two or three survivors face a jury composed of the most recently eliminated players. The jury interrogates the final few, and then votes for the winner of the game, the title of Sole Survivor and a million dollar prize.

The American version has been very successful. From the 2000–01 through the 2005–06 television seasons, its first eleven seasons (competitions) rated amongst the top ten most watched shows. It is commonly considered the leader of American reality TV because it was the first highly rated and profitable reality show on broadcast television in the U.S., and is considered one of the best shows of the 2000s (decade).^[1][2][3] The series has been nominated for several Emmy Awards, including winning for Outstanding Sound Mixing in 2001, Outstanding Special Class Program in 2002, and was subsequently nominated four times for Outstanding Reality-Competition Program when the category was introduced in 2003. Jeff Probst won the award for Outstanding Host for a Reality or Reality-Competition Program four consecutive times after the award was introduced in 2008. In 2007, the series was included in Time magazine's list of the 100 greatest TV shows of all-time.^[4] In 2013, TV Guide ranked it at #39 on its list of the "60 Best Series of All Time".^[5]

The series' 32nd season premiered on February 17, 2016.^[6] CBS has renewed the series through the 2016–17 television season.^[7]

Format and rules

The first U.S. season of Survivor followed the same general format as the Swedish series. Sixteen or more players are split between two or more "tribes", are taken to a remote isolated location (usually in a tropical climate) and are forced to live off the land with meager supplies for 39 days (42 in The Australian Outback). Frequent physical challenges are used to pit the teams against each other for rewards, such as food or luxuries, or for "immunity", forcing the other tribe to attend "Tribal Council", where they must vote off one of their players. Once about half the players are remaining, the tribes are merged into a single tribe, and competitions are on an individual basis; winning immunity prevents that player from being voted out, while several that are voted out at this stage form the game's "jury". Once down to two or three people, a final Tribal Council is held where the remaining players plead their case to the jury members. The jury then votes for which player should be considered the "Sole Survivor" and win the show's grand prize. In all seasons for the United States version, this has included a $1 million prize in addition to the Sole Survivor title; some seasons (particularly earlier seasons) have included additional prizes, such as a car.

The U.S. version has introduced numerous modifications, or "twists", on the core rules in order to keep the players on their toes and to prevent players from relying on strategies that succeeded in prior seasons. These changes have included tribal switches, seasons starting with more than two tribes, the ability to exile a player from a tribe for a short time, hidden immunity idols that players can use to save themselves at Tribal Council and a chance to return to regular gameplay after elimination through "Redemption Island" or "The Outcast Tribe".

Series overview

The United States version is produced by Mark Burnett and hosted by Jeff Probst. Each competition is called a season, has a unique name, and lasts from 13 to 16 episodes. The first season was broadcast as a summer replacement show in 2000. Starting with Survivor: Africa, there have been two seasons aired during each U.S. television season.

In the first season, there was a 75-person crew. By season 22, the crew had grown to 325 people.^[8]

There have been a total of 478 contestants that have competed on Survivor's 32 seasons.

List of Survivor (U.S.) seasons

No.	Season title	Location	Original tribes	Winner	Runner(s)-up		Final vote
1	Survivor: Borneo	Pulau Tiga, Sabah, Malaysia	Two tribes of eight	Richard Hatch	Kelly Wiglesworth		4–3
2	Survivor: The Australian Outback	Herbert River at Goshen Station, Queensland, Australia		Tina Wesson	Colby Donaldson		4–3
3	Survivor: Africa	Shaba National Reserve, Kenya[9]		Ethan Zohn	Kim Johnson		5–2
4	Survivor: Marquesas	Nuku Hiva, Marquesas Islands, French Polynesia		Vecepia Towery	Neleh Dennis		4–3
5	Survivor: Thailand	Ko Tarutao, Satun Province, Thailand	Two tribes of eight picked by the two oldest players, Jake and Jan	Brian Heidik	Clay Jordan		4–3
6	Survivor: The Amazon	Rio Negro, Amazonas, Brazil	Two tribes of eight divided by gender	Jenna Morasca	Matthew Von Ertfelda		6–1
7	Survivor: Pearl Islands	Pearl Islands, Panama	Two tribes of eight	Sandra Diaz-Twine	Lillian Morris		6–1
8	Survivor: All-Stars		Three tribes of six returning players	Amber Brkich	Rob Mariano		4–3
9	Survivor: Vanuatu	Efate, Shefa Province, Vanuatu	Two tribes of nine divided by gender	Chris Daugherty	Twila Tanner		5–2
10	Survivor: Palau	Koror, Palau	A schoolyard pick of two tribes of nine; two eliminated without a tribe	Tom Westman	Katie Gallagher		6–1
11	Survivor: Guatemala	Laguna Yaxhá, Yaxhá-Nakúm-Naranjo National Park, Petén, Guatemala	Two tribes of nine, including two returning players	Danni Boatwright	Stephenie LaGrossa		6–1
12	Survivor: Panama	Pearl Islands, Panama	Four tribes of four divided by age and gender	Aras Baskauskas	Danielle DiLorenzo		5–2
13	Survivor: Cook Islands	Aitutaki, Cook Islands	Four tribes of five divided by ethnicity: African Americans, Whites, Hispanics, and Asians	Yul Kwon	Ozzy Lusth	Becky Lee	5–4–0
14	Survivor: Fiji	Macuata, Vanua Levu, Fiji	Two tribes of nine divided by a selected castaway, who would join the tribe who lost the first challenge	Earl Cole	Cassandra Franklin & Dre "Dreamz" Herd		9–0–0
15	Survivor: China	Zhelin, Jiujiang, Jiangxi, China	Two tribes of eight	Todd Herzog	Courtney Yates	Amanda Kimmel	4–2–1
16	Survivor: Micronesia	Koror, Palau	Two tribes of ten: new players against past contestants	Parvati Shallow	Amanda Kimmel		5–3
17	Survivor: Gabon	Wonga-Wongue Presidential Reserve, Estuaire, Gabon	A schoolyard pick of two tribes of nine, starting with the oldest players, Bob & Gillian	Robert "Bob" Crowley	Susie Smith	Jessica "Sugar" Kiper	4–3–0
18	Survivor: Tocantins	Jalapão, Tocantins, Brazil	Two tribes of eight	James "J.T." Thomas Jr.	Stephen Fishbach		7–0
19	Survivor: Samoa	Upolu, Samoa	Two tribes of ten	Natalie White	Russell Hantz	Mick Trimming	7–2–0
20	Survivor: Heroes vs. Villains		Two tribes of ten returning players, divided by "hero" or "villain" status	Sandra Diaz-Twine	Parvati Shallow	Russell Hantz	6–3–0
21	Survivor: Nicaragua	San Juan del Sur, Rivas, Nicaragua[10]	Two tribes of ten divided by age	Jud "Fabio" Birza	Chase Rice	Matthew "Sash" Lenahan	5–4–0
22	Survivor: Redemption Island		Two tribes of nine, including two returning players	Rob Mariano	Phillip Sheppard	Natalie Tenerelli	8–1–0
23	Survivor: South Pacific	Upolu, Samoa		Sophie Clarke	Benjamin "Coach" Wade	Albert Destrade	6–3–0
24	Survivor: One World		Two tribes of nine divided by gender living on the same beach	Kim Spradlin	Sabrina Thompson	Chelsea Meissner	7–2–0
25	Survivor: Philippines	Caramoan, Camarines Sur, Philippines	Three tribes of six, including three returning players who had been medically evacuated in a previous season	Denise Stapley	Lisa Whelchel & Michael Skupin		6–1–1
26	Survivor: Caramoan		Two tribes of ten: new players against past contestants	John Cochran	Dawn Meehan & Sherri Biethman		8–0–0
27	Survivor: Blood vs. Water	Palaui Island, Santa Ana, Cagayan, Philippines[11]	Two tribes of ten: returning contestants against their loved ones[12]	Tyson Apostol	Monica Culpepper	Gervase Peterson	7–1–0
28	Survivor: Cagayan		Three tribes of six divided by primary attribute: "brawn" vs. "brains" vs. "beauty"[13]	Tony Vlachos	Yung "Woo" Hwang		8–1
29	Survivor: San Juan del Sur	San Juan del Sur, Rivas, Nicaragua	Nine pairs of new players, each with a pre-existing relationship, divided onto two tribes of nine[14]	Natalie Anderson	Jaclyn Schultz	Missy Payne	5–2–1
30	Survivor: Worlds Apart		Three tribes of six divided by social class: "white collar" vs. "blue collar" vs. "no collar"[15]	Mike Holloway	Carolyn Rivera & Will Sims II		6–1–1
31	Survivor: Cambodia	Koh Rong, Cambodia[16]	Two tribes of ten returning players, chosen by public vote[17]	Jeremy Collins	Spencer Bledsoe & Tasha Fox		10–0–0
32	Survivor: Kaôh Rōng		Three tribes of six divided by primary attribute: "brains" vs. "brawn" vs. "beauty"[18]	TBA

Locations

The American version of Survivor has been shot in many locations around the world since the first season, usually favoring warm and tropical climates.

Continent/Region	Locations (season number)
Africa	Kenya (3), Gabon (17)
Asia	Malaysia (1), Thailand (5), China (15), Philippines (25, 26, 27, 28), Cambodia (31, 32)
Oceania	Australia (2), French Polynesia (4), Vanuatu (9), Palau (10, 16), Cook Islands (13), Fiji (14), Samoa (19, 20, 23, 24)
Central America	Panama (7, 8, 12), Guatemala (11), Nicaragua (21, 22, 29, 30)
South America	Brazil (6, 18)

Since The Australian Outback, the announcement of each season's winner and subsequent reunion have been broadcast live in front of a studio audience, usually alternating between the Ed Sullivan Theater in New York City (home to the CBS' Late Show franchise) and CBS Television City or the CBS Studio Center in Los Angeles.

Reception

U.S. television ratings

Survivor has consistently been one of the top 20 most watched shows through its first 18 seasons and from seasons 21 to 23.^[19]

Seasonal rankings (based on average total viewers per episode) of the United States version of Survivor on CBS.

Note: Each U.S. network television season starts in late September and ends in late May, which coincides with the completion of May sweeps.

Season	Timeslot (ET)^3	Premiered		Ended			TV season	Rank	Viewers (in millions)
		Date	Premiere viewers (in millions)	Date	Finale viewers (in millions)	Reunion viewers (in millions)
Survivor: Borneo	Wednesday 8:00 pm	May 31, 2000[20]	15.51	August 23, 2000	51.69[20]	36.70[21]	2000	2	28.30[22]
Survivor: The Australian Outback	Thursday 8:00 pm	January 28, 2001[23]	45.37^1	May 3, 2001[24]	36.35	28.01	2000–01	1	29.80[25]
Survivor: Africa		October 11, 2001[26]	23.84	January 10, 2002[27]	27.26	19.05	2001–02	8	20.69[28]
Survivor: Marquesas		February 28, 2002[29]	23.19	May 19, 2002[30]	25.87	17.89		6	20.77[31]
Survivor: Thailand		September 19, 2002[32]	23.05	December 19, 2002[33]	24.08	20.43	2002–03	4	21.21[34]
Survivor: The Amazon		February 13, 2003[35]	23.26	May 11, 2003[36]	22.29	17.65		9	19.97[34]
Survivor: Pearl Islands		September 18, 2003	21.50	December 14, 2003[37]	25.23	21.87	2003–04	7	20.72[38]
Survivor: All-Stars		February 1, 2004	33.53^1	May 9, 2004[39]	24.76	23.92		3	21.49[40]
Survivor: Vanuatu		September 16, 2004[41]	20.06	December 12, 2004[42]	19.72	15.23	2004–05	10	19.64[43]
Survivor: Palau		February 17, 2005[43]	23.66	May 15, 2005[44]	20.80	15.48		5	20.91[45]
Survivor: Guatemala		September 15, 2005[46]	18.41	December 11, 2005[47]	21.18	15.21	2005–06	8[48]	18.30[45]
Survivor: Panama		February 2, 2006[49]	19.20	May 14, 2006	17.07	11.65		11[48]	16.82[50]
Survivor: Cook Islands		September 14, 2006[51]	18.00	December 17, 2006	16.42	13.53	2006–07	13	15.75[52]
Survivor: Fiji		February 8, 2007[53]	16.68	May 13, 2007	13.63	11.43		15	14.83[52]
Survivor: China		September 20, 2007[54]	15.35	December 16, 2007	15.10	12.22	2007–08	8	15.18[55]
Survivor: Micronesia		February 7, 2008[56]	14.02	May 11, 2008	12.92	10.84		11	13.61[55]
Survivor: Gabon		September 25, 2008	13.05[57]	December 14, 2008	13.77	11.74	2008–09	15	13.81[58]
Survivor: Tocantins		February 12, 2009	13.63[59]	May 17, 2009	12.94[60]	11.59[60]		19	12.86[58]
Survivor: Samoa		September 17, 2009[61]	11.66[62]	December 20, 2009	13.97[63]	11.68[63]	2009–10	17	12.34[64]
Survivor: Heroes vs. Villains		February 11, 2010[65]	14.15[66]	May 16, 2010	13.46[67]	10.65[67]		14	12.60[64]
Survivor: Nicaragua	Wednesday 8:00 pm	September 15, 2010[68]	12.23[69]	December 19, 2010	13.58[70]	11.19[70]	2010–11	11	13.61[71]
Survivor: Redemption Island		February 16, 2011	11.17[72]	May 15, 2011	13.30[73]	10.97[73]		18	12.59[71]
Survivor: South Pacific		September 14, 2011[74]	10.74[75]	December 18, 2011	13.07[76]	9.92[76]	2011–12	18	12.77[77]
Survivor: One World		February 15, 2012	10.79[78]	May 13, 2012	10.34[79]	7.72[79]		26	11.64[77]
Survivor: Philippines		September 19, 2012[80]	11.37[81]	December 16, 2012	11.46[82]	8.77[83]	2012–13	21	11.85[84]
Survivor: Caramoan		February 13, 2013	8.94[85]	May 12, 2013	10.16[86]	8.13[86]		28	10.82[84]
Survivor: Blood vs. Water		September 18, 2013	9.73[87]	December 15, 2013	10.19[88]	7.46[88]	2013–14	25^2	11.30[89]
Survivor: Cagayan		February 26, 2014	9.40[90]	May 21, 2014	9.58[91]	7.14[91]
Survivor: San Juan del Sur		September 24, 2014	9.75[92]	December 17, 2014	9.79[93]	7.31[93]	2014–15	31	11.35[94]
Survivor: Worlds Apart		February 25, 2015	10.04[95]	May 20, 2015	9.74[96]	7.21[96]
Survivor: Cambodia		September 23, 2015	9.70[97]	December 16, 2015	9.45[98]	6.49[98]	2015–16	TBD
Survivor: Kaôh Rōng		February 17, 2016	8.30[99]	May 18, 2016				TBD

^1 The season premieres of Survivor: The Australian Outback and Survivor: All-Stars each aired after a Super Bowl.
^2 Starting with the 2013–14 TV series ranking, the two seasons aired in that time are listed together as Survivor. Previously, seasons were listed separately.
^3 The season finales of Survivor: Marquesas, and Survivor: The Amazon through Survivor: Blood vs. Water, were aired on Sunday at 8:00 pm. When Survivor regularly aired on Thursdays, some episodes were moved to Wednesday at 8:00 pm to accommodate broadcasts of the first two weeks of the NCAA Men's Division I Basketball Championship.

Awards and nominations

Primetime Emmy Awards

Year	Category	Nominee/Episode	Result[100]
2001	Outstanding Non-Fiction Program (Special Class)		Won
	Outstanding Sound Mixing for a Non-Fiction Program	"The Marooning"	Won
	Outstanding Cinematography for Non-Fiction Programming	"A Honeymoon or Not"	Nominated
	Outstanding Main Title Theme Music	Russ Landau	Nominated
	Outstanding Picture Editing for Non-Fiction Programming	"Trial by Fire"	Nominated
	Outstanding Technical Direction, Camerawork, Video for a Miniseries, Movie or a Special	"Survivor: The Reunion"	Nominated
2002	Outstanding Lighting Direction (Electronic, Multi-Camera) for VMC Programming	"Finale and the Reunion"	Nominated
	Outstanding Picture Editing for Non-Fiction Programming (Single or Multi-Camera)	"Two Peas in a Pod"	Nominated
	Outstanding Technical Direction, Camerawork, Video for a Series	"Finale and the Reunion"	Nominated
2003	Outstanding Art Direction for a Variety or Music Program		Nominated
	Outstanding Cinematography for Non-Fiction Programming (Single or Multi-Camera)	"The Importance of Being Earnest"	Nominated
	Outstanding Picture Editing for Non-Fiction Programming (Single or Multi-Camera)	"More Than Meats the Eye"	Nominated
	Outstanding Reality/Competition Program		Nominated
2004	Outstanding Cinematography for Nonfiction Programming (Single or Multi-Camera)	"Beg, Barter and Steal"	Nominated
	Outstanding Picture Editing for Nonfiction Programming (Single or Multi-Camera)	"Swimming with Sharks"	Nominated
	Outstanding Picture Editing for Non-Fiction Programming (Single or Multi-Camera)	"Shark Attack"	Nominated
	Outstanding Reality/Competition Program		Nominated
	Outstanding Sound Mixing for Nonfiction Programming (Single or Multi-Camera)	"They're Back"	Nominated
2005	Outstanding Cinematography for Nonfiction Programming (Single or Multi-Camera)	"This Has Never Happened Before"	Nominated
	Outstanding Picture Editing for Nonfiction Programming (Single or Multi-Camera)	"This Has Never Happened Before"	Nominated
	Outstanding Picture Editing for Non-Fiction Programming (Single or Multi-Camera)	"Culture Shock and Violent Storms"	Nominated
	Outstanding Reality/Competition Program		Nominated
	Outstanding Sound Mixing for Nonfiction Programming (Single or Multi-Camera)	"Love is in the Air, Rats are Everywhere"	Nominated
2006	Outstanding Cinematography for Nonfiction Programming (Single or Multi-Camera)	"Big Trek, Big Trouble, Big Surprise"	Nominated
	Outstanding Picture Editing for Nonfiction Programming (Single or Multi-Camera)	"Starvation and Lunacy"	Nominated
	Outstanding Picture Editing for Non-Fiction Programming (Single or Multi-Camera)	"Salvation and Desertion"	Nominated
	Outstanding Reality/Competition Program		Nominated
	Outstanding Sound Mixing for Nonfiction Programming (Single or Multi-Camera)	"Big Trek, Big Trouble, Big Surprise"	Nominated
	Outstanding Sound Editing for Nonfiction Programming (Single or Multi-Camera)	"Big Trek, Big Trouble, Big Surprise"	Nominated
2007	Outstanding Picture Editing for Non-Fiction Programming (Single or Multi-Camera)	"An Evil Thought"	Nominated
2008	Outstanding Picture Editing for Non-Fiction Programming (Single or Multi-Camera)	"He's a Ball of Goo!"	Nominated
	Outstanding Host for a Reality or Reality-Competition Program	Jeff Probst	Won
	Outstanding Cinematography for Reality Programming	"Just Don't Eat the Apple"	Nominated
2009	Outstanding Sound Mixing for Non-Fiction Programming (Single or Multi-Camera)	"The Poison Apple Needs to Go"	Nominated
	Outstanding Host for a Reality or Reality-Competition Program	Jeff Probst	Won
	Outstanding Cinematography for Reality Programming	"This Camp is Cursed"	Nominated
2010	Outstanding Picture Editing for Non-Fiction Programming (Single or Multi-Camera)	"Tonight, We Make Our Move"	Nominated
	Outstanding Host for a Reality or Reality-Competition Program	Jeff Probst	Won
	Outstanding Cinematography for Reality Programming	"Slay Everyone, Trust No One"	Won
2011	Outstanding Picture Editing for Non-Fiction Programming (Single or Multi-Camera)	"Don't You Work for Me?"	Nominated
	Outstanding Host for a Reality or Reality-Competition Program	Jeff Probst	Won
	Outstanding Cinematography for Reality Programming	"Rice Wars"	Nominated
2012	Outstanding Picture Editing for Non-Fiction Programming (Single or Multi-Camera)	"Cult-Like"	Nominated
	Outstanding Cinematography for Reality Programming	"Running the Show"	Nominated
2013	Outstanding Sound Editing for Nonfiction Programming (Single or Multi-Camera)	"Create a Little Chaos"	Nominated
	Outstanding Sound Mixing for Nonfiction Programming		Nominated
	Outstanding Cinematography for Reality Programming		Nominated
	Outstanding Picture Editing for Reality Programming	"Zipping Over the Cuckoo's Nest"	Nominated
	Outstanding Directing for Nonfiction Programming	"Live Finale and Reunion" (Survivor: Caramoan)	Nominated
		"Live Finale and Reunion" (Survivor: Philippines)	Nominated
2014	Outstanding Cinematography for Reality Programming	"Mad Treasure Hunt"	Nominated
	Outstanding Picture Editing for Reality Programming	"Mad Treasure Hunt"	Nominated
2015	Outstanding Cinematography for Reality Programming	"It's Survivor Warfare"	Nominated
	Outstanding Picture Editing for Reality Programming	"It's Survivor Warfare"	Nominated

Other awards

Year	Association	Category	Result	Ref.
2001	TCA Awards	Program of the Year	Nominated	[101]
2001		Outstanding New Program	Nominated	[101]
2011		Outstanding Achievement in Reality Programming	Nominated	[102]
2013		Outstanding Achievement in Reality Programming	Nominated	[103]
2013	Critics' Choice Television Awards	Best Reality Series – Competition	Nominated	[104]
2014		Best Reality Series – Competition	Nominated	[105]
2014	TCA Awards	Outstanding Achievement in Reality Programming	Nominated	[106]

Post-show auctions

At the end of each U.S. Survivor season from Survivor: Africa onward, various Survivor props and memorabilia are auctioned online for charity. The most common recipient has been the Elizabeth Glaser Pediatric AIDS Foundation.^[107] Most recently, proceeds have gone toward The Serpentine Project, a charity founded by Jeff Probst, dedicated to helping those transitioning out of foster care upon emancipation at eighteen years of age.^[108] Items up for auction have included flags, mats, tree mails, contestant torches, contestant clothing, autographed items, immunity idols and the voting urn.^[109]

Controversies and legal action

• In February 2001, Stacey Stillman filed a lawsuit claiming that producers interfered in the process of Survivor: Borneo by persuading two members of her tribe (Sean Kenniff and Dirk Been) to vote her off instead of Rudy Boesch.^[110]
• During a reward trip on Survivor: The Australian Outback, Colby Donaldson removed corals from the Great Barrier Reef and, on the same trip, a helicopter involved with the production crew flew around protected seabird rookeries. Both acts violated Australian law and the incidents could have resulted in fines up to A$110,000. Mark Burnett, the executive producer, issued an apology on behalf of Donaldson and the Survivor production team.^[111]
• At the tribal immunity challenge for the final four players on Survivor: Africa, host Jeff Probst asked which female player in their season had no piercings. Kim Johnson answered Kelly Goldsmith, got the point, and went on to win the challenge, which put her through to the final three and ultimately (after winning another immunity challenge) the final two. Unbeknownst to the producers, another contestant on "Africa", Lindsey Richter, also had no piercings. Lex van den Berghe's answer had been Lindsey, but the show did not award him a point, which could have significantly changed the outcome of the challenge and the overall game. CBS later paid van den Berghe and Tom Buchanan, who had finished in fourth place, a settlement.^[112]
• In the fifth episode of Survivor: All-Stars, a naked Richard Hatch came into contact with Sue Hawk after she blocked his path during an immunity challenge. Hatch was voted out that day for other reasons, but Hawk quit the game two days later as a result of what had happened. Hawk considered filing a lawsuit against the parties involved, but appeared with Hatch on The Early Show the morning after the sixth episode aired, stating she opted out of legal action because CBS had helped her "deal with the situation".^[113]
• Rupert Boneham, a contestant on Pearl Islands and All-Stars, was extremely popular with television audiences, but finished eighth and fourth, respectively, in his appearances on the show. As part of a special on the All-Stars reunion (Survivor: America's Tribal Council), a contest for the 18 players was created, where the winner would be selected by the viewing audience to receive a $1 million prize. Boneham unsurprisingly won this prize, with more than 80% of the votes cast. Many fans of the show saw this as a way of diluting the overall concept of the show, that instead of outwitting, outplaying and outlasting your fellow tribe members to win the game, a player could now play specifically just to gain popularity with the show's audience, regardless of how well they played the game, and still be rewarded with a large prize.^[114]
• In January 2006, Richard Hatch, the winner of the first season of Survivor, was charged and found guilty of failing to report his winnings to the IRS to avoid taxes. He was sentenced to four years and three months in prison.^[115]
• In the beginning of Survivor: Cook Islands, the tribes were grouped according to their race. Probst claimed the choice came from the criticism that Survivor was "not ethnically diverse enough",^[116] but several long-term sponsors, including Campbell's Soup, Procter & Gamble, Home Depot, and Coca Cola^[117] dropped their support of the show shortly after this announcement, leading to speculation that the decisions were in response to the controversy. Each company has either denied the link to the controversy or declined to comment.
• The selection process for the 14th season came under fire when it was revealed that, of the entire Survivor: Fiji cast, only Gary Stritesky had gone through the application process for the show; the rest of the contestants were recruited.^[118] Probst defended the process, citing finding diversity of cast as a reason.
• At the Survivor: China reunion show, Denise Martin told producers and the audience that she had been demoted to a janitor from a lunch lady due to the distraction she was to students from her appearance on the show. Because of her misfortune, Burnett awarded Martin $50,000. But Martin would later recant her story after the school district she worked for publicly stated that she had taken the custodial position before appearing on the show.^[119] Martin then decided to donate the $50,000 to charity.^[120]
• A brief uncensored shot of Marcus Lehman's genitals during the premiere episode of Survivor: Gabon led to the show and network being asked to apologize for the incident.^[121]
• Jim Early (aka Missyae), who was a user on one of the fan forums for Survivor, was sued by Burnett, his production company, and CBS in August 2010, for allegedly releasing detailed spoiler information for Survivor: Samoa and Survivor: Heroes vs. Villains. Early revealed that he was getting his information from Russell Hantz, a contestant on both seasons, through both phone calls and emails. Early complied in the lawsuit by providing such evidence, eventually leading to its dismissal in January 2011. Although legal action has yet to be taken against Hantz, the contract for a player in Survivor includes a liability of up to $5 million for the premature revealing of a season's results.^[122] Hantz has stated that the claim is false.^[123]
• Contestants that did not make the jury in Survivor: Caramoan were not allowed on stage for the reunion show. While Jeff Probst claimed that the new stage could not accommodate all 18 of the attending contestants, the format change was panned because the show's fans and fellow contestants felt that it was unfair for them to be left out in the audience. Erik Reichenbach, who finished 5th and did not even get a chance to speak at the reunion, called out the producers for their treatment of the contestants. Calling it a farce, he criticized how the reunion show left so many unanswered questions about the other contestants and his own evacuation during the season finale. He also criticized how the pre-jury members were completely left out in favor of featuring the show's former contestants, like Rob Mariano and Rudy Boesch.^[124]

Merchandise

The wild success of Survivor spawned a wide range of merchandise from the very first season. While early items available were limited to buffs, water bottles, hats, T-shirts, and other typical souvenir items, the marketability of the franchise has grown tremendously. Today, fans can find innumerable items, including computer and board games, interactive online games, mugs, tribal-themed jewelry, beach towels, dog tags, magnets, multi-function tools, DVD seasons, Survivor party kits, insider books, soundtracks, and more.

Home media releases

Best of

DVD name	Release date
Season One: The Greatest and Most Outrageous Moments	January 9, 2001
Season Two: The Greatest and Most Outrageous Moments	September 25, 2001

Full seasons

Seasons 1, 2, 7, 8, 9 and 10 were released in stores. The remaining seasons have been released exclusively on Amazon.com through their CreateSpace manufacture on demand program.

DVD name	Release date[125]
The Complete First Season: Borneo	May 11, 2004
The Complete Second Season: The Australian Outback	April 26, 2005
The Complete Third Season: Africa	October 5, 2010
The Complete Fourth Season: Marquesas	October 5, 2010
The Complete Fifth Season: Thailand	October 25, 2011
The Complete Sixth Season: The Amazon	November 22, 2011
The Complete Seventh Season: Pearl Islands	February 7, 2006
The Complete Eighth Season: All-Stars	September 14, 2004
The Complete Ninth Season: Vanuatu – Islands of Fire	December 5, 2006
The Complete Tenth Season: Palau	August 29, 2006
The Complete Eleventh Season: Guatemala – The Maya Empire	May 22, 2012
The Complete Twelfth Season: Panama – Exile Island	May 22, 2012
The Complete Thirteenth Season: Cook Islands	December 11, 2012
The Complete Fourteenth Season: Fiji	December 11, 2012
The Complete Fifteenth Season: China	January 27, 2014
The Complete Sixteenth Season: Micronesia – Fans vs. Favorites	January 31, 2014
The Complete Seventeenth Season: Gabon – Earth's Last Eden	September 11, 2014
The Complete Eighteenth Season: Tocantins – The Brazilian Highlands	August 5, 2014
The Complete Nineteenth Season: Samoa	November 18, 2014
The Complete Twentieth Season: Heroes vs. Villains	February 22, 2011
The Complete Twenty-First Season: Nicaragua	November 18, 2014
The Complete Twenty-Second Season: Redemption Island	October 7, 2015
The Complete Twenty-Third Season: South Pacific	October 7, 2015
The Complete Twenty-Fourth Season: One World	TBA
The Complete Twenty-Fifth Season: Philippines	TBA
The Complete Twenty-Sixth Season: Caramoan – Fans vs. Favorites	TBA
The Complete Twenty-Seventh Season: Blood vs. Water	TBA
The Complete Twenty-Eighth Season: Cagayan	TBA

CBS All Access

All seasons, including the current season, are available on CBS All Access, the network's over-the-top subscription streaming service.

Other media

Video games

In the 2001 Survivor video game for PC, developed by Infogrames, it allows players to play and create characters for the game based on the Pulau Tiga or Australian Outback cast members. The game also includes a character creation system for making custom characters.

Gameplay consists of choosing survivors' skills (fishing, cooking, etc.), forming alliances, developing relationships with other tribe members, and voting off competitors at tribal council.

The game was very poorly received by critics. GameSpot gave the game a 'Terrible' score of 2.0 out of 10, saying "If you're harboring even a tiny urge to buy this game, please listen very carefully to this advice: Don't do it."^[126] Likewise, IGN gave the game a 'Painful' 2.4 out of 10, stating "It is horribly boring and repetitive. The graphics are weak and even the greatest Survivor fan would break the CD in two after playing it for 20 minutes."^[127] The game was the recipient of Game Revolution's lowest score of all time, an F-.^[128] An 'interactive review' was created specially for the game, and features interactive comments like "The Survival periods are about as much fun as" followed by a drop-down menu, "watching paint dry/throbbing hemorrhoids/staring at air/being buried alive."^[128]

On November 4, 2009, it was announced that a second game based on the show would be turned into a video game. The game would require players to participate in various challenges like those in the reality shows in order to win.^[129]

Soundtracks

Various soundtracks have been released featuring music composed by Russ Landau, including soundtracks for seasons 9 through 27 (with the exception of season 14).^[130]

Thrill ride

The Tiki Twirl thrill ride at California's Great America in Santa Clara, California was originally called Survivor: The Ride. The ride includes a rotating platform that moves along an undulating track. Riders can be sprayed by water guns hidden in oversized tribal masks. Theme elements included drums and other familiar Survivor musical accents playing in the background, Survivor memorabilia throughout the queue line and other merchandise for sale in nearby gift shops.^[131]

See also

• Pirate Master
• Total Drama
• List of longest-running U.S. primetime television series

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External links

• Official website
• Survivor at the Internet Movie Database
• Survivor at TV.com