Timeline of Aleppo
The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Aleppo, Syria.
- This is a dynamic list and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help by expanding it with reliably sourced entries.
 
Prior to 10th century
See also: Ancient City of Aleppo
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- Founded before 2000 BCE
 - 1800 - 1525 BCE- part of the Amorite dinsty
 - 333 BCE - Alexander the Great in power.
 - 286 BCE - Hellenic settlement of Beroea established.
 - 88 BCE - City becomes part of Kingdom of Armenia.
 - 64 BCE - City becomes part of Roman Syria.
 - 611 CE - Persian Chosroes II in power.[1]
 -  637
- July–October: Siege of Aleppo by Muslim forces.
 - Al-Shuaibiyah Mosque built.
 
 - 717 - Great Mosque built.
 
10th-12th centuries
- 944 - Sayf al-Dawla in power.
 - 961 - Byzantines in power.[2]
 - 1090 - Seljuks in power.[1]
 - 1098 - City besieged by Christian crusaders.
 -  1124
- City besieged by Christian crusaders under Baldwin II.[3]
 - Al-Halawiyah Madrasa built.
 
 - 1138 - 11 October: Earthquake was one of deadliest of all time.
 - 1168 - Al-Muqaddamiyah Madrasa established.
 - 1170 - 29 June: Earthquake.[3]
 - 1183 - Saladin assumes power.[1]
 -  1193
- Az-Zahir Ghazi in power.
 - Al-Shadbakhtiyah Madrasa built.
 
 
13th century
- 1211 - Hammam al-Sultan built.
 - 1212 - Bab al-Nasr (gate) rebuilt.
 - 1218 - Aqueduct restored.[3]
 - 1223 - Al-Sultaniyah Madrasa established.
 - 1230 - Bab al-Maqam (gate) built.
 - 1236 - Al-Firdaws Madrasa established.
 -  1237
- Khanqah al-Farafira (monastery) and Al-Kameliyah Madrasa built.
 - Bab al-Nairab (gate) built (approximate date).
 
 - 1242 - Al-Sharafiyah Madrasa built.
 - 1251 - Al-Turantaiyah Madrasa built.
 - 1256 - Bab Qinnasrin (gate) rebuilt.
 - 1260 - City besieged by Mongol forces under Hulagu Khan.[2]
 - 1280 - City besieged by Mongol forces.[2]
 
14th-15th centuries

Bimaristan Arghun al-Kamili, 1354
- 1303 - Mahmandar Mosque built.
 - 1318 - Altun Bogha Mosque built.
 - 1350 - Al-Sahibiyah Mosque built.
 - 1354 - Bimaristan Arghun al-Kamili (asylum) active.
 - 1398 - Al-Otrush Mosque and Al-Tawashi mosque built.
 - 1400 - City besieged by forces of Timur of Transoxia.[2]
 - 1427 - Citadel expanded.[2]
 - 1418 - Central Synagogue rebuilt.
 - 1425 - Al-Saffahiyah Mosque built.
 - 1429 - Forty Martyrs Cathedral consecrated.
 -  1450
- Khan al-Qadi active in Al-Madina Souq.
 - Hammam al-Bayadah built.
 
 - 1472 - Khan al-Burghul built in Al-Madina Souq.
 - 1491 - Hammam Yalbugha built.
 
16th century
-  1500
- Cathedral of Our Lady of Syrians built.
 - Church of the Dormition of Our Lady renovated.
 
 - 1509 - Bab al-Hadid (gate) rebuilt.
 - 1516 - Ottoman Selim I in power.[2]
 - 1517 - Becomes part of Ottoman Empire.
 - 1534 - City becomes capital of Aleppo Eyalet.
 - 1537 - Population: 80,000.[4]
 - 1539 - Souq Khan al-Nahhaseen built in Al-Madina Souq.
 - 1546 - Khan al-Shouneh built in Al-Madina Souq.
 - 1547 - Khusruwiyah Mosque built.
 - 1548 - Consulate of Republic of Venice established.[5]
 - 1557 - Al-Adiliyah Mosque built (approximate date).
 - 1562 - Consulate of France established.[5]
 - 1583 - Consulate of England established.[5]
 
17th-18th centuries

Aleppo, 1754
- 1603 - Beit Wakil (mansion) built.
 - 1622 - Levant Company in business.[6]
 - 1613 - Consulate of the Netherlands established.[5]
 - 1629 - Guild of "makers of swords, knives, daggers, bows, and shields" organized.[7]
 - 1682 - Souq Khan al-Wazir built in Al-Madina Souq.
 - 1683 - Population: 115,000.[4]
 - 1706 - Printing press established.[8]
 - 1724 - Al-Ahmadiyah Madrasa established.
 - 1730 - Madrasa Ridaiya established.
 
19th century
- 1805 - Uprising.[1]
 - 1812 - Earthquake;[9] citadel collapses.[10]
 - 1814 - "Janissary massacre."[1]
 - 1822 - Earthquake.[3]
 - 1823
 - 1827 - Plague.[12]
 - 1830 - Earthquake.[2]
 -  1832
- Ibrahim Pasha takes city for Muhammad Ali of Egypt.
 - Cholera oubreak.[12]
 
 - 1834 - Military barracks built in the Citadel.
 - 1840 - Mohammed Ali relinquishes power.
 -  1850
- City besieged by Beduins.[2]
 - Massacre of Aleppo (1850).
 
 - 1853 - Pogrom of Jews.
 - 1858 - Population: 70,000 (approximate).[3]
 - 1859 - Terre-Sainte College opens.
 - 1864 - City becomes capital of Aleppo Vilayet.
 - 1868 - Municipal council formed.
 - 1873 - Saint Elias Cathedral built.
 - 1875 - Pogrom of Jews.
 - 1878 - Population: 95,000 (approximate).[2]
 - 1885 - Aleppo chamber of commerce founded.
 - 1892 - Thanawiyyat al-Ma'mun (school) opens.[13]
 - 1899 - Bab al-Faraj Clock Tower built.
 
20th century

Aleppo Nestlé building; Tilel street 1920s, postcard by Wattar Brothers
- 1901 - Ades Synagogue established.
 - 1906 - Hama-Aleppo railway in operation.[14]
 - 1909 - Abd al-Wahab al-Inklizi becomes mayor.[15]
 - 1910
 - 1911 - Baron Hotel in business.
 - 1912 - Baghdad Railway in operation.[5]
 - 1916 - Aleppo College established.
 - 1918 - Ihsan al-Jabiri becomes mayor.[15]
 - 1920 - Syria mandated to the French; city becomes capital of State of Aleppo.
 - 1922 - Red Hand Society organized (approximate date).[15]
 - 1924
 - 1925 - Al-Yarmouk Sporting Club formed.
 - 1927 - al-Hadith journal begins publication.[18]
 - 1931 - National Museum of Aleppo founded.
 - 1933 - Grand Serail d'Alep opens.
 - 1936 - al-Nazir newspaper begins publication.[19]
 -  1945
- National Library of Aleppo and Club d'Alep open.
 
 - 1947 - Pogrom of Jews.
 -  1948
- People's Party established.
 - Al-Baladi Stadium opens.
 
 -  1949
- Aleppo Public Park created.
 - Al-Ittihad Sports Club and Jalaa FC formed.
 
 -  1950
- Population: 362,500.
 - al-Nass newspaper begins publication (approximate date).[15]
 
 - 1952 - Hurriya Sporting Club formed.
 - 1958 - University of Aleppo established.
 - 1963 - Nasserist insurgency.
 -  1965
- Population: ca. 500,000 [20]
 - Chemins de Fer Syriens headquartered in city.
 
 - 1970 - Our Lady of Assumption church opens.
 - 1971 - Statue of Qustaki al-Himsi erected in Liberty Square.
 - 1975 - Popular Traditions Museum opens in Beit Achiqbash.
 - 1977 - International School of Aleppo established.
 - 1979 - Aleppo Artillery School massacre took place by the Islamic Brotherhood.
 - 1980 - Siege of Aleppo.
 - 1983 - International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas seed bank founded.
 - 1986 - Al-Hamadaniah Stadium opens.
 - 1990 - Population: 1,216,000.
 - 1994 - Aleppo Citadel Museum opens.
 - 1997 - Lycée Français d'Alep established.
 
21st century
See also: Timeline of the Syrian Civil War
- 2002 - Private University of Science and Arts established.
 - 2004 - Population: 2,132,100.
 - 2006 - City designated an Islamic Capital of Culture.[21]
 - 2007 - Aleppo International Stadium opens.
 - 2008 - Sabah Fakhri Institute of music opened.[22]
 -  2012
- 10 February: Bombings.[23]
 - 18 March: Bombing.
 - 4 May: Protest and crackdown.[23]
 - 19 July: Battle of Aleppo begins.
 - 9 September: Bombing near the 7 April Stadium.
 - 3 October: Bombing in Saadallah Al-Jabiri Square.
 
 -  2013
- 15 January: Aleppo University bombings.
 - 19 March: Chemical weapon attack by militants.
 
 
See also
- History of Aleppo
 - Ancient City of Aleppo
 - List of churches in Aleppo
 - List of mosques in Aleppo
 - List of rulers of Aleppo
 
- Other cities in Syria
 
References
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 "Aleppo", Encyclopaedia Britannica (11th ed.), New York, 1910, OCLC 14782424
 - 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 "Aleppo", Palestine and Syria, Leipsig: Karl Baedeker, 1876
 - 1 2 3 4 5 "Aleppo", Handbook for Travellers in Syria and Palestine, London: J. Murray, 1858, OCLC 2300777
 - 1 2 Andre Raymond (1984). "The Population of Aleppo in the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries according to Ottoman Census Documents". International Journal of Middle East Studies 16. JSTOR 163151.
 - 1 2 3 4 5 C. Edmund Bosworth, ed. (2007). "Aleppo". Historic Cities of the Islamic World. Leiden: Koninklijke Brill. p. 6. ISBN 9004153888.
 - ↑ "Aleppo". Blackwood's Magazine 200. 1916.
 - ↑ Abdul-Karim Rafeq (2008). "Economic Organization of Cities in Ottoman Syria". In Peter Sluglett. Urban Social History of the Middle East, 1750-1950. NY: Syracuse University Press. ISBN 9780815631941.
 - ↑ Henri Bouchot (1890). "Topographical index of the principal towns where early printing presses were established". In H. Grevel. The book: its printers, illustrators, and binders, from Gutenberg to the present time. H. Grevel & Co.
 - ↑ History of Dates, J.M. Dent, London, 1954
 - ↑ "A history of cities in 50 buildings", The Guardian (UK), 2015
 - ↑ Jedidiah Morse; Richard C. Morse (1823), "Aleppo", New Universal Gazetteer (4th ed.), New Haven: S. Converse
 - 1 2 "Aleppo", Chambers's Encyclopaedia, London: W. & R. Chambers, 1901
 - ↑ Keith David Watenpaugh (2006), Being modern in the Middle East, Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, ISBN 9780691121697, 0691121699
 - ↑ Lewis R. Freeman (1915). "Railway Lines of Syria and Palestine". Railway Age Gazette.
 - 1 2 3 4 Sami Moubayed (2006), Steel & Silk, Seattle, USA: Cune Press, ISBN 9781885942401
 - ↑ Keith David Watenpaugh (2012), "Being middle class and being Arab: sectarian dilemmas and middle-class modernity in the Arab Middle East, 1908-1936", in A. Ricardo López, The making of the middle class, Durham: Duke University Press, ISBN 9780822351177
 - ↑ Arnold H. Green (1988). "The History of Libraries in the Arab World: A Diffusionist Model". Libraries & Culture 23: 454–473. JSTOR 25542092.
 - ↑ Encyclopedia of Arabic Literature. Taylor & Francis. 1998. ISBN 9780415185714.
 - ↑ Keith D. Watenpaugh (2003). "Middle-Class Modernity and the Persistence of the Politics of Notables in Inter-War Syria". International Journal of Middle East Studies 35. JSTOR 3879620.
 - ↑ Der Volks-Brockhaus, Wiesbaden, 1965
 - ↑ "Capitals of Islamic Culture". Morocco: Islamic Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization. Retrieved 21 January 2013.
 - ↑ Karin van Nieuwkerk (2011), Muslim rap, halal soaps, and revolutionary theater: artistic developments in the Muslim world, Austin, Tex: University of Texas Press, ISBN 9780292726819
 - 1 2 Encyclopaedia Britannica Book of the Year. 2013. ISBN 978-1-62513-103-4.
 
Further reading
- Published in the 18th-19th century
 
- Alexander Russell (1756), "Description of the City of Aleppo", The Natural History of Aleppo, and Parts Adjacent, London: Printed for A. Millar, OCLC 13595445
 - H. A. S. Dearborn (1819), "Aleppo", A Memoir on the Commerce and Navigation of the Black Sea, Boston: Wells & Lilly
 - Henry Teonge (1825), "('Description of this cytty of Aleppo'...)", The Diary of Henry Teonge, chaplain on board His Majesty's ships Assistance, Bristol, and Royal Oak, anno 1675 to 1679, London: Charles Knight
 - Josiah Conder (1834), "Aleppo", Dictionary of Geography, Ancient and Modern, London: T. Tegg
 - John MacGregor (1844). "Trade of Aleppo". Commercial Statistics. London: C. Knight and Co.
 - J. Willoughby Rosse (1858). "Aleppo". Index of Dates ... Facts in the Chronology and History of the World. London: H.G. Bohn – via Hathi Trust.
 - "Aleppo", Palestine and Syria (3rd ed.), Leipsig: Karl Baedeker, 1898
 
- Published in the 20th century
 
- "Aleppo", Palestine and Syria (5th ed.), Leipzig: Karl Baedeker, 1912
 - Hector William Dinning (1920), "Aleppo", Nile to Aleppo, London: G. Allen & Unwin
 - Yasser Tabbaa. "Circles of Power: Palace, Citadel, and City in Ayyubid Aleppo." Ars Orientalis 23 (1993): 181-200.
 - Noelle Watson, ed. (1996). "Aleppo, Syria". International Dictionary of Historic Places: Middle East and Africa. UK: Routledge. ISBN 1884964036.
 
- Published in the 21st century
 
- David Dean Commins (2004). "Aleppo". Historical Dictionary of Syria. Scarecrow Press. ISBN 978-0-8108-4934-1.
 - Josef W. Meri, ed. (2006). "Aleppo". Medieval Islamic Civilization. Routledge. ISBN 978-0-415-96691-7.
 - Gabor Agoston; Bruce Alan Masters (2009). "Aleppo". Encyclopedia of the Ottoman Empire. Facts on File. ISBN 978-1-4381-1025-7.
 
External links
| Wikimedia Commons has media related to History of Aleppo. | 
- Michel Ecochard. "Aleppo Album". Regional Surveys. ArchNet. 1930s-1940s
 - ArchNet. "Aleppo". Archived from the original on 30 October 2013.
 - Europeana. Items related to Aleppo
 - Digital Public Library of America. Items related to Aleppo
 
Coordinates: 36°13′N 37°10′E / 36.217°N 37.167°E
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