United States Senate elections, 1812 and 1813

Dates vary by state

12 of the 36 seats in the United States Senate (plus special elections) 19 seats needed for a majority

	Majority party	Minority party

Party	Democratic-Republican	Federalist
Last election	27 seats (79.4%)	7 seats (20.6%)
Seats before	30 (83.3%)	6 (16.7%)
Seats won	28 (77.8%)	8 (22.2%)
Seat change	2	2
Seats up	10	2

Majority party before election

Democratic-Republican

Elected Majority party

Democratic-Republican

The United States Senate elections of 1812 and 1813 were elections that, coinciding with President James Madison's re-election, had the Democratic-Republican Party lose two seats but still retain an overwhelming majority in the United States Senate. As in recent elections, the minority Federalists had gone into the elections with such a small share of Senate seats (6 out of 36, or 16.7%) that they had won every one of the elections, they would still not have controlled a majority.

As these elections were prior to ratification of the seventeenth amendment, Senators were chosen by State legislatures.

Change in Senate composition

Before the elections

Composition after September 1812 elections in the new state of Louisiana.

DR₈	DR₇	DR₆	DR₅	DR₄	DR₃	DR₂	DR₁
DR₉	DR₁₀	DR₁₁	DR₁₂	DR₁₃	DR₁₄	DR₁₅	DR₁₆	DR₁₇	DR₁₈
Majority →									DR₁₉
DR₂₈	DR₂₇	DR₂₆	DR₂₅	DR₂₄	DR₂₃	DR₂₂	DR₂₁	DR₂₀
DR₂₉	DR₃₀	F₆	F₅	F₄	F₃	F₂	F₁

Beginning of the next Congress

DR₈	DR₇	DR₆	DR₅	DR₄	DR₃	DR₂	DR₁
DR₉	DR₁₀	DR₁₁	DR₁₂	DR₁₃	DR₁₄	DR₁₅	DR₁₆	DR₁₇	DR₁₈
Majority →									DR₁₉
DR₂₈ Hold	DR₂₇ Hold	DR₂₆ Hold	DR₂₅ Hold	DR₂₄ Hold	DR₂₃ Hold	DR₂₂ Re-elected	DR₂₁ Re-elected	DR₂₀
F₈ Gain	F₇ Gain*	F₆ Hold*	F₅ Re-elected	F₄	F₃	F₂	F₁

Note:

F₆ (New Hampshire seat): Incumbent Federalist lost re-election, but successor Federalist was elected late in 1813, after this Congress began.
F₇ (Maryland seat): Incumbent Democratic-Republican lost re-election, but successor Federalist was elected late in 1813, after this Congress began.

Key:

DR_#	Democratic-Republican
F_#	Federalist
V_#	Vacant

Race summaries

Bold states link to specific election articles.

Special elections during the 12th Congress

In these special elections, the winners were seated during 1812 or before March 4, 1813; ordered by election date.

State	Incumbent			Results	Candidates
State	Senator	Party	Electoral history	Results	Candidates
Louisiana (Class 3)	New seat			Louisiana was admitted to the Union on April 30, 1812. Inaugural Senator elected September 3, 1812 for the term ending March 4, 1813. Democratic-Republican gain.	√ Allan Magruder (Democratic-Republican) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
Louisiana (Class 2)	New seat			Louisiana was admitted to the Union on April 30, 1812. Inaugural Senator elected September 3, 1812 for the term ending March 4, 1817. Democratic-Republican gain.	√ Jean Destréhan (Democratic-Republican) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
	Thomas Posey	Democratic- Republican	1812 (Appointed)	Jean Destréhan (DR) had resigned October 1, 1812 without having qualified. Interim successor appointed October 8, 1812 to continue the term ending March 4, 1817. Appointee lost election to finish the term. Successor elected February 4, 1813, to finish the term ending March 4, 1817. Democratic-Republican hold.	√ James Brown (Democratic-Republican) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]

Races leading to the 13th Congress

In these general elections, the winner was seated on March 4, 1813 (except where noted due to late election); ordered by state.

All of the elections involved the Class 3 seats.

State	Incumbent			Results	Candidates
State	Senator	Party	Electoral history	Results	Candidates
Connecticut	Chauncey Goodrich	Federalist	1807 (Special)	Incumbent re-elected.	√ Chauncey Goodrich (Federalist) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
Georgia	Charles Tait	Democratic- Republican	1809 (Special)	Incumbent re-elected.	√ Charles Tait (Democratic-Republican) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
Kentucky	John Pope	Democratic- Republican	1807 (Elected)	[Data unknown/missing. You can help!] Winner elected. Democratic-Republican hold.	√ Jesse Bledsoe (Democratic-Republican) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
Louisiana	Allan B. Magruder	Democratic- Republican	1812 (Elected)	[Data unknown/missing. You can help!] Winner elected in 1813. Democratic-Republican hold.	√ Eligius Fromentin (Democratic-Republican) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
Maryland	Philip Reed	Democratic- Republican	1806 (Special) 1806 (Re-elected)	Legislature failed to elect and term began with the seat vacant. Democratic-Republican loss.	[Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
New Hampshire	Charles Cutts	Federalist	1810 (Special)	Legislature failed to elect and term began with the seat vacant. Federalist loss.	[Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
New York	John Smith	Democratic- Republican	1804 (Special) 1807 (Re-elected)	Incumbent lost re-election Winner elected February 2, 1813. Federalist gain.	√ Rufus King (Federalist) 51.5% James W. Wilkin (Democratic-Republican) 46.2% John Smith (Democratic-Republican) 2.3%^[1]
North Carolina	Jesse Franklin	Democratic- Republican	1799 (Elected, Class 2) 1804 (Lost re-election) 1806 (Elected again)	Incumbent retired. Winner elected in 1813. Democratic-Republican hold.	√ David Stone (Democratic-Republican) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
Ohio	Alexander Campbell	Democratic- Republican	1809 (Special)	Incumbent retired. Winner elected in 1813. Democratic-Republican hold.	√ Jeremiah Morrow (Democratic-Republican) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
Pennsylvania	Andrew Gregg	Democratic- Republican	1806 (Elected)	Incumbent retired. Winner elected in 1812. Democratic-Republican hold.	√ Abner Lacock (Democratic-Republican) Daniel Montgomery, Jr. (Democratic-Republican) James Brady (Independent) 17.46% Isaac Weaver (Democratic-Republican) 4.76% Not voting 7.14%
South Carolina	John Gaillard	Democratic- Republican	1804 (Special) 1806 (Re-elected)	Incumbent re-elected.	√ John Gaillard (Democratic-Republican) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
Vermont	Stephen R. Bradley	Democratic- Republican	1791 (Elected) 1795 (Lost re-election) 1801 (Special) 1807 (Re-elected)	Incumbent retired. Winner elected in 1813. Democratic-Republican hold.	√ Dudley Chase (Democratic-Republican) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]

Special elections during the 13th Congress

In these special elections, the winners were seated in 1813 after March 4; ordered by election date.

State	Incumbent			Results	Candidates
State	Senator	Party	Electoral history	Results	Candidates
Massachusetts (Class 1)	James Lloyd (F)	Federalist	1808 (Special) 1809 (Re-elected)	Resigned May 1, 1813. Winner elected May 5, 1813. Federalist hold.	√ Christopher Gore (Federalist) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
Connecticut (Class 3)	Chauncey Goodrich	Federalist	1807 (Special) 1812 (Re-elected)	Incumbent resigned May 13, 1813 to become Lieutenant Governor of Connecticut. Winner elected May 13, 1813 to finish the term ending March 4, 1819. Federalist hold.	√ David Daggett (Federalist) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
Maryland (Class 3)	Vacant			Legislature had failed to elect to the term starting March 4, 1813. Winner elected May 21, 1813 to finish the term ending March 4, 1819. Federalist gain.	√ Robert Henry Goldsborough (Federalist) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
Delaware (Class 2)	James A. Bayard	Federalist	1804 (Elected) 1805 (Re-elected) 1811 (Re-elected)	Resigned March 3, 1813. Winner elected May 21, 1813 to finish the term ending March 4, 1817. Federalist hold.	√ William H. Wells (Federalist) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
New Hampshire (Class 3)	Vacant			Legislature had failed to elect to the term starting March 4, 1813. Interim Senator appointed April 2, 1813 to continue the term ending March 4, 1819. Winner elected June 10, 1813 to finish the term ending March 4, 1819. Federalist gain.	√ Jeremiah Mason (Federalist) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
Georgia (Class 2)	William Bulloch	Democratic- Republican	1807 (Special)	William H. Crawford (DR) resigned March 23, 1813 to become U.S. Minister to France. Interim Senator appointed April 8, 1813 to continue the term ending March 4, 1817. Winner elected November 6, 1813 to finish the term ending March 4, 1817. Democratic-Republican hold.	√ William Wyatt Bibb (Democratic-Republican) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]

References

↑ "NY US Senate". Our Campaigns. August 8, 2012. Retrieved February 23, 2015.

Party Division in the Senate, 1789-Present, via Senate.gov

United States Senate elections

1788/89 1790/91 1792/93 1794/95 1796/97 1798/99 1800/01 1802/03 1804/05 1806/07 1808/09 1810/11 1812/13 1814/15 1816/17 1818/19 1820/21 1822/23 1824/25 1826/27 1828/29 1830/31 1832/33 1834/35 1836/37 1838/39 1840/41 1842/43 1844/45 1846/47 1848/49 1850/51 1852/53 1854/55 1856/57 1858/59 1860/61 1862/63 1864/65 1866 1868 1870 1872 1874 1876 1878/79 1880 1882 1884 1886 1888/89 1890 1892 1894 1896 1898 1900 1902 1904 1906 1908 1910 1912/13 1914 1916 1918 1920 1922 1924 1926 1928 1930 1932 1934 1936 1938 1940 1942 1944 1946 1948 1950 1952 1954 1956 1958 1960 1962 1964 1966 1968 1970 1972 1974 1976 1978 1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 2018 2020

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