United States Senate elections, 2012

United States Senate elections, 2012

November 6, 2012

Class 1 (33 of the 100) seats in the U.S. Senate 51 seats needed for a majority   Majority party Minority party   Leader Harry Reid Mitch McConnell Party Democratic Republican Leader's seat Nevada Kentucky Seats before 51 47 Seats after 53 45 Seat change 2 2 Popular vote 49,998,693 [1] 39,130,984 [1] Percentage 53.7% 42.1% Swing 9.7% 7.3% Seats up 21 10 Races won 23 8   Third party   Party Independent Seats before 2 Seats after 2 Seat change Seats up 2 Races won 2

Democratic gain      Democratic hold      Independent gain      Independent hold      Republican gain      Republican hold

Majority Leader before election Harry Reid Democratic Elected Majority Leader Harry Reid Democratic

Elections to the United States Senate were held on November 6, 2012, with 33 of the 100 seats in the Senate being contested in regular elections whose winners will serve six-year terms beginning January 3, 2013 with the 113th Congress. The Democrats had 21 seats up for election, plus two independents who caucused with the Democrats, while the Republicans had only ten seats up for election. The Democrats gained a net of two seats, leaving them with a total of 53 seats. The Republicans lost a net of two seats, ending with a total of 45 seats. The remaining two senators, both independents, caucused with the Democrats, leaving the majority party with a combined total of 55 seats.

The 2012 presidential election, elections to the House of Representatives, elections for governors in 13 states and territories, and many state and local elections were also held on this date.

This was the third consecutive election of class 1 senators where Democrats gained seats, as well as the third consecutive Senate election held in a presidential election year where the party belonging to the winning presidential candidate gained seats.

This was the first time since 1964 in which either party had to defend more than two-thirds of the Senate seats up for grabs, but managed to make net gains.^[2][3]

Results summary

Shading indicates party with largest share of that line.

Parties									Total
		Democratic	Republican	Independent	Libertarian	Independence	Green	Others
Last election (2010)		51	47	2	—	—	—	—	100
Before this election		51	47	2	—	—	—	—	100
Not up		30	37	—	—	—	—	—	67
	Class 2 (2008→2014)	20	13	—	—	—	—	—	33
	Class 3 (2010→2016)	10	24	—	—	—	—	—	34
Up		21	10	2	—	—	—	—	33
	Class 1	21	10	2	—	—	—	—	33
Incumbent retired		6	3	1	—	—	—	—	10
	Held by same party	5	2	—	—	—	—	—	7
	Replaced by other party	1 Independent replaced by 1 Democrat 1 Republican replaced by 1 Independent 1 Democrat replaced by 1 Republican			—	—	—	—	3
	Result	6	3	1	—	—	—	—	10
Incumbent ran		15	7	1	—	—	—	—	23
	Won re-election	15	5	1	—	—	—	—	21
	Lost re-election	1 Republican replaced by 1 Democrat		—	—	—	—	—	1
	Lost renomination but held by same party	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
	Lost renomination and party lost	1 Republican replaced by 1 Democrat		—	—	—	—	—	1
	Result	17	5	1	—	—	—	—	23
Total elected		23	8	2	—	—	—	—	33
Net gain/loss		2	2		—	—	—	—
Nationwide vote		49,988,282	39,128,301	961,282	956,745	211,794	195,200	1,349,079	93,561,320[4]
	Share	53.43%	41.82%	1.03%	1.02%	0.23%	0.21%	1.44%	100%
Result		53	45	2	—	—	—	—	100
End of this Congress		51	47	2	—	—	—	—	100

Change in composition

Before the elections

D1	D2	D3	D4	D5	D6	D7	D8	D9	D10
D20	D19	D18	D17	D16	D15	D14	D13	D12	D11
D21	D22	D23	D24	D25	D26	D27	D28	D29	D30
D40 Ran	D39 Ran	D38 Ran	D37 Ran	D36 Ran	D35 Ran	D34 Ran	D33 Ran	D32 Ran	D31 Ran
D41 Ran	D42 Ran	D43 Ran	D44 Ran	D45 Ran	D46 Retired	D47 Retired	D48 Retired	D49 Retired	D50 Retired
Majority→
R41 Ran	R42 Ran	R43 Ran	R44 Ran	R45 Retired	R46 Retired	R47 Retired	I2 Retired	I1 Ran	D51 Retired
R40 Ran	R39 Ran	R38 Ran	R37	R36	R35	R34	R33	R32	R31
R21	R22	R23	R24	R25	R26	R27	R28	R29	R30
R20	R19	R18	R17	R16	R15	R14	R13	R12	R11
R1	R2	R3	R4	R5	R6	R7	R8	R9	R10

As a result of the elections

D1	D2	D3	D4	D5	D6	D7	D8	D9	D10
D20	D19	D18	D17	D16	D15	D14	D13	D12	D11
D21	D22	D23	D24	D25	D26	D27	D28	D29	D30
D40 Re-elected	D39 Re-elected	D38 Re-elected	D37 Re-elected	D36 Re-elected	D35 Re-elected	D34 Re-elected	D33 Re-elected	D32 Re-elected	D31 Re-elected
D41 Re-elected	D42 Re-elected	D43 Re-elected	D44 Re-elected	D45 Re-elected	D46 Hold	D47 Hold	D48 Hold	D49 Hold	D50 Hold
Majority→
R41 Re-elected	R42 Re-elected	R43 Hold	R44 Hold	R45 Gain from Democrat	I2 Gain from Republican	I1 Re-elected	D53 Gain from Independent	D52 Gain from Republican	D51 Gain from Republican
R40 Re-elected	R39 Re-elected	R38 Re-elected	R37	R36	R35	R34	R33	R32	R31
R21	R22	R23	R24	R25	R26	R27	R28	R29	R30
R20	R19	R18	R17	R16	R15	R14	R13	R12	R11
R1	R2	R3	R4	R5	R6	R7	R8	R9	R10

Key:	D# =Democratic R# =Republican I# =Independent, caucusing with Democrats

Race summary

Races leading to the next Congress

In these general elections, the winner was seated on January 3, 2013; ordered by state. Percentages may not add to 100% due to rounding & omission of minor candidates.

All of the elections involved the Class 1 seats.

Sources:

• "U.S. Elections - Detailed Results". The Wall Street Journal. November 25, 2012. Retrieved November 26, 2012.
• "Senate Map - Election 2012". The New York Times. November 25, 2012. Retrieved November 26, 2012.
• "Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections".

State (linked to summary articles, below)	Incumbent			Result	Candidates (Winner in bold)
	Senator	Party	Electoral history
Arizona	Jon Kyl	Republican	1994 2000 2006	Incumbent retired.[5] Republican hold.	√ Jeff Flake (Republican) 49.2%[6] Richard Carmona (Democratic) 46.1%[7] Marc Victor (Libertarian) 4.6%[8]
California	Dianne Feinstein	Democratic	1992 (Special) 1994 2000 2006	Incumbent re-elected.	√ Dianne Feinstein (Democratic) 62.5% Elizabeth Emken (Republican) 37.5%[9]
Connecticut	Joe Lieberman	Independent	1988 1994 2000 2006	Incumbent retired.[10] Democratic gain	√ Chris Murphy (Democratic) 54.8% [11] Linda McMahon (Republican) 43.1%[12] Paul Passarelli (Libertarian) 1.7%[13]
Delaware	Tom Carper	Democratic	2000 2006	Incumbent re-elected.	√ Tom Carper (Democratic) 66.4% Kevin Wade (Republican) 29.0% [14] Alex Pires (Independent) 3.8%[15] Andrew Groff (Green) 0.8%
Florida	Bill Nelson	Democratic	2000 2006	Incumbent re-elected.	√ Bill Nelson (Democratic) 55.2% Connie Mack IV(Republican) 42.2% [16] Chris Borgia 1.0% (Independent)[17] Bill Gaylor (Independent) 1.5% [18][19]
Hawaii	Daniel Akaka	Democratic	1990 (Appointed) 1990 (Special) 1994 2000 2006	Incumbent retired.[20] Democratic hold.	√ Mazie Hirono (Democratic) 62.6% Linda Lingle (Republican) 37.4%
Indiana	Richard Lugar	Republican	1976 1982 1988 1994 2000 2006	Incumbent lost renomination[21] Democratic gain	√ Joe Donnelly (Democratic) 50.0% Richard Mourdock (Republican) 44.2% Andrew Horning (Libertarian) 5.7% [22]
Maine	Olympia Snowe	Republican	1994 2000 2006	Incumbent retired.[23] Independent gain	√ Angus King (Independent) 52.9% Charles E. Summers, Jr. (Republican) 30.7% Cynthia Dill (Democratic) 13.3% [24] Danny F. Dalton (Independent) 0.8% Andrew Ian Dodge (Libertarian) 0.8%[25]
Maryland	Ben Cardin	Democratic	2006	Incumbent re-elected.	√ Ben Cardin (Democratic) 56.0% Dan Bongino (Republican) 26.3%[26] Rob Sobhani (Independent) 16.4% [27] Dean Ahmad (Libertarian) 1.2% [28]
Massachusetts	Scott Brown	Republican	2010 (Special)	Incumbent lost re-election. Democratic gain	√ Elizabeth Warren (Democratic) 53.7% Scott Brown (Republican) 46.3%
Michigan	Debbie Stabenow	Democratic	2000 2006	Incumbent re-elected.	√ Debbie Stabenow (Democratic) 58.8% Pete Hoekstra (Republican) 38.0% [29] Scotty Boman (Libertarian) 1.8% [30] Harley Mikkelson (Republican) 0.6% Richard Matkin (Constitution) 0.6% John Litle (Natural Law) 0.2%
Minnesota	Amy Klobuchar	Democratic	2006	Incumbent re-elected.	√ Amy Klobuchar (Democratic) 65.2% Kurt Bills (Republican) 30.6% Stephen Williams (Independence) 2.6% Tim Davis 1.1% (Grassroots) Michael Cavlan 0.5% (Open Progressive)
Mississippi	Roger Wicker	Republican	2007 (Appointed) 2008 (Special)	Incumbent re-elected.	√ Roger Wicker (Republican) 57.2% Albert N. Gore, Jr. (Democratic) 40.6% [31] Thomas Cramer (Constitution Party) 1.2% Shawn O'Hara (Reform) 1%
Missouri	Claire McCaskill	Democratic	2006	Incumbent re-elected.	√ Claire McCaskill (Democratic) 54.8% Todd Akin (Republican) 39.0% [32] Jonathan Dine (Libertarian) 6.1%
Montana	Jon Tester	Democratic	2006	Incumbent re-elected.	√ Jon Tester (Democratic) 48.6% Denny Rehberg (Republican) 44.9% [33] Dan Cox (Libertarian) 6.6%
Nebraska	Ben Nelson	Democratic	2000 2006	Incumbent retired.[34] Republican gain	√ Deb Fischer (Republican) 57.8% [35] Bob Kerrey (Democratic) 42.2% [36]
Nevada	Dean Heller	Republican	2011 (Appointed)	Incumbent elected to 1st term after appointment	√ Dean Heller (Republican) 45.9% Shelley Berkley (Democratic) 44.7% David Lory VanderBeek (Independent American) 4.9% None of These Candidates 4.5%
New Jersey	Bob Menendez	Democratic	2006 (Appointed) 2006	Incumbent re-elected.	√ Bob Menendez (Democratic) 58.9% Joe Kyrillos (Republican) 39.4% [37] Ken Kaplan (Libertarian) 0.5% Ken Wolski (Green) 0.5% Gavin Bard (Independent)[38] Larry Donahue (Independent)[39]
New Mexico	Jeff Bingaman	Democratic	1982 1988 1994 2000 2006	Incumbent retired.[40] Democratic hold.	√ Martin Heinrich (Democratic) 51.0% [41] Heather Wilson (Republican) 45.3% Jon Barrie (IAP) 3.6% Robert L. Anderson (write-in) 0.1%
New York	Kirsten Gillibrand	Democratic	2009 (Appointed) 2010 (Special)	Incumbent re-elected.	√ Kirsten Gillibrand (Democratic) 71.6% Wendy E. Long (Republican) 27.0% [42] Colia Clark (Green) 0.6% Chris Edes (Libertarian) 0.5% John Mangelli (Common Sense) 0.34% Write-Ins 0.03%
North Dakota	Kent Conrad	Democratic	1986 1992 (Retired) 1992 (Special) 1994 2000 2006	Incumbent retired.[43] Democratic hold.	√ Heidi Heitkamp (Democratic) 50.24% [44] Rick Berg (Republican) 49.32% Other candidates 0.44%
Ohio	Sherrod Brown	Democratic	2006	Incumbent re-elected.	√ Sherrod Brown (Democratic) 50.7% Josh Mandel (Republican) 44.7% [45] Scott A. Rupert (Independent) 4.6%
Pennsylvania	Bob Casey, Jr.	Democratic	2006	Incumbent re-elected.	√ Bob Casey, Jr. (Democratic) 53.7% Tom Smith (Republican) 44.6% [46] Rayburn Douglas Smith (Libertarian) 1.7%
Rhode Island	Sheldon Whitehouse	Democratic	2006	Incumbent re-elected.	√ Sheldon Whitehouse (Democratic) 64.8% Barry Hinckley (Republican) 35.0%[47] Write-ins 0.2%
Tennessee	Bob Corker	Republican	2006	Incumbent re-elected.	√ Bob Corker (Republican) 64.9% Mark Clayton (Democratic) 30.4% Martin Pleasant (Green) 1.7% Dr. Shaun Crowell (Libertarian) 0.9% Kermit Steck (Constitution) 0.8%
Texas	Kay Bailey Hutchison	Republican	1993 (Special) 1994 2000 2006	Incumbent retired.[48] Republican hold.	√ Ted Cruz (Republican) 56.5%[49] Paul Sadler (Democratic) 40.7%[50] John Jay Myers (Libertarian) 2.1%[51] David Collins (Green) 0.9%
Utah	Orrin Hatch	Republican	1976 1982 1988 1994 2000 2006	Incumbent re-elected.	√ Orrin Hatch (Republican) 65.3% Scott Howell (Democratic) 30.0% Shaun Lynn McCausland 3.2% Daniel Geery (UT Justice) 0.83%
Vermont	Bernie Sanders	Independent	2006	Incumbent re-elected.	√ Bernie Sanders (Independent) 71% John MacGovern (Republican) 24.9% Cris Ericson (Marijuana*) 2%[52] Pete Diamondstone (Liberty Union) 0.9% Peter Moss (Peace and Prosperity) 0.8% Laurel LaFramboise (VoteKISS) 0.3%
Virginia	Jim Webb	Democratic	2006	Incumbent retired.[53] Democratic hold.	√ Tim Kaine (Democratic) 52.9% George Allen (Republican) 47.0%[54] Write-ins 0.17%
Washington	Maria Cantwell	Democratic	2000 2006	Incumbent re-elected.	√ Maria Cantwell (Democratic) 60.5% Michael Baumgartner (Republican) 39.5%[55]
West Virginia	Joe Manchin	Democratic	2010 (Special)	Incumbent re-elected.	√ Joe Manchin (Democratic) 60.6% John Raese (Republican) 36.5% [56] Bob Henry Baber 3.0% (Mountain)
Wisconsin	Herb Kohl	Democratic	1988 1994 2000 2006	Incumbent retired.[57] Democratic hold.	√ Tammy Baldwin (Democratic) 51.4% Tommy Thompson (Republican) 45.9% Joseph Kexel (Libertarian) 2.1% Nimrod Y U Allen III (IDEA) 0.6% Write-ins 0.1%
Wyoming	John Barrasso	Republican	2007 (Appointed) 2008 (Special)	Incumbent re-elected.	√ John Barrasso (Republican) 75.7% Tim Chesnut (Democratic) 21.7% Joel Otto (Country) 2.5% Write-ins 2%
State (linked to summary articles, below)	Senator	Party	Electoral history	Result	Candidates (Winner in bold)
	Incumbent

Special elections during the next Congress

In this special election, the winner was elected in 2013 after January 3; ordered by election date.

State (linked to election articles)	Incumbent			Results	Candidates
	Senator	Party	Electoral history
Massachusetts	Mo Cowan	Democratic	2013 (Appointed)	Appointee retired. Winner elected June 25, 2013. Democratic hold.	√ Ed Markey (Democratic) 54.8% Gabriel E. Gomez (Republican) 44.8%
New Jersey	Jeffrey Chiesa	Republican	2013 (Appointed)	Appointee retired. Winner elected October 16, 2013. Democratic gain.	√ Cory Booker (Democratic) 54.9% Steve Lonegan (Republican) 44.0%

Final predictions before the election

The table below gives an overview of some final predictions of several well-known institutes and people. What can be seen is that while there were very few mistakes (predictions in the wrong direction; essentially only Montana and North Dakota, by both Sabato's Crystal Ball and FiveThirtyEight), FiveThirtyEight and Princeton Election Consortium had 2-4 races in the Lean categories and no tossups, whereas all other sources had at least eleven races in the middle three categories, and in particular many Tossup races.

Source	Safe Democratic	Likely Democratic	Leans Democratic	Tossup	Leans Republican	Likely Republican	Safe Republican
Consensus among all predictions	California Delaware Maryland Minnesota New York Rhode Island Vermont*						Mississippi Tennessee Texas Utah Wyoming
Roll Call (updates)	New Jersey Washington West Virginia	Hawaii Maine^† Michigan New Mexico	Connecticut* Florida Massachusetts Missouri Ohio Pennsylvania	Arizona Indiana Montana North Dakota Nevada Virginia Wisconsin		Nebraska
Sabato's Crystal Ball as of November 5, 2012 (updates)	Washington West Virginia	Florida Hawaii Maine^† Michigan New Jersey New Mexico	Connecticut* Indiana Massachusetts Missouri Ohio Pennsylvania Virginia Wisconsin		Arizona Montana North Dakota Nevada	Nebraska
Cook Political Report as of November 1, 2012 (updates)	Washington	Michigan Missouri New Jersey West Virginia	Florida Hawaii New Mexico Ohio Pennsylvania	Arizona Connecticut* Indiana Maine^† Massachusetts Montana North Dakota Nevada Virginia Wisconsin	Nebraska
Rothenberg Political Report as of November 2, 2012 (updates)	Michigan New Jersey Washington West Virginia	Florida Hawaii Maine Missouri Pennsylvania	Connecticut* New Mexico Ohio	Arizona Indiana Massachusetts Montana North Dakota Nevada Virginia Wisconsin		Nebraska
RealClearPolitics as of November 5, 2012 (updates)		Hawaii Maine^† Michigan New Jersey New Mexico Washington West Virginia	Connecticut* Florida Missouri Ohio Pennsylvania	Indiana Massachusetts Montana Nevada North Dakota Virginia Wisconsin	Arizona Nebraska
FiveThirtyEight as of November 6, 2012 (updates)	Connecticut* Florida Hawaii Massachusetts Maine^† Michigan New Jersey New Mexico Ohio Pennsylvania Washington West Virginia	Missouri Virginia Wisconsin	Indiana		Montana	Arizona Nevada	North Dakota Nebraska
Princeton Election Consortium as of November 6, 2012	Connecticut* Florida Hawaii Massachusetts Maine^† Michigan Missouri New Jersey New Mexico Ohio Pennsylvania Virginia Washington West Virginia	Indiana	Wisconsin Montana North Dakota		Nevada	Arizona	Nebraska

* The Democrats include Independent Democrat Joe Lieberman, who ran and won as an independent in 2006 after losing the Connecticut Democratic primary, and Independent Bernie Sanders of Vermont, both of whom caucus with the Democratic Party.

^† In Maine, independent Angus King did not declare until after the election which party he would caucus with. Roll Call described the race as Likely Independent. Sabato's Crystal Ball marked it as Leans Independent/Democratic. The Cook Political Report notes King's frontrunner status but without knowing his party, treated the race as a Tossup. RealClearPolitics found that King would be likely to caucus with the Democrats, coloring the map for an independent but putting the race in the Likely Democratic column. FiveThirtyEight stated it was more likely that King caucuses with the Democrats, while officially classifying the race as Likely Independent.

Complete list of races

Senate seats up for election
Democrat running   Democrat retiring	Independent running   Independent retiring	Republican running   Republican retiring
No Senate election

Results by county

Republican >= 30%   Republican >= 40%   Republican >= 50%   Republican >= 60%   Republican >= 70%   Republican >= 80%   Republican >= 90%

Democratic >= 30%   Democratic >= 40%   Democratic >= 50%   Democratic >= 60%   Democratic >= 70%   Democratic >= 80%

Independent >= 40%   Independent >= 50%   Independent >= 60%   Independent >= 70%

Thirty-three seats were up for election:

• Six Democrats retired.
  • Five were replaced by a Democrat.
  • One was replaced by a Republican.
• Fifteen Democrats ran for re-election.
  • All were re-elected.
• One Independent who caucused with the Democrats retired.
  • He was replaced by a Democrat.
• One Independent who caucused with the Democrats ran for re-election.
  • He was re-elected.
• Three incumbent Republicans retired.
  • Two were replaced by Republicans.
  • One was replaced by an Independent who caucuses with the Democrats.
• Seven Republicans ran for re-election
  • Five were re-elected.
  • One lost to a Democrat.
  • One lost renomination and was replaced by a Democrat.

Arizona

Three-term incumbent and Senate Minority Whip Republican Jon Kyl, who was re-elected in 2006 with 53% of the vote, announced he would not seek a fourth term in 2012.^[5][58] Republican Representative Jeff Flake^[59] won the August 28 primary with 69.1% of the vote, against three contenders, including real estate investor Wil Cardon ^[60] who polled 21.2%. On the Democratic side, former U.S. Surgeon General Richard Carmona^[61] won the primary election, which was held August 28, 2012. The candidates faced Libertarian Marc Victor and independents Ian Gilyeat and Michael F. Meyer on Nov. 6.

Flake won the election with 49.7% of the vote against Carmona's 46.2% and Victor's 4.6%.

California

Three and one-third term incumbent Democrat Dianne Feinstein was re-elected in 2006 with 59% of the vote, and was re-elected.^[62] Feinstein finished first in the state's new blanket primary,^[63] in which the top two candidates advance to the general election regardless of party.

Elizabeth Emken came in second and faced Feinstein in the November election. The California Republican Party endorsed Emken.^[64]

Feinstein won with 61.6% of the vote.

Connecticut

Four term incumbent Joe Lieberman, an independent who caucused with the Democratic Party, decided not to seek re-election in 2012.^[65] Lieberman sat as a Democrat until 2006, when he was defeated by Ned Lamont in the Democratic primary; he then ran as an independent in the general election and he won. He then caucused with the Democrats as an "Independent Democrat."

Former Connecticut Secretary of the State Susan Bysiewicz^[11] and Congressman Chris Murphy competed for the Democratic nomination. Linda McMahon,^[66] the 2010 Republican Senate nominee, and former Congressmen Chris Shays competed for the GOP nomination.^[67] Murphy and McMahon won their respective primaries on August 14.^[68] They faced Libertarian Paul Passarelli in the general election.

Murphy won with 55.1% of the vote against McMahon's 43.3% and Passarelli's 1.7%.

Delaware

Two-term incumbent Democrat Tom Carper was reelected with 70% of the vote in 2006. Carper sought reelection in 2012.^[69] His Republican opponent was businessman Kevin Wade.^[70]

Carper won with 66.4% of the vote.

Florida

Two-term incumbent Democrat Bill Nelson was reelected with 60% of the vote in 2006 against controversial former Secretary of State of Florida Katherine Harris. Connie Mack IV, Representative from Florida's 14th congressional district, was the Republican nominee, having won the primary with 58.7% of the vote. The two Independents also seeking election in this race were Chris Borgia and Bill Gaylor.

Nelson won with 55.2% of the vote.

Hawaii

Four-term incumbent Democrat Daniel Akaka was re-elected in 2006, but did not seek re-election in 2012.^[71] The primary elections were held on August 11, 2012.

Former Governor Linda Lingle won the Republican nomination.^[72] In the Democratic primary, Congresswoman Mazie Hirono defeated former Congressman Ed Case, who challenged Akaka for the Democratic nomination in 2006.^[73] Lingle and Hirono previously faced each other in Hawaii's 2002 gubernatorial election, with Lingle winning with 52% of the vote.

Hirono was elected with 62.6% of the vote.

Indiana

Republican Richard Lugar, who in 2006 won his sixth term without a Democratic opponent, was defeated in the 2012 primary election by Richard Mourdock, who criticized Lugar for his willingness to vote with Democrats on key issues.^[74] According to Indiana law, Lugar could not be a candidate in the election (R) (e.g. under a third party or as independent) after losing the primary.^[75] Mourdock won the primary 61% to 39%.^[76] Congressman Joe Donnelly, the Democratic nominee, won the election against him with 50% of the vote, leaving Mourdock with 44.3% and Libertarian Andrew Horning with 5.7%.

Maine

Three-term incumbent Republican Olympia Snowe was re-elected in 2006 with 73 percent of the vote, the largest margin of any incumbent senator in 2006 in a contested election.

On February 28, 2012, Snowe suddenly announced her retirement, saying she did not want to spend another six years in the Senate's hyper-partisan environment.^[77] Popular former Governor Angus King, an independent, announced his candidacy and was considered the front-runner for the general election. King did not reveal which, if any, party he would caucus with.^[78] Scott D'Amboise, considered a conservative, announced in February 2010 that he would run against Snowe in the Republican primary.^[79] Libertarian candidate Andrew Ian Dodge also announced a challenge to Snowe.^[80] After Snowe's announcement, other Republicans got into the race, including Secretary of State Charles Summers, state Treasurer Bruce Poliquin, and former state Senator Richard A. Bennett.

Former Maine Secretary of State Matthew Dunlap, a Democrat, announced in early November 2011 that he was running in the Democratic primary. Also in November, State Representative Jon Hinck announced he would run in the Democratic primary. Democratic State Senator Cynthia Dill announced her candidacy in January.

The primary election was held on June 12. Cynthia Dill won the Democratic nomination with 44% of the vote and Charlie Summers took the Republican nomination with 32% of the vote. The two faced Independent former governor Angus King, Andrew Ian Dodge on the Libertarian line, and two other independents: Ex-DEA Agent & USAF Veteran, Danny Dalton and Yarmouth Town Council Chair, Steve Woods.

After winning the general election, King stated he would caucus with the Democrats.^[81]

Maryland

First-term incumbent Democrat Ben Cardin was elected in 2006 with 54% of the vote against former Maryland Lt. Gov. Michael S. Steele. Cardin ran against Independent candidate S. Rob Sobhani,^[82] Republican former U.S. Secret Service agent Daniel Bongino,^[83][84] and Libertarian Dr. Dean Ahmad, a Palestinian refugee. Eric Wargotz, the Republican nominee in 2010 had considered entering the race but ultimately decided against it.

Cardin won re-election with 56% of the vote, with 26% for Bongino, 16% for Sobhani, and 1% for Ahmad.^[85]

Massachusetts

Eight-term Democrat Ted Kennedy was re-elected in 2006, but died in August 2009. Paul G. Kirk was appointed as the interim senator by Governor Deval Patrick, and served until Republican state legislator Scott Brown was elected in a January 2010 special election. He was the first Republican senator to be elected in Massachusetts since 1972. Brown ran for election to a full term.^[86] Harvard Law School professor Elizabeth Warren, the Democratic nominee,^[87] won the seat with 53.8% of the vote.^[88]

Michigan

Two-term incumbent Democrat Debbie Stabenow was re-elected in 2006 with 57% of the vote to 41% for Oakland County Sheriff and former State Senate Majority Leader Michael Bouchard after narrowly defeating Republican incumbent Spencer Abraham in 2000.

Stabenow won re-election with 59% of the vote to 38% of the vote for Republican ex-Congressman Peter Hoekstra and 2% for Libertarian Scotty Boman.^[89]

Minnesota

One-term incumbent Democrat Amy Klobuchar was elected in 2006 with 58% of the vote. Senator Klobuchar's approval ratings, last reported at 59%,^[90] have steadily risen since her election in November 2006. Her quick response to the I-35 bridge collapse in her home city of Minneapolis and her travels around the state solidified her popularity with the citizens of Minnesota.

The Republican nominee was state Representative Kurt Bills, an economics teacher with libertarian-leaning views and a supporter of outgoing Congressman Ron Paul.^[91]

Senator Klobuchar won re-election with 65.2% of the vote to Bills' 30.5%.^[92]

Mississippi

One-term incumbent Republican Roger Wicker was appointed after former Senate Majority Leader Trent Lott announced on November 26, 2007 that he was going to resign by the end of 2007.^[93] Wicker defeated former Governor Ronnie Musgrove in the 2008 special election.

On March 13, Wicker won the primary election with 89% of the vote, and faced Albert N. Gore Jr. of Starkville, who won the Democratic primary with 57% of the vote, as well as Libertarian candidate Dr. Shaun Crowell, Constitution Party candidate Thomas Cramer, and Reform Party candidate Shawn O'Hara.

In the November election, Wicker won re-election with 57% of the vote, with Democrat Albert Gore (no relation to former U.S. Vice President Al Gore) winning 41% of the vote and 2% of the vote going to the minor party candidates.

Missouri

Democrat Claire McCaskill was elected in 2006 with 49.6% of the vote, defeating then-incumbent Jim Talent. McCaskill was re-elected with no prominent Democrat challenging her.^[94] The primary election was held August 14.

Representative Todd Akin won the Republican nomination. Libertarian nominee Jonathan Dine also contested the election.

Republican primary contenders included Congressman Todd Akin, former state Treasurer Sarah Steelman,^[95][96] and businessman John Brunner.^[97] Jim Talent declined to run again, and attorney Ed Martin and former Missouri GOP Chair Ann Wagner were instead eyeing Missouri's 2nd Congressional District.^{[98][99][100]}

McCaskill won re-election with 55% of the vote to Akin's 39% and Dine's 6%.^[101]

Montana

One-term incumbent Democrat Jon Tester was elected in 2006 by a 49.2% to 48.3% margin, narrowly defeating incumbent Conrad Burns. Tester sought re-election,^[102] facing Republican Congressman Denny Rehberg and Libertarian Dan Cox.

Rehberg^[103] won the June 5 Republican primary by 76.2% beating Dennis Teske, after former Republican Montana Governor and past RNC chairman Marc Racicot ^[104] dropped out.

Tester won with 48.6% of the vote against Rehberg's 44.6% and Cox's 6.6%.

Nebraska

Two-term incumbent and former Governor Democrat Ben Nelson did not seek re-election in 2012.^[34] Former Governor of Nebraska Bob Kerrey, who held the Senate seat from 1989 to 2001, won the Democratic nomination.^[105]

State Senator Deb Fischer defeated State Treasurer Don Stenberg and Nebraska Attorney General Jon Bruning for the Republican nomination.^[106][107] Independent Scott Rupert will also be on the ballot.

Nevada

Republican John Ensign won his second term in the Senate in 2006 with 55% of the vote, defeating Democrat Jack Carter. In 2009, Ensign admitted to an affair with a campaign staffer.^[108] He initially announced that he was running for re-election,^[109] but in March 2011 announced that he would resign effective May 2011, and would not seek reelection.^[110] Governor Brian Sandoval appointed Republican Congressman Dean Heller to succeed him.

Heller ran for a full term in 2012.^[111] Democratic Congresswoman Shelley Berkley ran against Heller. Heller won re-election.

New Jersey

One-term incumbent Democrat Bob Menendez became the first Hispanic Senator to represent New Jersey in January 2006 when Former Senator Jon Corzine appointed him to the office after having resigned to become Governor, following his election to said office in November 2005. Menendez comfortably defeated Republican state Senator Tom Kean, Jr., son of popular former Governor and 9/11 Commission Chairman Tom Kean and was elected to a full term in November 2006.

The Republican Party nominee was state Senator Joseph M. Kyrillos of Monmouth County.^[112] Independent candidates include small business owner David Dranikoff, whose platform focuses mainly on the national debt and financial reform, alternative journalist Gavin Bard, a labor activist and anarcho-syndicalist who declared he will run as an independent based on major campaign tenets of opposing any regulation placed on the internet, abolishing CEOs, and convincing Sega to make the final game in the Shenmue series,^[38] as well as Daryl Mikell Brooks, and Gwen Diakos. Rounding out the busy ballot were Libertarian Kenneth R. Kaplan, Socialist Greg Pason, Ken Wolski of the Green Party.

New Mexico

Five-term incumbent Democrat Jeff Bingaman was re-elected in 2006 with 70.6% of the vote. Bingaman decided to retire.^[113] Republicans running included businessman former U.S. Representative Heather Wilson,^[114] and businessman Greg Sowards. Wilson won the Republican primary with 70% of the vote. The Independent American Party nominated Jon Barrie to run for the seat.

For the Democrats, Congressman Martin Heinrich defeated state Auditor Hector Balderas in the primary by a 59% to 41% margin.

The primaries were held on June 5.

Heinrich won the open seat in the November election with 51.0% of the vote to Wilson's 45.3%.^[115]

New York

Two-term Democrat Hillary Rodham Clinton was re-elected in 2006 with 67% of the vote. After narrowly losing the 2008 Democratic Presidential nomination to Barack Obama, she resigned on January 21, 2009 when the Senate confirmed her as Secretary of State. On January 23, Governor David Paterson appointed Congresswoman Kirsten Gillibrand to the seat. Gillibrand won a special election in 2010 with 61.2% of the vote, and was re-elected.^[116] Conservative attorney Wendy E. Long prevailed by a sizeable margin in the Republican primary.^[117] Long was also designated as the nominee for the Conservative Party of New York State, and appeared on its ballot line as well as the Republican Party line in the general election.^[118] Dr. Scott Noren of Ithaca NY ran as an Independent/Unaffiliated candidate against Senator Gillibrand and has a major student loan reform and anti-fracking platform, but didn't make the ballot. John Mangelli, a first time runner for office ran as an independent candidate under the common sense party made the ballot.^[119] Chris Edes was the Libertarian Party candidate running on the issues of fiscal solvency, civil liberties and constitutional government.^[120] In 2012, Gillibrand won another term, with 72% of the vote.

North Dakota

Four-term incumbent Democrat Kent Conrad was re-elected in 2006 with 69% of the vote. Conrad decided to not run for re-election in 2012.^[121] U.S. Representative Rick Berg^[122] announced his candidacy as a Republican. State Public Service Commissioner Brian Kalk initially announced his candidacy as well, but since dropped it to run for the at large congressional seat held by Berg.^[123] On November 8, 2011, former state Attorney General Heidi Heitkamp announced that she would be running for the Democratic nomination.^[44] On Election Day, Heitkamp defeated Berg in an upset win of a margin of approximately 50.5% to 49.5%.^[124] This was the closest senate race of 2012. Heitkamp won by a razor thin margin of about 3000 votes.

Ohio

One-term incumbent Democrat Sherrod Brown was elected in 2006 with 56% of the vote, defeating then-incumbent Mike DeWine, whose popularity suffered due to scandals involving former Republican Governor Bob Taft and ex-Congressman Bob Ney. Brown was challenged by Ohio State Treasurer Josh Mandel in the general election, Brown was re-elected with 50.3 percent of the vote to Mandels 45.1%.

Josh Mandel^[125] won the March 6 Republican primary with 63% of the vote.^[126]

Brown won re-election, 50.7%-44.7% ^[127]

Pennsylvania

One-term incumbent Democrat Bob Casey, Jr., the son of popular former Governor Bob Casey, was elected in 2006 with 58.7% of the vote, defeating then-incumbent Rick Santorum. He was the first Democrat elected to a full term in the U.S. Senate from Pennsylvania since 1962. Casey will seek re-election.^[128] He will face Republican candidate, Tom Smith, a businessman and former town supervisor, and Libertarian candidate, Rayburn Douglas Smith. Casey won re-election with 53.5% of the vote to Tom Smith's 44.8% and Rayburn Smith's 1.7%.

Rhode Island

One-term incumbent Democrat Sheldon Whitehouse was elected in 2006 with 53.5% of the vote, defeating then-incumbent Lincoln Chafee by 7 percentage points. Whitehouse will seek reelection.

Businessman Barry Hinckley announced that he would run against Whitehouse in the general election.^[129] Whitehouse defeated Hinckley and won re election to a second term with 65.0% of the vote to Hinckleys 35.0%.

Tennessee

One-term incumbent Republican Bob Corker was elected in 2006 with 50.7% of the vote. He narrowly defeated then-Congressman Harold Ford, Jr.. Corker set up "the Bob Corker for Senate 2012 committee" on November 8, 2006, or one day after winning a six-year term.^[130] In November 2011, country music singer Hank Williams, Jr. expressed an interest in challenging Corker for the GOP nomination,^[131] but did not enter the primary. The primary election was held August 2, with Corker receiving 85% over four opponents (Zach Poskevich, Fred Anderson, Mark Twain Clemens, and Brenda Lenard).

Corker's opponents were Mark E. Clayton, who won 30% in a seven-way Democratic primary, Libertarian candidate, Dr. Shaun Crowell, Kermit Steck (Constitution Party), Martin Pleasant (Green Party), and independents David Gatchell, James Higdon, Michael Joseph Long, Troy Stephen Scoggin, and Jacob Maurer.

Corker was re elected to a second term with 64.9% of the vote to his opponents 30.4%.

Texas

Three-term incumbent Republican Kay Bailey Hutchison was re-elected in 2006 with 62% of the vote despite a poor overall climate for Republicans, who lost control of both chambers of Congress that year. She announced in 2007 that she would not seek re-election, and she ran unsuccessfully for the Republican nomination for Texas Governor in 2009.^[132][133] For the Republicans, former Texas Solicitor General Ted Cruz won in a runoff election against Texas Lt. Governor David Dewhurst 57% to 43%.. Former SMU Mustangs running back and ESPN analyst Craig James, and former Dallas mayor Tom Leppert were also candidates.^{[134][135][136]} In the May 29 primary, Dewhurst won 45% to Cruz's 34%.^[137]

Cruz won the 2012 Republican nomination for the United States Senate seat being vacated by Kay Bailey Hutchison.[4] He defeated Lieutenant Governor David Dewhurst in the Republican primary runoff, 57-43 percent, on July 31, 2012.[5]

Former Texas Representative Paul Sadler beat Grady Yarbrough in the Democratic runoff election . Also running as Democrats were Sean Hubbard, Addie Dainell Allen and Daniel Boone.

Dallas businessman John Jay Myers won the Libertarian primary with 78.9% of the vote, to become that party's candidate for Senate.

David Collins ran as the Green Party Candidate

Ted Cruz won the general election with 56.6% of the vote to Sadlers' 40.5% and Myers' 2.1%.

Utah

Six-term incumbent and former Senate Judiciary Committee Chairman Republican Orrin Hatch was re-elected in 2006 with 62% of the vote. He ran for re-election. Though Hatch remains popular with Utahns in general, he was viewed by many in the Utah Republican Party as too moderate, and many names were floated as potential challengers.^[138] The name most frequently mentioned was that of conservative Congressman Jason Chaffetz, who had criticized Hatch, but Chaffetz announced on August 22, 2011, that he would not run against Hatch.^[139] Also frequently mentioned was state Senator Dan Liljenquist.^[140] At the Utah Republican Party Caucus held on March 15, 2012, it was determined that state Senator Liljenquist would challenge US Senator Hatch in the June 26, primary.^[141][142] Hatch won the primary election with 66% of the vote.

Among Democrats, Scott Howell, former state Senator and 2000 US Senate nominee, defeated Pete Ashdown, CEO of XMission and 2006 nominee for U.S. Senate, in the Utah Democratic Party caucus to secure the nomination to challenge the Utah Republican Party nominee for the US Senate seat currently held by US Senator Orrin Hatch.^[143]

Hatch defeated Howell on Election Day November 6, 2012 taking 65.2% of the vote to Howells 30.2%

Vermont

One-term incumbent Bernie Sanders is an independent Senator who caucuses with the Democrats and won election with 65.4% of the vote in 2006 after Jim Jeffords, also an independent, retired.

John MacGovern^[144] and H. Brooke Paige^[145] sought the Republican nomination, and MacGovern won the August 28 Republican primary.

Sanders won re election to a second full term with 71.0% of the vote to MacGoverns 24.9%.

Virginia

One-term incumbent Democrat Jim Webb was elected in 2006 by a margin of 0.6%, narrowly defeating then-incumbent George Allen in the biggest upset of the 2006 elections. Announcing that he did not want to spend his life in politics, Webb said he will not run for re-election.^[146] On the Democratic Side, former Governor of Virginia and DNC chairman Tim Kaine was unopposed for the nomination.

The Republican Party of Virginia decided that its nominee would be determined through a primary, as opposed to a state convention which had been used in more recent years. On January 24, 2011, George Allen announced that he would seek the Republican nomination.^[147] Jamie Radtke, head of the Virginia Tea Party Patriots, filed papers to run for the Republican nomination.^[148] Also considering a run for the Republican nomination were state Del. Robert G. Marshall (R-Manassas) and Corey Stewart, the chairman of the Prince William County Board of Supervisors. Marshall ran for the U.S. Senate in 2008, narrowly losing the Republican nomination at the state convention to former Governor Jim Gilmore by only 69 votes.

Kaine won the race to Succeed Jim Webb in the November 6, 2012 general election, capturing 53.0% of the vote to Allen's 47.0%. Kaine will take office when Webbs current term expires on January 3, 2013.

Washington

Two-term incumbent Democrat Maria Cantwell was re-elected in 2006 with 57% of the vote over Republican businessman Mike McGavick. In her 2012 reelection, she will be challenged by Republican state Senator Michael Baumgartner, a former U.S. State Department employee who represents a legislative district in the eastern part of the state.^[76]

Cantwell won re-election 60.5%-39.5% ^[149]

West Virginia

Democratic Senator Robert Byrd, the longest serving U.S. Senator in history, was re-elected to his ninth term in 2006 but died in office on June 28, 2010. In the November 2010 special election to fill this seat, Democratic Governor Joe Manchin was elected, with 53.5% of the vote. Senator Manchin defeated Sheirl Fletcher in the May 15 Democratic primary election, ^[150] to run for a full term.

John Raese, the Republican nominee, was unchallenged in the primary election.^[151]

Bob Henry Baber was the candidate of the "The Mountain Party", the West Virginia affiliate of the Green Party.

Wisconsin

Four-term incumbent Democrat Herb Kohl, owner of the NBA's Milwaukee Bucks and member of the founding family of the Kohl's department store chain, announced he would not seek reelection in 2012.^[57] He was reelected in 2006 with 67% of the vote.

U.S. Representative Tammy Baldwin announced her intention to run for the seat on September 6.^[152] Other potential candidates for the Democrats include former Dane County Executive Kathleen Falk, and Madison biotechnology executive Kevin Conroy.^[153] Both candidates declined to run and Baldwin became the only Democratic nominee.

On the Republican side, Business Manager Eric Hovde Former Congressman Mark Neumann, Speaker of the Wisconsin State Assembly Jeff Fitzgerald, and former Governor and former Secretary of Health and Human Services, Tommy Thompson confirmed their candidacies for the seat.^[154] The primary was held August 14. Thompson won the Republican nomination with 34% of the vote. Hovde came in second with 31%. Baldwin was unopposed in the Democratic primary and won.

The Libertarian candidate was Joseph Kexel, an IT consultant in Kenosha.

Nimrod Allen III, a former United States Marine, ran as an independent. Baldwin defeated Thompson and Kexel on election night with 51.4%, with the latter candidates getting 45.9% and 2.1%, respectively.^[155]

Wyoming

One-term incumbent Republican Dr. John Barrasso was appointed to the Senate in 2007 after the death of Republican Craig L. Thomas and won a special election in 2008 to complete Thomas's term. He defated Democrat Tim Chesnut, a member of the Albany County Board of Commissioners and rancher Joel Otto who ran on the "Wyoming Country" line.

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147. Catanese, David (January 24, 2011). "Allen e-mails supporters; Webb reacts". Politico. Retrieved January 30, 2011.
148. "Virginia gets a Tea Party challenger". Politicalticker.blogs.cnn.com. December 29, 2010. Retrieved February 14, 2011.
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150. http://crow.herald-dispatch.com/elections/candidate.php?id=245
151. West Virginia Secretary of State "Candidate Search," Accessed January 29, 2012
152. http://www.jsonline.com/news/statepolitics/129281483.html
153. Kleefeld, Eric (May 13, 2011). "Wis. Dem Chair: Russ Feingold, Tammy Baldwin Could Run For Senate Seat". TPMDC. Retrieved May 13, 2011.
154. Wenzel, Patti (May 13, 2011). "Senator Herb Kohl to retire after current term". ThirdCoast Digest. Retrieved May 13, 2011.
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External links

• United States Senate elections, 2012 at DMOZ
• U.S. Senate Elections in 2012 from Ballotpedia