Angus King

Angus King
United States Senator
from Maine
Assumed office
January 3, 2013
Serving with Susan Collins
Preceded by Olympia Snowe
72nd Governor of Maine
In office
January 5, 1995 – January 8, 2003
Preceded by John McKernan
Succeeded by John Baldacci
Personal details
Born Angus Stanley King, Jr.
(1944-03-31) March 31, 1944
Alexandria, Virginia, U.S.
Political party Democratic (Before 1993)
Independent (1993–present)
Spouse(s) Mary Herman (1984–present)
Children 5
Residence Brunswick, Maine[1]
Alma mater Dartmouth College (B.A.)
University of Virginia (LL.B.)
Profession Lawyer
Religion Episcopalian
Website Senate website

Angus Stanley King, Jr.[2] (born March 31, 1944) is an American politician and the junior United States Senator from the state of Maine. A political independent, he served as the 72nd Governor of Maine from 1995 to 2003.

King won Maine's 2012 Senate election to replace the retiring Republican Olympia Snowe and took office on January 3, 2013. For committee assignment purposes, he caucuses with the Democratic Party.

Early life, education, and early career

King was born in Alexandria, Virginia, the son of Ellen Archer (née Ticer) and Angus Stanley King, Sr., a lawyer.[2][3] He has spent most of his adult years in the state of Maine. He graduated from Dartmouth College in 1966 and the University of Virginia School of Law in 1969. While a student at Dartmouth, King joined the Delta Upsilon social fraternity.[4]

Soon after graduation from Virginia, King entered private law practice in Brunswick, Maine. He was a staff attorney for Pine Tree Legal Assistance in Skowhegan. In 1972, he served as chief counsel to U.S. Senate Subcommittee on Alcoholism and Narcotics. King served as a legislative assistant to Democratic U.S. Senator William Hathaway in the 1970s. He was also well-known statewide as a television host on public television.[5] In 1973, when he was 29, King was diagnosed with an aggressive form of malignant melanoma during a routine doctor's appointment -- an appointment, King says, he never would have made had he not had health insurance at the time. As a result of the visit and the early detection, King was able to receive treatment, and the experience undergirds his support for the Affordable Care Act.[6]

In 1975, King returned to Maine to practice with Smith, Loyd and King in Brunswick. In 1983, he was appointed vice president of Swift River/Hafslund Company, which developed alternative energy (hydro and biomass) projects in New England. In 1989, King founded Northeast Energy Management, Inc. The company developed, installed, and operated large-scale electrical energy conservation projects at commercial and industrial facilities throughout south-central Maine.[7]

Governor of Maine

1994 election

In May 1993, King announced he would run for governor of Maine as an independent, as incumbent Governor John McKernan, a Republican, was term-limited and could not seek another term.[8] King abandoned his lifelong affiliation with the Maine Democratic Party. "The Democratic Party as an institution has become too much the party that is looking for something from government," King explained to the Bangor Daily News a few weeks after he announced he would be running.[9]

The Republican nominee was Susan Collins, Commissioner of Professional and Financial Regulation under Governor John McKernan and a protégée of U.S. Senator William Cohen, and at the time was relatively unknown to the electorate. The Democratic nominee was former Governor and U.S. Representative Joseph E. Brennan. It was Brennan's fifth campaign for governor.

The general election was a highly competitive four-way race between King, Collins, Brennan, and Green Party nominee Jonathan Carter. King decided to invest early in television advertising during Maine's unusually early June primary, allowing him to emerge from the primary season on an equal footing with his rivals. King positioned himself as a businessman and a pragmatic environmentalist focused on job creation and education.[10] The Washington Times described him as an idealist who "wants to slash regulations but preserve the environment; hold the line on taxes; impose work and education requirements on welfare recipients; experiment with public school choice and cut at least $60 million from the state budget."[11] His opponents criticized him for flip-flopping. Collins argued King "presents different images, depending on who he is talking to. Angus has been a Democrat his whole life. In my opinion, he became an independent because he didn't think he could beat Joe Brennan in a primary. He's extremely smooth, articulate and bright, but he says different things to different groups."[12]

King narrowly won the November 8 election with 35% of the vote to Brennan's 34%, a margin of just 7,878 votes. (Collins received 23% of the vote and Carter 6%.) King won eight counties, Collins five and Brennan three.[13] King's election as an independent was not unprecedented in Maine politics, as independent James B. Longley had been elected twenty years earlier.

1998 election

Governor King won reelection to a second term in 1998 with 59% of the vote. He defeated Republican Jim Longley Jr. (the son of the former governor) (19%) and Democrat Thomas Connolly (12%). King's 59% was the highest a candidate had received since Brennan's 1982 reelection with 62% of the vote. Brennan's 1982 victory was also the last time before 1998 that a gubernatorial candidate had won a majority of the vote, and King's 1998 reelection remains the last time in a Maine gubernatorial election that the winner got a majority.

Tenure

During his tenure, King was the only governor in the United States unaffiliated with any political party. He was also one of only two governors nationwide not affiliated with either of the two major parties, the other being Jesse Ventura of Minnesota, who was elected in 1998 as a member of the Reform Party. The term of Connecticut's independent governor Lowell Weicker ended when King's began. In his book Independent Nation (2004), political analyst John Avlon describes all three governors as radical centrist thinkers.[14]

King meets with a Russian delegation as Maine governor in October 2002.

While in office King launched the Maine Learning Technology Initiative (MLTI) to provide laptops for every public middle-school student in the state, the first initiative of its kind in the nation. It met with considerable resistance due to its cost but was enacted by the Maine Legislature. On September 5, 2002, the state began the program with a four-year $37.2-million contract with Apple Inc. to equip all seventh- and eighth-grade students and teachers in the state with laptops. "I think we're going to demonstrate the power of one-to-one computer access that's going to transform education", King said in a Wired magazine interview. "The economic future will belong to the technologically adept." While ushering in the program, King quipped, "We've still got fish but we're heavily into the chips", in reference to Maine's fishing industry and the new laptop initiative.

One of King's more controversial initiatives was a law requiring all school employees – including volunteers and contractors working in schools – to be fingerprinted by the Maine State Police, and to have background checks conducted on them. The program purported to protect children from abuse by potential predators working within the schools but met with strong resistance from teachers' unions, which considered it a breach of civil liberties. The law's supporters claimed the fingerprinting requirement would stop previous offenders from coming to Maine to work in the schools and that if Maine did not have this requirement it would send a message to previous offenders that they could work in Maine without fear of being identified as child abusers. The law's critics maintained that there was no evidence of a problem with child abuse by school employees and the fingerprinting represented a violation of constitutional guarantees (a claim not supported by Supreme Court rulings on the issue). Fifty-seven teachers from across the state resigned in protest of the bill. The Maine Legislature voted to exempt current school employees, but King vetoed that in April 1997. The cost of the requirement was initially to be paid for by the school employees themselves but the Legislature voted to have the state fund it.

Post-gubernatorial career (2003–12)

The day after he left office in 2003, King, his wife, Mary Herman, and their two children – Ben, 14, and Molly, 10 – embarked on a road trip in a 40-foot motor home to see America. Over the next six months, the family traveled 15,000 miles and visited 33 states before returning home in June 2003.[15]

From 2004, King was a lecturer at Bowdoin College teaching a course called "Leaders and Leadership"; in the fall of 2009 and 2010, he taught a similar course at Bates College. He joined one of Maine's premier law firms, Bernstein Shur, and a mergers and acquisitions advisory firm (Leaders LLC) in Portland, Maine. He also worked on issues of sustainable and renewable energy. In spring 2009, he endorsed the Maine Green Energy Project, a summer program for young people to learn to build and advocate for green energy in Maine.

King was also involved in a wind power utility company, Independence Wind, co-founded with Robert Gardiner.[16] In August 2009, Independence Wind along with joint venture partner Wagner Forest Management won Maine DEP approval for construction of a proposed $120-million, 22-turbine, utility-scale wind power project along a prominent mountain ridge in Roxbury, Maine.[17] To avoid the appearance of a conflict of interest, King sold his part of the company after entering the 2012 U.S. Senate election.[18] Of the project, King has said, "People who say wind is only an intermittent resource are looking for a one-shot solution. And my experience is that there are rarely silver bullets, but there is often silver buckshot. Wind is an adjunct source of energy. Ten percent, 20% can be very significant..."[19] He also helped launch the Vital Signs education website at the Gulf of Maine Research Institute in 2009.[20] Vital Signs builds upon the 1-to-1 laptop network King established as governor.

United States Senate

Elections

On March 5, 2012, King announced that he was running for the U.S. Senate seat being vacated by Olympia Snowe.[21][22] King said "hogwash" to allegations by some Republicans that he had cut a deal with Democrats to keep U.S. Rep. Chellie Pingree out of the race.[23]

King's Senate campaign came under scrutiny for posting a heavily edited newspaper profile of him to the campaign website.[24]

On November 6, 2012, King won the Senate race with 53%[25] of the vote, beating Democrat Cynthia Dill and Republican Charlie Summers.[26][27] The following week, King announced that he would caucus with Senate Democrats, explaining not only that it made more sense to affiliate with the party that had a clear majority, but that he would have been largely excluded from the committee process had he not caucused with a party.[28][29] King said he had not ruled out caucusing with the Republicans if they took control of the Senate in 2014,[30] but when that happened, he remained in the Democratic caucus.[31]

Tenure

King supports reform of the Senate filibuster, noting that senators are no longer required to stand on the floor and speak during a filibuster. He also points out that the Constitution contains no 60-vote requirement to conduct business in the Senate.[32] Accordingly, in 2013 King voted in favor of the so-called nuclear option to eliminate the filibuster for most presidential nominees.[33]

King opposes attempts by the U.S. House to cut $40 billion from the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program over ten years, fearing that it "would affect people in a serious way" and drive more people to soup kitchens and food banks. He supports the more modest Senate efforts to save $4 billion over the same period by closing loopholes.[34]

King had stated that he would not have been willing to attend the 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi, Russia, due to threats against the Games. He further stated that he would not have wanted his family to attend either.[35]

In 2014 King was chosen for the annual honor of reading George Washington's Farewell Address to the Senate.[36]

King endorsed his colleague Susan Collins for reelection in the 2014 U.S. Senate election,[37] calling her a "model Senator". At the same time, he endorsed Democratic Senator Jeanne Shaheen of New Hampshire for reelection.[38] King also endorsed Eliot Cutler for Governor in the 2014 election, as he had done in 2010, although on October 29, 2014, he switched his endorsement to Democratic nominee Mike Michaud.[39][40] He also endorsed Democrat Emily Cain for the Maine's second congressional district election[41] and Republican Senator Lamar Alexander of Tennessee in his reelection campaign.[42]

After Republicans gained the Senate majority in the November 4, 2014 election, King announced that he would continue to caucus with the Democrats. He cited his belief that it is good for a state to have a senator from each party, and that it is important to have a senator who caucuses with the same party as the President, saying, "In the end, who I caucus with is less important than who I work with." He further said, "It does not mean I have become a Democrat. It does not mean I have made a promise to anybody."[31]

On June 22, 2015, King announced that he would undergo prostate cancer surgery on June 26, adding, "I'm looking forward to a full recovery and to continuing my service in the Senate". King had shown no symptoms but doctors had found the cancer in a routine medical exam, and after a biopsy was given, the diagnosis was confirmed. King also announced that this did not change his plans to run for reelection in 2018.[43]

Committee assignments

Political positions

Angus King has described himself as "neither a Democrat nor a Republican, but an 'American.'"[44] His Crowdpac score is -4.3 (10 is the most conservative, -10 the most liberal), based on a data aggregation of his campaign contributions, votes, and speeches.[45] King votes with the majority of Democrats about 90% of the time.[46] He has also received higher approval ratings from liberal interest groups than conservative ones. King has been rated 89% by the average liberal interest group; the average conservative interest group rates him 14.5%.[47]

Economy

King has called for the continuation of a tariff on imported athletic footwear and rejects discussing the potential removal of the tariff in trade talks with Vietnam, citing the potential loss of jobs at New Balance's Skowhegan and Madison factories in Maine. New Balance is the only remaining domestic manufacturer of athletic footwear.[48] Also while governor, King vetoed a bill that would have raised Maine's minimum wage by 25 cents per hour.[49]

Oil

King is opposed to the Keystone XL pipeline, stating that the "project will facilitate the transport of some of the world's dirtiest and most climate-harming oil through our country"[50] and has cast several votes against legislation authorizing its construction.[51][52][53] King has said that he is "frustrated" with President Obama's delay in deciding whether to authorize construction, but that he opposes Congress legislating the approval or disapproval of a construction project.[54]

Syria

King has voted to arm Syrian rebels who are fighting Syrian President Bashar al-Assad and ISIL militants.[55]

Environment

King opposes oil drilling in the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge, believing the amount of oil is not worth the environmental risk of extracting it. He also believes that new developments in the energy field, such as fracking and the Keystone XL pipeline, should be subject to "all appropriate environmental safeguards to protect the American people and the American land."[32]

King has expressed opposition to the creation of a Maine Woods National Park, believing that local control is the best way to conserve land,[32] but in 2014 stated he was keeping an open mind about the idea.[56] He has "serious reservations" about the designation of land in the Katahdin region as a National Monument.[57]

King opposes efforts in Maine to ban the baiting and trapping of bears, including an effort to put the question to voters in 2014, calling such practices necessary to prevent interaction between bears and people, and stating the practices are based on science and the views of experts.[58]

Veterans

King supports the Department of Veterans Affairs goal to eliminate both its claim backlog and veteran homelessness by 2015.[59]

Education

King proposes supporting teacher development, by attempting to elevate the teaching profession to something attractive for top students. With over 29% of teachers claiming they are likely to leave the profession, King proposes steps such as creating a recruitment program, supporting research and development, and improving access to technology. He additionally proposes increasing parent involvement in the classroom, supporting measures like gas cards for parents.[60]

Gun laws

King supports expanding background checks to most firearms transactions, with exceptions for transfers between family members, calling such a position "the single most effective step" that can be taken to keep guns out of the wrong hands. He supports limiting the size of magazines to 10 rounds, and to make purchasing a gun for someone not legally allowed to have one a federal crime. He does not support a ban on assault weapons, believing it will not work and that such a ban is not based on the functionality of the weapons, which are not relevantly different from the many hunting rifles owned by Maine residents. He further states that the vast majority of crimes are committed with handguns, not assault weapons.[61]

King voted for the Manchin-Toomey amendment to expand background checks for gun purchases.[62]

Health issues

King supports the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (Obamacare). He is also pro-choice on abortion.[32]

On September 27, 2013, King voted to restore funding for the Affordable Care Act as part of an amendment to legislation funding government operations for 45 days, which also omitted House-passed language prioritizing debt payments if Congress failed to increase the nation’s borrowing limits.[63] He has said that those opposed to the ACA who are attempting to discourage people from purchasing health insurance are "guilty of murder" and that doing so was "one of the grossest violations of our humanity that I could think of."[64] In making this comment, King noted a time in his life when he would have died had he not just acquired health insurance.[64]

Same-sex marriage

King supports same-sex marriage, stating that it is "necessary to provide couples and their families with equal protection under the law."[32] King also signed an amicus brief to the US Supreme Court in United States v. Windsor encouraging it to strike down the Defense of Marriage Act.[65]

Awards and honors

The National Retail Federation gave King the 2014 "Hero of Main Street" award for his support of American retailers.[66]

References

  1. ↑ "About Angus". Angus King, U.S. Senator for Maine. Retrieved 6 April 2016. He lives in Brunswick.
  2. 1 2 Angus S. King. ""Interview with Angus King by Andrea L’Hommedieu" by Angus S. King". Digitalcommons.bowdoin.edu. Retrieved 2012-11-13.
  3. ↑ "Ellen Archer Ticer King – Daily Press". Articles.dailypress.com. 2006-05-25. Retrieved 2012-11-13.
  4. ↑ "Greeks in the 113th Congress". North-American Interfraternity Conference. Retrieved 2 September 2013.
  5. ↑ Nemitz, Bill, "King’s first 100 days: ‘The hardest I’ve ever worked in my life’", Portland Press Herald, April 14, 2013. Retrieved 2013-04-30.
  6. ↑ TAMC Communication and Development. "Senator Angus King to present keynote address at May 9 County Cancer Conference". Bangor Daily News. Retrieved 14 November 2015.
  7. ↑ "Biography - About Angus - Angus King - U.S. Senator for Maine". King.senate.gov. Retrieved October 11, 2014.
  8. ↑ Higgins, A. Jay (May 7, 1993). "Lewiston mayor to make Blaine House bid". Bangor Daily News.
  9. ↑ Ripley, John (May 18, 1993). "Candidate King maps course to Augusta". Bangor Daily News.
  10. ↑ "AD DEPICTS KING AS USING NEW IDEAS TO ENCOURAGE JOBS". Portland Press Herald. October 1, 1994.
  11. ↑ Snow, Tony (July 9, 1994). "Maine bellwether for voter discontent?". The Washington Times.
  12. ↑ Hale, John (October 4, 1994). "A King pursues top spot > Former liberal now sees himself as `pragmatic'". Bangor Daily News.
  13. ↑ "Our Campaigns - ME Governor Race - Nov 08, 1994". Ourcampaigns.com. Retrieved October 11, 2014.
  14. ↑ Avlon, John (2004). Independent Nation: How the Vital Center Is Changing American Politics. Harmony Books / Random House, pp. 177–93 ("Radical Centrists"). ISBN 978-1-4000-5023-9.
  15. ↑ Canfield, Clarke (24 June 2011). "Angus King chronicles RV travels in new book". AP. Retrieved 13 January 2015.
  16. ↑ "Independence Wind, LLC". Independencewind.com. Retrieved 2012-11-13.
  17. ↑ "DEP approves Record Hill wind farm | Mainebiz". Mainebiz.biz. Retrieved September 14, 2011.
  18. ↑ "Panel questions loan guarantee for wind project in which Angus King had stake". Bangor Daily News. March 22, 2012. Retrieved May 30, 2012.
  19. ↑ Smith, Taylor. "Running with the wind". Mainbiz.biz. Retrieved October 13, 2012.
  20. ↑ "Official Vital Signs Program Launch". Vitalsignsme.org. Retrieved October 11, 2014.
  21. ↑ "Michaud, Pingree and Baldacci may seek Olympia Snowe’s seat; King, Raye and Cutler also considering". Bangor Daily News. Retrieved March 1, 2012.
  22. ↑ Riskind, Jonathan (March 5, 2012). "Source: King to run for Snowe's seat". The Portland Press Herald / Maine Sunday Telegram. Retrieved March 5, 2012.
  23. ↑ "King supports Obama for re-election". www.kjonline.com. Retrieved March 9, 2012.
  24. ↑ Shepherd, Michael (24 September 2012). "King’s campaign altered newspaper article on website". Portland Press Herald. Retrieved 15 August 2014.
  25. ↑ "Election Center". Senate: Maine. CNN. Retrieved November 14, 2012.
  26. ↑ "Angus King wins Senate bid". WCSH. November 7, 2012.
  27. ↑ Sharp, David (November 7, 2012). "King wins Senate race; gay marriage OK'd in Maine". Stamford Advocate, Associated Press.
  28. ↑ Miller, Kevin (November 14, 2012). "King will caucus with Senate Democrats". Kennebec Journal.
  29. ↑ O'Keefe, Ed (November 14, 2012). "Angus King to caucus with Democrats in Senate". The Washington Post.
  30. ↑ Recio, Maria (November 14, 2012). "McMorris Rodgers wins fight for spot in House GOP leadership". The Seattle Times.
  31. 1 2 "Senator King to caucus with Democrats". WCSH-6 TV. November 5, 2014. Retrieved November 5, 2014.
  32. 1 2 3 4 5 "Angus on the Issues". Angus King for U.S. Senate. Retrieved June 22, 2012.
  33. ↑ "King Statement on Vote to Alter Filibuster Rule". Office of Sen. Angus King. 2013-11-21. Retrieved 2013-12-07.
  34. ↑ Koeing, Seth (October 24, 2013). "Angus King says $40 billion in proposed House cuts to food stamp program too much". Bangor Daily News. Retrieved October 24, 2013.
  35. ↑ Hosenball, Mark (January 20, 2014). "US studying rescue plans in case of crisis at Olympics; Sen. Angus King says he ‘would not go’ to Sochi". Bangor Daily News. Retrieved January 20, 2014.
  36. ↑ Lesniewski, Neils (2014-02-24). "Senate Hears Washington’s Words Once Again". Roll Call. Retrieved 9 July 2014.
  37. ↑ "Sen. Angus King (I) endorses colleagues Collins (R) and Shaheen (D)". Washington Post. Retrieved October 11, 2014.
  38. ↑ "King on Collins: ‘We’ve got a model senator here’". Kennebec Journal. May 16, 2014. Retrieved May 16, 2014.
  39. ↑ "Angus King endorses Eliot Cutler at Portland press conference". Retrieved 18 August 2014.
  40. ↑ "Angus King switches endorsement from Cutler to Michaud". Portland Press Herald. October 29, 2014. Retrieved October 29, 2014.
  41. ↑ Michael Shepherd (October 1, 2014). "Angus King to endorse 2nd District’s Cain on Wednesday". KJonline.com. Retrieved October 1, 2014.
  42. ↑ Jaffe, Alexandra (October 24, 2014). "Maine Independent endorses GOP's Alexander". The Hill. Retrieved October 25, 2014.
  43. ↑ Tatum, Sophie (June 22, 2015). "Sen. Angus King to undergo prostate cancer surgery". CNN. Retrieved June 22, 2015.
  44. ↑ Megan Winchester - Angus King Political Ad 2012. October 26, 2012 – via YouTube.
  45. ↑ "Angus King".
  46. ↑ "Despite siding with Democrats on 90 percent of votes, King says, ‘I’m making my own decisions’". The Bangor Daily News.
  47. ↑ "National Special Interest Groups - The Voter's Self Defense System - Vote Smart". Project Vote Smart.
  48. ↑ "King calls for continued tariff protection for Maine shoes". Kennebec Journal. August 14, 2012. Retrieved August 14, 2012.
  49. ↑ Seelye, Katharine Q. (1 July 2012). "Former Gov. Angus King Leads Maine Senate Race". The New York Times. Retrieved July 8, 2012.
  50. ↑ "Press Release - Press Releases - Newsroom - Angus King - U.S. Senator for Maine". January 12, 2015.
  51. ↑ "U.S. Senate: Roll Call Vote". January 27, 2015.
  52. ↑ "U.S. Senate: Roll Call Vote". January 27, 2015.
  53. ↑ "U.S. Senate: Roll Call Vote". January 27, 2015.
  54. ↑ "Angus King casts deciding vote as Keystone XL pipeline bill dies in Senate". The Bangor Daily News.
  55. ↑ "King, Collins vote to approve arming Syrian rebels, funding government". The Bangor Daily News.
  56. ↑ "National park debate to reopen in northern Penobscot County; Lincoln chamber to hold informational meetings". Bangor Daily News.com. June 10, 2014. Retrieved June 10, 2014.
  57. ↑ "Collins, King, Poliquin express ‘serious reservations’ about national monument". Bangor Daily News. Retrieved November 23, 2015.
  58. ↑ "Senator Angus King defends Maine’s bear management". Bangor Daily News.com. April 6, 2014. Retrieved April 6, 2014.
  59. ↑ "Angus King - U.S. Senator for Maine".
  60. ↑ King, Angus. "T.I.P. The Scale for our Students".
  61. ↑ King, Angus (April 11, 2013). "Angus King presents his position on gun control". Bangor Daily News. Retrieved April 18, 2013.
  62. ↑ Kevin Miller (April 14, 2013). "Collins, King support gun law". Kennebec Journal. Retrieved October 28, 2013.
  63. ↑ "U.S. Senate: Legislation & Records Home > Votes > S.Amdt.1974". Senate.gov. Retrieved 2013-09-27.
  64. 1 2 "Right-wing extremists "are guilty of murder," Sen. Angus King tells Salon". Salon.com. Retrieved 2013-09-30.
  65. ↑ Long, Robert (March 1, 2013). "King, Pingree and Michaud want courts to strike federal ban on same-sex marriage". Bangor Daily News. Retrieved April 7, 2013.
  66. ↑ "National Retail Federation Names King "Hero of Main Street" Owner of Haven's Candies in Westbrook Presents King with Award". HighBeam Research. Retrieved 6 November 2014.

Further reading

Congress
Governor (1995–2003)

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Angus King.
Political offices
Preceded by
John McKernan		 Governor of Maine
1995–2003 		Succeeded by
John Baldacci
United States Senate
Preceded by
Olympia Snowe		 U.S. Senator (Class 1) from Maine
2013–present
Served alongside: Susan Collins		 Incumbent
United States order of precedence (ceremonial)
Preceded by
Martin Heinrich		 United States Senators by seniority
80th 		Succeeded by
Tim Kaine
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