United States Senate elections, 1796 and 1797

United States Senate elections, 1796 and 1797
United States
Dates vary by state

11 of the 32 seats in the United States Senate (plus special elections)
17 seats needed for a majority
  Majority party Minority party
 
Party Federalist Democratic-Republican
Last election 20 seats (66.7%) 10 seats (33.3%)
Seats before 21 (65.6%) 11 (34.4%)
Seats won 21 (67.7%) 10 (32.3%)
Seat change Steady Decrease 1
Seats up 8 3

Majority party before election

Federalist

Elected Majority party

Federalist

The United States Senate elections of 1796 and 1797 were elections for the United States Senate which, coinciding with John Adams's election as President, had the ruling Federalist Party gain one seat.

As these elections were prior to ratification of the seventeenth amendment, Senators were chosen by State legislatures.

Results

5th Congress (1797–1799):

Change in Senate composition

Before the elections

DR6 DR5 DR4 DR3 DR2 DR1
DR7 DR8 DR9 DR10 DR11 F21 F20 F19 F18 F17
Majority →
F7 F8 F9 F10 F11 F12 F13 F14 F15 F16
F6 F5 F4 F3 F2 F1

Results of the elections

DR6 DR5 DR4 DR3 DR2 DR1
DR7
Re-elected
DR8
Hold
DR9
Hold
DR10
Gain
V1
Gain
F21
Gain
F20
Hold
F19
Hold
F18
Hold
F17
Hold
Majority →
F7
Re-elected
F8
Re-elected
F9
Re-elected
F10
Re-elected
F11
Re-elected
F12
Hold
F13
Hold
F14
Hold
F15
Hold
F16
Hold
F6 F5 F4 F3 F2 F1

Beginning of the 5th Congress

DR6 DR5 DR4 DR3 DR2 DR1
DR7 DR8 DR9
Hold
D10 V1 F21 F20 F19 F18 F17
Hold
Majority →
F7 F8 F9 F10 F11 F12 F13 F14
Hold
F15
Hold
F16
F6 F5 F4 F3 F2 F1
Key:
DR# Democratic-Republican
F# Federalist
V# Vacant
Party hold: Incumbent re-elected
O Party hold: New senator elected from same party
+ Party gain: New senator elected from different party
No tag Seat not up for election this time

Race summaries

Special elections during the 4th Congress

In these special elections, the winner was seated before March 4, 1797; ordered by election date.

State Incumbent Results Candidates
Senator Party Electoral history
Georgia
(Special: Class 3)
George Walton Federalist 1795 (Appointed) Appointee retired when successor elected.
Winner elected February 20, 1796.
Democratic-Republican gain
Josiah Tattnall (Democratic-Republican)
Connecticut
(Special: Class 1)
Oliver Ellsworth Federalist 1788
1791
Incumbent resigned to become Chief Justice of the United States.
Winner elected May 12, 1796.
Federalist hold
James Hillhouse (Federalist)
Massachusetts
(Special: Class 1)
George Cabot Federalist 1790 Incumbent resigned June 9, 1796.
Winner elected June 11, 1796.
Federalist hold
Benjamin Goodhue (Federalist)
Massachusetts
(Special: Class 2)
Caleb Strong Federalist 1789
1793
Incumbent resigned June 1, 1796.
Winner elected June 11, 1796.
Federalist hold
Theodore Sedgwick (Federalist)
Connecticut
(Special: Class 3)
Jonathan Trumbull, Jr. Federalist 1794 Incumbent resigned June 10, 1796 to become Lieutenant Governor of Connecticut.
Winner elected October 13, 1796.
Federalist hold
Uriah Tracy (Federalist)
Vermont
(Special: Class 1)
Moses Robinson Federalist 1791 (New state) Incumbent resigned October 15, 1796.
Winner elected October 18, 1796.
Federalist hold
Isaac Tichenor (Federalist)
New York
(Special: Class 3)
Rufus King Federalist 1789
1795
Incumbent resigned May 23, 1796 to become U.S. Minister to Great Britain.
Winner elected November 9, 1796.
Federalist hold
John Laurance (Federalist)
Maryland
(Special: Class 1)
Richard Potts Federalist 1793 (Special) Incumbent resigned October 24, 1796.
Winner elected November 30, 1796.
Federalist hold
John Eager Howard (Federalist)
South Carolina
(Special: Class 2)
Pierce Butler Democratic-
Republican
1789
1793
Incumbent resigned October 25, 1796.
Winner elected December 8, 1796.
Democratic-Republican hold
John Hunter (Democratic-Republican)

Races leading to the 5th Congress

In these general elections, the winner was seated on March 4, 1797; ordered by state.

All of the elections involved the Class 1 seats.

State Incumbent Results Candidates
Senator Party Electoral history
Connecticut James Hillhouse Federalist 1796 (Special) Incumbent re-elected. James Hillhouse (Federalist)
Delaware Henry Latimer Federalist 1795 (Special) Incumbent re-elected. Henry Latimer (Federalist)
Maryland Richard Potts Federalist 1793 (Special) Incumbent resigned October 24, 1796.
Winner elected November 30, 1796 to finish the term, as well as to the next term.
John Eager Howard (Federalist)
Massachusetts George Cabot Federalist 1790 Incumbent resigned June 9, 1796.
Winner elected June 11, 1796 to finish the term, as well as to the next term.
Benjamin Goodhue (Federalist)
New Jersey John Rutherfurd Federalist 1790
1796
Incumbent re-elected. John Rutherfurd (Federalist)
New York Aaron Burr Democratic-
Republican
1791 Incumbent lost re-election January 24, 1797.
Federalist gain
Philip Schuyler (Federalist)
Pennsylvania James Ross Federalist 1794 (Special) Incumbent re-elected in 1797. James Ross (Federalist)
Rhode Island Theodore Foster Federalist 1790
1791
Incumbent re-elected. Theodore Foster (Federalist)
Tennessee William Cocke Democratic-
Republican
1796 Legislature failed to elect.
Term began with a vacancy.
Incumbent later appointed (April 22, 1797) to continue term.[1]
None
Vermont Moses Robinson Federalist 1791 (New state) Incumbent resigned October 15, 1796.
Winner elected October 18, 1796 to the next term
Isaac Tichenor (Federalist)
Virginia Stevens Mason Democratic-
Republican
1794 (Special) Incumbent re-elected. Stevens Mason (Democratic-Republican)

Special elections during the 5th Congress

In this special election, the winner was seated after March 4, 1797, the beginning of the next Congress.

State Incumbent Results Candidates
Senator Party Electoral history
Tennessee
(Special: Class 2)
William Blount Democratic-
Republican
1796 Incumbent expelled July 8, 1797.[2]
Winner elected July 8, 1797.
Democratic-Republican hold.
Joseph Anderson (Democratic-Republican)
Tennessee
(Special: Class 1)
William Cocke Democratic-
Republican
1796
1797 (Appointed)
Appointee did not stand for election.
Winner elected September 26, 1797.
Democratic-Republican hold.
Andrew Jackson (Democratic-Republican)
Vermont
(Special: Class 1)
Isaac Tichenor Federalist 1796 (Special) Incumbent resigned October 17, 1797 to become Governor of Vermont.
Winner elected October 17, 1797.
Federalist hold.
Nathaniel Chipman (Federalist)
Rhode Island
(Special: Class 2)
William Bradford Federalist 1793 Incumbent resigned in October 1797.
Winner elected November 13, 1797.
Federalist hold.
Ray Greene (Federalist)
Maryland
(Special: Class 3)
John Henry Federalist 1789
1795
Incumbent resigned July 10, 1797 to become Governor of Maryland.
Winner elected December 8, 1797.
Federalist hold.
James Lloyd (Federalist)

See also

References

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