CYP26B1

Cytochrome P450, family 26, subfamily B, polypeptide 1
Identifiers
Symbols	CYP26B1 ; CYP26A2; P450RAI-2; P450RAI2; RHFCA
External IDs	OMIM: 605207 MGI: 2176159 HomoloGene: 23179 GeneCards: CYP26B1 Gene
Gene ontology Molecular function • retinoic acid binding • iron ion binding • retinoic acid 4-hydroxylase activity • heme binding Cellular component • cytoplasm • endoplasmic reticulum membrane Biological process • cell fate determination • establishment of T cell polarity • vitamin metabolic process • xenobiotic metabolic process • inflammatory response • male meiosis • spermatogenesis • proximal/distal pattern formation • positive regulation of gene expression • embryonic limb morphogenesis • retinoic acid catabolic process • tongue morphogenesis • small molecule metabolic process • regulation of T cell differentiation • retinoic acid receptor signaling pathway • negative regulation of retinoic acid receptor signaling pathway • oxidation-reduction process • bone morphogenesis • establishment of skin barrier • cornification • cellular response to retinoic acid • positive regulation of tongue muscle cell differentiation Sources: Amigo / QuickGO
RNA expression pattern
More reference expression data
Orthologs
Species	Human	Mouse
Entrez	56603	232174
Ensembl	ENSG00000003137	ENSMUSG00000063415
UniProt	Q9NR63	Q811W2
RefSeq (mRNA)	NM_001277742	NM_001177713
RefSeq (protein)	NP_001264671	NP_001171184
Location (UCSC)	Chr 2: 72.13 – 72.15 Mb	Chr 6: 84.57 – 84.59 Mb
PubMed search

Cytochrome P450 26B1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CYP26B1 gene.^[1][2]

This gene encodes a member of the cytochrome P450 superfamily of enzymes. The cytochrome P450 proteins are monooxygenases that catalyze many reactions involved in drug metabolism and the synthesis of cholesterol, steroids and other lipids. The enzyme encoded by this gene is involved in the specific inactivation of all-trans-retinoic acid to hydroxylated forms, such as 4-oxo-, 4-OH-, and 18-OH-all-trans-retinoic acid.^[2]

CYP26B1 has been shown to be over-expressed in colorectal cancer cells compared to normal colonic epithelium. CYP26B1 expression was also independently prognostic in patients with colorectal cancer and strong expression was associated with a poorer outcome.^[3]

References

1. Nelson DR (Dec 1999). "A second CYP26 P450 in humans and zebrafish: CYP26B1". Arch Biochem Biophys 371 (2): 345–7. doi:10.1006/abbi.1999.1438. PMID 10545224.
2. "Entrez Gene: CYP26B1 cytochrome P450, family 26, subfamily B, polypeptide 1".
3. Brown, Gordon; Beatriz Cash; Daniela Blihoghe; Petronella Johansson; Ayham Alnabulsi; Graeme Murray (2014-03-07). "The Expression and Prognostic Significance of Retinoic Acid Metabolising Enzymes in Colorectal Cancer". PLOS ONE. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0090776.

Further reading

• Rat E, Billaut-Laden I, Allorge D; et al. (2006). "Evidence for a functional genetic polymorphism of the human retinoic acid-metabolizing enzyme CYP26A1, an enzyme that may be involved in spina bifida". Birth Defects Res. Part a Clin. Mol. Teratol. 76 (6): 491–8. doi:10.1002/bdra.20275. PMID 16933217.
• Bowles J, Knight D, Smith C; et al. (2006). "Retinoid signaling determines germ cell fate in mice". Science 312 (5773): 596–600. doi:10.1126/science.1125691. PMID 16574820.
• Hillier LW, Graves TA, Fulton RS; et al. (2005). "Generation and annotation of the DNA sequences of human chromosomes 2 and 4". Nature 434 (7034): 724–31. doi:10.1038/nature03466. PMID 15815621.
• Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA; et al. (2004). "The Status, Quality, and Expansion of the NIH Full-Length cDNA Project: The Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC)". Genome Res. 14 (10B): 2121–7. doi:10.1101/gr.2596504. PMC 528928. PMID 15489334.
• Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH; et al. (2003). "Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 99 (26): 16899–903. doi:10.1073/pnas.242603899. PMC 139241. PMID 12477932.
• Trofimova-Griffin ME, Juchau MR (2002). "Developmental expression of cytochrome CYP26B1 (P450RAI-2) in human cephalic tissues". Brain Res. Dev. Brain Res. 136 (2): 175–8. doi:10.1016/S0165-3806(02)00305-X. PMID 12101034.
• Abu-Abed S, MacLean G, Fraulob V; et al. (2002). "Differential expression of the retinoic acid-metabolizing enzymes CYP26A1 and CYP26B1 during murine organogenesis". Mech. Dev. 110 (1–2): 173–7. doi:10.1016/S0925-4773(01)00572-X. PMID 11744378.
• White JA, Ramshaw H, Taimi M; et al. (2000). "Identification of the human cytochrome P450, P450RAI-2, which is predominantly expressed in the adult cerebellum and is responsible for all-trans-retinoic acid metabolism". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 97 (12): 6403–8. doi:10.1073/pnas.120161397. PMC 18615. PMID 10823918.