General ticket

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General ticket representation is a particular method of electing members of a multi-member state delegation to the United States House of Representatives. States using this method elected their entire delegation in a statewide manner, either on a single ballot (by means of bloc voting) or on separate ballots for each seat, but always allowing every voter in the state to vote for a candidate for each seat. It was a system used frequently until restricted by the 1842 Apportionment Bill and subsequent legislation, most recently in 1967.^[1] After 1842 it was used only occasionally when permitted for states with small delegations or in the years immediately following their admission to the union.

While the framers of the United States Constitution probably intended members of the House of Representatives to be elected from geographically defined single member districts, the Constitution did not so specify. For convenience or in order to assure majority control, many states adopted general ticket representation. In doing so it ensured that a group that might be a majority in only a portion of the state would be always out voted by the larger majority throughout the state.

General ticket usage

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This is a table of every instance of the use of the general ticket in the United States Congress.

Congress	Dates	State & Number of Representatives
1st	1789-1791	CT (5), NJ (4), NH (3), PA (8)
2nd	1791-1793	CT (5), NJ (4), NH (3)
3rd	1793-1795	CT (7), GA (2), NJ (5), NH (4), PA (13), RI (2)
4th	1795-1797	CT (7), GA (2), NJ (5), NH (4), RI (2)
5th	1797-1799	CT (7), GA (2), NJ (5), NH (4), RI (2)
6th	1799-1801	CT (7), GA (2), NH (4), RI (2)
7th	1801-1803	CT (7), GA (2), NJ (5), NH (4), RI (2)
8th	1803-1805	CT (7), GA (4), NJ (6), NH (5), RI (2), TN (3)
9th	1805-1807	CT (7), GA (4), NJ (6), NH (5), RI (2)
10th	1807-1809	CT (7), GA (4), NJ (6), NH (5), RI (2)
11th	1809-1811	CT (7), GA (4), NJ (6), NH (5), RI (2)
12th	1811-1813	CT (7), GA (4), NJ (6), NH (5), RI (2)
13th	1813-1815	CT (7), DE (2), GA (6), NH (6), RI (2), VT (6)
14th	1815-1817	CT (7), DE (2), GA (6), NJ (6), NH (6), RI (2), VT (6)
15th	1817-1819	CT (7), DE (2), GA (6), NJ (6), NH (6), RI (2), VT (6)
16th	1819-1821	CT (7), DE (2), GA (6), NJ (6), NH (6), RI (2), VT (6)
17th	1821-1823	CT (7), DE (2), GA (6), NJ (6), NH (6), RI (2)
18th	1823-1825	CT (6), GA (7), NJ (6), NH (6), RI (2), VT (5)
19th	1825-1827	CT (6), GA (7), NJ (6), NH (6), RI (2)
20th	1827-1829	CT (6), NJ (6), NH (6), RI (2)
21st	1829-1831	CT (6), GA (7), NJ (6), NH (6), RI (2)
22nd	1831-1833	CT (6), GA (7), NJ (6), NH (6), RI (2)
23rd	1833-1835	CT (6), GA (9), MO (2), MS (2), NJ (6), NH (5), RI (2)
24th	1835-1837	CT (6), GA (9), MO (2), MS (2), NJ (6), NH (5), RI (2)
25th	1837-1839	NH (5), GA (9), MO (2), MS (2), NJ (6), RI (2)
26th	1839-1841	NH (5), GA (9), MO (2), MS (2), NJ (6), RI (2)
27th	1841-1843	AL (5), GA (9), MO (2), MS (2), NH (5), NJ (6), RI (2)
28th	1843-1845	NH (4), GA (8), MO (5), MS (4)
29th	1845-1847	IA (2), NH (4), MO (5), MS (4)
30th	1847-1849	WI (2)
31st	1849-1851	CA (2)
32nd	1851-1853	CA (2)
33rd	1853-1855	CA (2)
34th	1855-1857	CA (2)
35th	1857-1859	CA (2), MN (2)
36th	1859-1861	CA (2), MN (2)
37th	1861-1863	CA (3), MN (2)
38th to 42nd	1863-1873	CA (3)
43rd to 47th	1873-1883	Fl (2), KS (3)
48th	1883-1885	ME (4)
51st	1889-1891	SD (2)
52nd	1891-1893	SD (2)
53rd	1893-1895	SD (2), WA (2)
54th	1895-1897	SD (2), WA (2)
55th	1897-1899	SD (2), WA (2)
56th	1899-1901	SD (2), WA (2)
57th	1901-1903	SD (2), WA (2)
58th	1903-1905	ND (2), SD (2), WA (3)
59th	1905-1907	ND (2), SD (2), WA (3)
60th	1907-1909	ND (2), SD (2), WA (3)
61st	1909-1911	ND (2), SD (2)
62nd	1911-1913	ND (2), NM (2), SD (2)
63rd	1913-1915	ID (2), MT (2), UT (2)
64th	1915-1917	ID (2), MT (2)
65th to 72nd	1917-1933	ID (2), MT (2)
73rd	1933-1935	KY (9), MN (9), MO (13), ND (2), VA (9)
74th	1935-1937	ND (2)
75th	1937-1939	ND (2)
76th	1939-1941	ND (2)
77th	1941-1943	ND (2)
78th	1943-1945	AZ (2), NM (2), ND (2)
79th	1945-1947	AZ (2), NM (2), ND (2)
80th	1947-1949	AZ (2), NM (2), ND (2)
81st	1949-1951	NM (2), ND (2)
82nd	1951-1953	NM (2), ND (2)
83rd	1953-1955	NM (2), ND (2)
84th	1955-1957	NM (2), ND (2)
85th	1957-1959	NM (2), ND (2)
86th	1959-1961	NM (2), ND (2)
87th	1961-1963	NM (2), ND (2)
88th	1963-1965	AL (8), HI (2), NM (2)
89th	1965-1967	HI (2), NM (2)
90th	1967-1969	HI (2), NM (2)
91st	1969-1971	HI (2)

French version

The scrutin de liste (Fr. scrutin, voting by ballot, and liste, a list) was, before World War I, a system of election of national representatives in France by which the electors of a department voted for all the deputies to be elected in that department. It was comparable with the general ticket. It was distinguished from the scrutin d'arrondissement, also called scrutin uninominal, under which the electors in each arrondissement voted only for the deputy to be elected in it.

Nowadays, it is used on two-round bases to elect one third of the members of the Regional Councils, so to ensure a landslide victory to the party which receives a majority.

Italian version

In Italy, general ticket representation is the system used to elect one fifth of the members of the Regional Councils since 1995. As in French version, its goal is to ensure the assembly control by the leading coalition of parties. Differently from France, it is used on a single round of vote.

References

↑ Public Law 90-196, 2 U.S.C. § 2c)

Sources

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "^{article name needed}". Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.
Martis, Kenneth C. (1982). The Historical Atlas of United States Congressional Districts. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company.

External links

U.S. House of Representatives: House History

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