List of Speakers of the United States House of Representatives

The incumbent, Speaker Paul Ryan, shakes hands with his predecessor, John Boehner, as he assumes the office in October 2015.

There have been 54 speakers of the United States House of Representatives since the formation of the office in 1789 until present, from Frederick Muhlenberg to Paul Ryan, the incumbent. As the presiding officer over the United States House of Representatives, the speaker is second in line for the presidency, after the Vice President. Unlike some Westminster system parliaments, in which the office of Speaker is considered non-partisan, in the United States, the Speaker of the House is a leadership position and the office-holder actively works to set the majority party's legislative agenda. The Speaker usually does not personally preside over debates, instead delegating the duty to members of the House from the majority party. The Speaker usually does not participate in debate and rarely votes. Aside from duties relating to heading the House and the majority political party, the Speaker also performs administrative and procedural functions, and represents his or her Congressional district.

Elected by a simple majority of the members of the House, the Speaker is traditionally their party's leader in the chamber, and unlike the other House leadership, the speaker is a constitutional officer as established by Article One of the United States Constitution. At the beginning of a new Congress every two years, the House elects a speaker, either the incumbent, or a new one, depending on party composition and membership of incumbents. The most recent election to occur mid-way through a Congress occurred on October 29, 2015, when it elected Congressman Paul Ryan of Wisconsin. While every speaker has been a sitting member of Congress, the Constitution makes no requirements of House membership to hold the office.

The longest serving speaker was Sam Rayburn of Texas, who served on three separate occasions in the 1940s, 50s, and 60s. One Speaker, James K. Polk, went on to become the 11th President of the United States; both Schuyler Colfax and John Nance Garner later became Vice President. Paul Ryan ran for the office, but was defeated (prior to election as Speaker).

List of Speakers of the United States House of Representatives

It includes the congressional district and political affiliation of each speaker as well as the number of their Congress and time they spent in the position.

Pro-Administration (2) Anti-Administration party (1) Federalist (2) Democratic-Republican (6) National Republican (1) Whig (4) Democratic (23) Republican (17)
№	Portrait	Speaker		Party ^[1]	District	Congress	Tenure
1			Frederick Muhlenberg January 1, 1750 – June 4, 1801 (Aged 51)	Pro-Administration	Pennsylvania's At-large	1st	April 1, 1789 – March 4, 1791
2			Jonathan Trumbull, Jr. March 26, 1740 – August 7, 1809 (Aged 69)	Pro-Administration	Connecticut's 4th	2nd	October 24, 1791 – March 4, 1793
1			Frederick Muhlenberg January 1, 1750 – June 4, 1801 (Aged 51)	Anti-Administration	Pennsylvania's At-large	3rd	December 2, 1793 – March 4, 1795
3			Jonathan Dayton October 16, 1760 – October 9, 1824 (Aged 63)	Federalist	New Jersey-AL	4th	December 7, 1795 – March 4, 1797
3				Federalist	New Jersey-AL	5th	May 15, 1797 – March 4, 1799
4			Theodore Sedgwick May 9, 1746 – January 24, 1813 (Aged 66)	Federalist	Massachusetts' 1st	6th	December 2, 1799 – March 4, 1801
5			Nathaniel Macon December 17, 1757 – June 29, 1837 (Aged 79)	Democratic-Republican	North Carolina's 5th	7th	December 7, 1801 – March 4, 1803
					North Carolina's 6th	8th	October 17, 1803 – March 4, 1805
					North Carolina's 6th	9th	December 2, 1805 – March 4, 1807
6			Joseph Bradley Varnum January 29, 1751 – September 21, 1821 (Aged 70)	Democratic-Republican	Massachusetts' 4th	10th	October 26, 1807 – March 4, 1809
6				Democratic-Republican	Massachusetts' 4th	11th	May 22, 1809 – March 4, 1811
7			Henry Clay April 12, 1777 – June 29, 1852 (Aged 75)	Democratic-Republican	Kentucky's 5th	12th	November 4, 1811 – March 4, 1813
7			Henry Clay April 12, 1777 – June 29, 1852 (Aged 75)	Democratic-Republican	Kentucky's 2nd	13th	May 24, 1813 – January 19, 1814
8			Langdon Cheves September 17, 1776 – June 26, 1857 (Aged 80)	Democratic-Republican	South Carolina's 1st	13th	January 19, 1814 – March 4, 1815
7			Henry Clay April 12, 1777 – June 29, 1852 (Aged 75)	Democratic-Republican	Kentucky's 2nd	14th	December 4, 1815 – March 4, 1817
						15th	December 1, 1817 – March 4, 1819
						16th	December 6, 1819 – October 28, 1820
9			John W. Taylor March 26, 1784 – September 18, 1854 (Aged 70)	Democratic-Republican	New York's 11th	16th	November 15, 1820 – March 4, 1821
10			Philip Pendleton Barbour May 25, 1783 – February 25, 1841 (Aged 57)	Democratic-Republican	Virginia's 11th	17th	December 4, 1821 – March 4, 1823
7			Henry Clay April 12, 1777 – June 29, 1852 (Aged 75)	Democratic-Republican	Kentucky's 3rd	18th	December 1, 1823 – March 4, 1825
9			John W. Taylor March 26, 1784 – September 18, 1854 (Aged 70)	National Republican	New York's 17th	19th	December 5, 1825 – March 4, 1827
11			Andrew Stevenson January 21, 1784 – January 25, 1857 (Aged 73)	Democratic	Virginia's 9th	20th	December 3, 1827 – March 4, 1829
						21st	December 7, 1829 – March 4, 1831
						22nd	December 5, 1831 – March 4, 1833
					Virginia's 11th	23rd	December 2, 1833 – June 2, 1834
12			John Bell February 18, 1796 – September 10, 1869 (Aged 73)	Whig	Tennessee's 7th	23rd	June 2, 1834 – March 4, 1835
13			James K. Polk November 2, 1795 – June 15, 1849 (Aged 53)	Democratic	Tennessee's 9th	24th	December 7, 1835 – March 4, 1837
13				Democratic	Tennessee's 9th	25th	September 4, 1837 – March 4, 1839
14			Robert M. T. Hunter April 21, 1809 – July 18, 1887 (aged 78)	Whig	Virginia's 9th	26th	December 16, 1839 – March 4, 1841
15			John White February 14, 1802 – September 22, 1845 (Aged 43)	Whig	Kentucky's 9th	27th	May 31, 1841 – March 4, 1843
16			John Winston Jones November 22, 1791 – January 29, 1848 (Aged 56)	Democratic	Virginia's 6th	28th	December 4, 1843 – March 4, 1845
17			John Wesley Davis April 16, 1799 – August 22, 1859 (Aged 60)	Democratic	Indiana's 6th	29th	December 1, 1845 – March 4, 1847
18			Robert Charles Winthrop May 12, 1809—November 16, 1894 (Aged 85)	Whig	Massachusetts' 1st	30th	December 6, 1847 – March 4, 1849
19			Howell Cobb September 7, 1815 – October 9, 1868 (Aged 53)	Democratic	Georgia's 6th	31st	December 22, 1849 – March 4, 1851
20			Linn Boyd November 22, 1800 – December 17, 1859 (Aged 59)	Democratic	Kentucky's 1st	32nd	December 1, 1851 – March 4, 1853
20				Democratic	Kentucky's 1st	33rd	December 5, 1853 – March 4, 1855
21			Nathaniel P. Banks January 30, 1816 – September 1, 1894 (Aged 78)	Republican	Massachusetts' 7th	34th	February 2, 1856 – March 4, 1857
22			James Lawrence Orr May 12, 1822 – May 5, 1873 (Aged 50)	Democratic	South Carolina's 5th	35th	December 7, 1857 – March 4, 1859
23			William Pennington May 4, 1796 – February 16, 1862 (Aged 65)	Republican	New Jersey's 5th	36th	February 1, 1860 – March 4, 1861
24			Galusha A. Grow August 31, 1822 – March 31, 1907 (Aged 84)	Republican	Pennsylvania's 14th	37th	July 4, 1861 – March 4, 1863
25			Schuyler Colfax March 23, 1823 – January 13, 1885 (Aged 61)	Republican	Indiana's 9th	38th	December 7, 1863 – March 4, 1865
						39th	December 4, 1865 – March 4, 1867
						40th	March 4, 1867 – March 3, 1869
26			Theodore M. Pomeroy December 31, 1824 – March 23, 1905 (Aged 80)	Republican	New York's 24th	40th	March 3, 1869 – March 4, 1869
27			James G. Blaine January 31, 1830 – January 27, 1893 (Aged 62)	Republican	Maine's 3rd	41st	March 4, 1869 – March 4, 1871
						42nd	March 4, 1871 – March 4, 1873
						43rd	March 4, 1873 – March 4, 1875
28			Michael C. Kerr March 15, 1827 – August 19, 1876 (Aged 49)	Democratic	Indiana's 3rd	44th	December 6, 1875 – August 19, 1876
29			Samuel J. Randall October 10, 1828 – April 13, 1890 (Aged 61)	Democratic	Pennsylvania's 3rd	44th	December 4, 1876 – March 4, 1877
						45th	October 15, 1877 – March 4, 1879
						46th	March 18, 1879 – March 4, 1881
30			J. Warren Keifer January 30, 1836 – April 22, 1932 (Aged 96)	Republican	Ohio's 8th	47th	December 5, 1881 – March 4, 1883
31			John G. Carlisle September 5, 1834 – July 31, 1910 (Aged 75)	Democratic	Kentucky's 6th	48th	December 3, 1883 – March 4, 1885
						49th	December 7, 1885 – March 4, 1887
						50th	December 5, 1887 – March 4, 1889
32			Thomas Brackett Reed October 18, 1839 – December 7, 1902 (Aged 63)	Republican	Maine's 1st	51st	December 2, 1889 – March 4, 1891
33			Charles Frederick Crisp January 29, 1845 – October 23, 1896 (Aged 51)	Democratic	Georgia's 3rd	52nd	December 8, 1891 – March 4, 1893
33				Democratic	Georgia's 3rd	53rd	August 7, 1893 – March 4, 1895
32			Thomas Brackett Reed October 18, 1839 – December 7, 1902 (Aged 63)	Republican	Maine's 1st	54th	December 2, 1895 – March 4, 1897
32				Republican	Maine's 1st	55th	March 15, 1897 – March 4, 1899
34			David B. Henderson March 14, 1840 – February 25, 1906 (Aged 65)	Republican	Iowa's 3rd	56th	December 4, 1899 – March 4, 1901
34				Republican	Iowa's 3rd	57th	December 2, 1901 – March 4, 1903
35			Joseph Gurney Cannon May 7, 1836 – November 12, 1926 (Aged 90)	Republican	Illinois' 18th	58th	November 9, 1903 – March 4, 1905
						59th	December 4, 1905 – March 4, 1907
						60th	December 2, 1907 – March 4, 1909
						61st	March 15, 1909 – March 4, 1911
36			Champ Clark March 7, 1850 – March 2, 1921 (Aged 70)	Democratic	Missouri's 9th	62nd	April 4, 1911 – March 4, 1913
						63rd	April 7, 1913 – March 4, 1915
						64th	December 6, 1915 – March 4, 1917
						65th	April 2, 1917 – March 4, 1919
37			Frederick Gillett October 16, 1851 – July 31, 1935 (Aged 83)	Republican	Massachusetts' 2nd	66th	May 19, 1919 – March 4, 1921
						67th	April 11, 1921 – March 4, 1923
						68th	December 3, 1923 – March 4, 1925
38			Nicholas Longworth November 5, 1869 – April 9, 1931 (Aged 61)	Republican	Ohio's 1st	69th	December 7, 1925 – March 4, 1927
						70th	December 5, 1927 – March 4, 1929
						71st	April 15, 1929 – March 4, 1931
39			John Nance Garner November 22, 1868 – November 7, 1967 (Aged 98)	Democratic	Texas' 15th	72nd	December 7, 1931 – March 4, 1933
40			Henry Thomas Rainey August 20, 1860 – August 19, 1934 (Aged 73)	Democratic	Illinois' 20th	73rd	March 9, 1933 – August 19, 1934
41			Joseph Wellington Byrns, Sr. July 20, 1869 – June 4, 1936 (Aged 66)	Democratic	Tennessee's 5th	74th	January 3, 1935 – June 4, 1936
42			William B. Bankhead April 12, 1874 – September 15, 1940 (Aged 66)	Democratic	Alabama's 7th	74th	June 4, 1936 – January 3, 1937
						75th	January 5, 1937 – January 3, 1939
						76th	January 3, 1939 – September 15, 1940
43			Sam Rayburn January 6, 1882 – November 16, 1961 (Aged 79)	Democratic	Texas' 4th	76th	September 16, 1940 – January 3, 1941
						77th	January 3, 1941 – January 3, 1943
						78th	January 6, 1943 – January 3, 1945
						79th	January 3, 1945 – January 3, 1947
44			Joseph William Martin, Jr. November 3, 1884 – March 6, 1968 (Aged 83)	Republican	Massachusetts' 14th	80th	January 3, 1947 – January 3, 1949
43			Sam Rayburn January 6, 1882 – November 16, 1961 (Aged 79)	Democratic	Texas' 4th	81st	January 3, 1949 – January 3, 1951
43				Democratic	Texas' 4th	82nd	January 3, 1951 – January 3, 1953
44			Joseph William Martin, Jr. November 3, 1884 – March 6, 1968 (Aged 83)	Republican	Massachusetts' 14th	83rd	January 3, 1953 – January 3, 1955
43			Sam Rayburn January 6, 1882 – November 16, 1961 (Aged 79)	Democratic	Texas' 4th	84th	January 3, 1955 – January 3, 1957
						85th	January 3, 1957 – January 3, 1959
						86th	January 7, 1959 – January 3, 1961
						87th	January 3, 1961 – November 16, 1961
45			John William McCormack December 21, 1891 – November 22, 1980 (Aged 88)	Democratic	Massachusetts' 12th	87th	January 10, 1962 – January 3, 1963
					Massachusetts' 9th	88th	January 9, 1963 – January 3, 1965
						89th	January 4, 1965 – January 3, 1967
						90th	January 10, 1967 – January 3, 1969
						91st	January 3, 1969 – January 3, 1971
46			Carl Albert May 10, 1908 – February 4, 2000 (Aged 91)	Democratic	Oklahoma's 3rd	92nd	January 21, 1971 – January 3, 1973
						93rd	January 3, 1973 – January 3, 1975
						94th	January 14, 1975 – January 3, 1977
47			Tip O'Neill December 9, 1912 – January 5, 1994 (Aged 81)	Democratic	Massachusetts's 8th	95th	January 4, 1977 – January 3, 1979
						96th	January 15, 1979 – January 3, 1981
						97th	January 5, 1981 – January 3, 1983
						98th	January 3, 1983 – January 3, 1985
						99th	January 3, 1985 – January 3, 1987
48			Jim Wright December 22, 1922 – May 6, 2015 (Aged 92)	Democratic	Texas' 12th	100th	January 6, 1987 – January 3, 1989
48			Jim Wright December 22, 1922 – May 6, 2015 (Aged 92)	Democratic	Texas' 12th	101st	January 3, 1989 – June 6, 1989
49			Tom Foley March 6, 1929 – October 18, 2013 (Aged 84)	Democratic	Washington's 5th	101st	June 6, 1989 – January 3, 1991
						102nd	January 3, 1991 – January 3, 1993
						103rd	January 5, 1993 – January 3, 1995
50			Newt Gingrich (1943-06-17) June 17, 1943	Republican	Georgia's 6th	104th	January 4, 1995 – January 3, 1997
50			Newt Gingrich (1943-06-17) June 17, 1943	Republican	Georgia's 6th	105th	January 7, 1997 – January 3, 1999
51			Dennis Hastert (1942-01-02) January 2, 1942	Republican	Illinois' 14th	106th	January 6, 1999 – January 3, 2001
						107th	January 3, 2001 – January 3, 2003
						108th	January 7, 2003 – January 3, 2005
						109th	January 3, 2005 – January 3, 2007
52			Nancy Pelosi (1940-03-26) March 26, 1940	Democratic	California's 12th	110th	January 4, 2007 – January 3, 2009
52			Nancy Pelosi (1940-03-26) March 26, 1940	Democratic	California's 12th	111th	January 6, 2009 – January 3, 2011
53			John Boehner (1949-11-17) November 17, 1949	Republican	Ohio's 8th	112th	January 5, 2011 – January 3, 2013
						113th	January 3, 2013 – January 3, 2015
						114th	January 6, 2015 – October 29, 2015
54			Paul Ryan (1970-01-29) January 29, 1970	Republican	Wisconsin's 1st	114th	October 29, 2015 – Present

^a Note: Banks, a former Democrat originally elected as a member of the Know Nothing Party, had come to be associated with the Republicans by the time the 34th Congress convened. Because the Republicans did not command a majority in Congress and Banks did not receive any votes from Democrats or Southern Know Nothings, Banks, after two months of deadlocked balloting, could only be elected on the 133rd ballot after a motion was passed allowing the election of a Speaker by plurality vote.^[2]

List of Speakers by time in office

Sam Rayburn
served for 17 years, 53 days

Tip O'Neill
served for 9 years, 350 days

John W. McCormack
served for 8 years, 344 days

Theodore M. Pomeroy
served for just 1 day

This list is based on the difference between dates; if counted by number of calendar days all the figures would be one greater. Time after adjournment of one Congress but before the convening of the next Congress is not counted. For example, Nathaniel Macon was Speaker in both the 8th and 9th Congresses, but the eight-month gap between the two Congresses is not counted toward his service.

Sam Rayburn and Henry Clay are the only people to have served as Speaker of the House for more than ten years.

Theodore M. Pomeroy served as Speaker of the House for one day after Speaker Schuyler Colfax resigned to become Vice President of the United States; Pomeroy's term as a Member of Congress ended the next day.

Sam Rayburn, Henry Clay, Thomas Brackett Reed, Joseph William Martin, Jr., Frederick Muhlenberg, and John W. Taylor are the only Speakers of the House to have ever served in non-consecutive Congresses (i.e. another Speaker served in between each tenure).

Rank	Speaker	Order in office	Time in office
1	Rayburn, SamSam Rayburn (D)	43	17 years, 53 days
2	Clay, HenryHenry Clay (D-R)	7	10 years, 196 days
3	O'Neill, TipTip O'Neill (D)	47	9 years, 350 days
4	McCormack, John WilliamJohn William McCormack (D)	45	8 years, 344 days
5	Hastert, DennisDennis Hastert (R)	51	7008251920800000000♠7 years, 359 days
6	Clark, ChampChamp Clark (D)	36	6 years, 357 days
7	Albert, CarlCarl Albert (D)	46	5 years, 337 days
8	Cannon, Joseph GurneyJoseph Gurney Cannon (R)	35	5 years, 285 days
9	Foley, TomTom Foley (D)	49	7008175845600000000♠5 years, 209 days
10	Blaine, James G.James G. Blaine (R)	27	5 years, 93 days
11	Gillett, Frederick H.Frederick H. Gillett (R)	37	4 years, 341 days
12	Boehner, JohnJohn Boehner (R)	53	4 years, 297 days
13	Colfax, SchuylerSchuyler Colfax (R)	25	4 years, 176 days
14	Brackett Reed, ThomasThomas Brackett Reed (R)	32	4 years, 172 days
15	Longworth, NicholasNicholas Longworth (R)	38	4 years, 133 days
16	Bankhead, William B.William B. Bankhead (D)	42	7008135043200000000♠4 years, 102 days
17	Stevenson, AndrewAndrew Stevenson (D)	11	4 years, 83 days
18	Martin, Jr., Joseph WilliamJoseph William Martin, Jr. (R)	44	4 years
19	Pelosi, NancyNancy Pelosi (D)	52	7008126036000000000♠3 years, 363 days
20	Gingrich, NewtNewt Gingrich (R)	50	7008125863200000000♠3 years, 361 days
21	Macon, NathanielNathaniel Macon (D-R)	5	3 years, 317 days
22	John G. Carlisle (D)	31	3 years, 267 days
23	Randall, Samuel J.Samuel J. Randall (D)	29	3 years, 215 days
24	Muhlenberg, FrederickFrederick Muhlenberg (Pro-Admin/Anti-Admin)	1	3 years, 64 days
25	Varnum, Joseph BradleyJoseph Bradley Varnum (D-R)	6	3 years, 49 days
26	Dayton, JonathanJonathan Dayton (F)	3	3 years, 14 days
27	Crisp, Charles FrederickCharles Frederick Crisp (D)	33	2 years, 295 days
28	Polk, James K.James K. Polk (D)	13	2 years, 268 days
29	Boyd, LinnLinn Boyd (D)	20	2 years, 182 days
30	Henderson, David B.David B. Henderson (R)	34	2 years, 182 days
31	Wright, JimJim Wright (D)	48	7007761616000000000♠2 years, 151 days
32	White, JohnJohn White (W)	15	7007554904000000000♠1 year, 277 days
33	Grow, Galusha A.Galusha A. Grow (R)	24	7007525528000000000♠1 year, 243 days
34	Taylor, John W.John W. Taylor (D-R/NR)	9	1 year, 198 days
35	Rainey, Henry ThomasHenry Thomas Rainey (D)	40	7007456408000000000♠1 year, 163 days
36	Byrns, Sr., Joseph W.Joseph W. Byrns, Sr. (D)	41	7007447768000000000♠1 year, 153 days
37	Trumbull, Jr., JonathanJonathan Trumbull, Jr. (F)	2	7007428760000000000♠1 year, 131 days
38	Davis, John WesleyJohn Wesley Davis (D)	17	7007395928000000000♠1 year, 93 days
39	Sedgwick, TheodoreTheodore Sedgwick (F)	4	7007395064000000000♠1 year, 92 days
40	Pendleton Barbour, PhilipPhilip Pendleton Barbour (D-R)	10	7007393336000000000♠1 year, 90 days
41	Jones, John WinstonJohn Winston Jones (D)	16	7007393336000000000♠1 year, 90 days
42	Keifer, J. WarrenJ. Warren Keifer (R)	30	7007392472000000000♠1 year, 89 days
43	Winthrop, Robert CharlesRobert Charles Winthrop (W)	18	7007391608000000000♠1 year, 88 days
44	Orr, James LawrenceJames Lawrence Orr (D)	22	7007390744000000000♠1 year, 87 days
45	Garner, John NanceJohn Nance Garner (D)	39	7007390744000000000♠1 year, 87 days
46	Hunter, Robert M. T.Robert M. T. Hunter (W)	14	7007382968000000000♠1 year, 78 days
47	Cobb, HowellHowell Cobb (D)	19	7007377784000000000♠1 year, 72 days
48	Cheves, LangdonLangdon Cheves (D-R)	8	7007353592000000000♠1 year, 44 days
49	Pennington, WilliamWilliam Pennington (R)	23	7007342360000000000♠1 year, 31 days
50	Banks, Nathaniel P.Nathaniel P. Banks (R)	21	7007341496000000000♠1 year, 30 days
51	Bell, JohnJohn Bell (W)	12	275 days
52	Kerr, Michael C.Michael C. Kerr (D)	28	257 days
53	Ryan, PaulPaul Ryan (R)	54	7007165024000000000♠191 days
54	Pomeroy, Theodore M.Theodore M. Pomeroy (R)	26	1 day

Number of Speakers per State

Referring to individual

Number	State
8	Massachusetts
4	Kentucky
4	Virginia
3	Georgia
	Illinois
	Indiana
	Ohio
	Pennsylvania
	Tennessee
	Texas
2	Maine
	New Jersey
	New York
	South Carolina
1	Alabama
	California
	Connecticut
	Iowa
	Missouri
	North Carolina
	Oklahoma
	Washington
	Wisconsin

List of living former Speakers

Since the retirement of John Boehner on October 29, 2015 there are four former living speakers. Picture below, in order of service:

Newt Gingrich
(1995-1999)
(1943-06-17) June 17, 1943
Dennis Hastert
(1999-2007)
(1942-01-02) January 2, 1942
Nancy Pelosi
(2007-2011)
(1940-03-26) March 26, 1940
Still in office as Congresswoman and House Minority Leader
John Boehner
(2011-2015)
(1949-11-17) November 17, 1949

References

↑ Speakers Muhlenberg and Taylor served as Speaker more than once, and in a different party each time. This accounts for the party total being 56, while Speaker total is 54
↑ Hollandsworth, James (1998). Pretense of Glory: The Life of General Nathaniel P. Banks. Baton Rouge, LA: Louisiana State University Press. pp. 25–27. ISBN 0-8071-2293-9.

External links

"Speaker of the House of Representatives". Retrieved 2005. Official Website, Information about role as party leader, powers as presiding officer.
"Capitol Questions." C-SPAN (2003). Notable elections and role.
The Cannon Centenary Conference: The Changing Nature of the Speakership. (2003). House Document 108-204. History, nature and role of the Speakership.
Congressional Quarterly's Guide to Congress, 5th ed. (2000). Washington, D.C.: Congressional Quarterly Press.
Wilson, Woodrow. (1885). Congressional Government. New York: Houghton Mifflin.

United States presidential line of succession
Preceded by Vice President Joe Biden	2nd in line	Succeeded by President pro tempore of the Senate Orrin Hatch

Speakers of the United States House of Representatives

Muhlenberg Trumbull Dayton Sedgwick Macon Varnum Clay Cheves Taylor Barbour Stevenson Bell Polk Hunter White Jones Davis Winthrop Cobb Boyd Banks Orr Pennington Grow Colfax Pomeroy Blaine Kerr Randall Keifer Carlisle Reed Crisp Henderson Cannon Clark Gillett Longworth Garner Rainey Byrns Bankhead Rayburn Martin McCormack Albert O'Neill Wright Foley Gingrich Hastert Pelosi Boehner Ryan

United States Congress

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